e-Journal Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI)
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The Accuracy of Oral Cancer Clinical Diagnosis in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital: An Indonesian National Referral Hospital Study
No full textBackground: Early diagnosis of oral cancer is believed to increase the survival rate. To the best of our knowledge, no research has been done on the accuracy of oral cancer clinical diagnosis in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aims to assess the accuracy of clinical diagnoses for patients presenting to the oral medicine clinic with suspected oral cancer lesions. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study with convenience sampling, including patients who presented to the Oral Medicine Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 with suspected oral cancer lesions. A clinical diagnosis is accurate if the histologic diagnosis falls into the premalignant or malignant category. Results: As many as 112 cases of suspected tumours of the oral cavity were listed from January 2018 to December 2020. Only 58 patients met the inclusion criteria. The accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 89%. Most of the patients were in stage 4 oral cancer. The range of delay was 1 week to 192 weeks, with a mean of 27.60 ± 34.71 weeks. Conclusion: The clinical diagnosis accuracy of the oral medicine clinic was excellent. Unfortunately, most of the patients had stage 4 oral cancer when they arrived at the hospital. The delay in diagnosing oral cancer may be minimised if individuals and professionals in primary health centres were better educated
Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia in Pediatric Patients with McCune-Albright Syndrome: A Scoping Review
No full textPendahuluan: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) adalah kelainan tulang langka non-neoplastik yang dikarakterisasikan dengan proliferasi berlebih pada proses pembentukan tulang oleh sel mesenkim. FD dapat timbul sebagai salah satu gejala klinis dari sindroma McCune-Albright (MAS). MAS memiliki triad gejala klinis khas yang terdiri dari FD, makula café-au-lait, dan hiperfungsi endokrinopati. FD dan MAS disebabkan oleh mutasi genetik post-zigotik, sehingga pasien akan lahir dengan penyakit FD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis pengaruh gejala klinis lain dari MAS terhadap lesi FD kraniofasial pada pasien anak. Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode scoping review. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada database Scopus dan PubMed. Kriteria inklusi: artikel yang membahas mengenai karakteristik lesi FD kraniofasial yang berkaitan dengan MAS pada pasien anak, dipublikasikan dalam jangka tahun 2016-2023, dipublikasikan melalui jurnal internasional, full text, dan free article. Penyaringan sumber literatur dilaksanakan sesuai dengan protokol PRISMA-ScR. Hasil: Delapan artikel ditetapkan sebagai kriteria inklusi. Pengaruh dari uncontrolled GH excess terhadap patogenesis lesi FD dibahas pada seluruh artikel, diantaranya adalah meningkatnya risiko gangguan penglihatan/pendengaran (tujuh artikel), tampilan makrosefali (lima artikel), meningkatnya risiko regrowth pasca operasi (empat artikel), ekspansi lesi FD (empat artikel), dan meningkatnya morbiditas lesi FD (satu artikel). Pembahasan mengenai PP serta koeksistensinya dengan gejala uncontrolled GH excess dibahas pada satu artikel. Hipofosfatemia dibahas pada lima artikel. Simpulan: GH excess dan PP merupakan jenis hiperfungsi endokrinopati yang dapat memperparah patogenesis dan gejala klinis lesi FD. Pada pasien MAS dengan jumlah (skeletal burden) lesi FD yang masif kondisi hipofosfatemia akan meningkatkan risiko fraktur tulang dan rasa nyeri pada lesi FD
Nuclear Changes in the Form of Karyorrhexis and Karyopyknosis in Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells of Smokers
No full textSmoking not only has systemic effects but also lead to the development of pathological conditions in the oral cavity. Long-term smoking habits and the carcinogenic substances in cigarettes can decrease the development of epithelial cells and enhance cell apoptosis. Cell death or apoptosis can be characterized by changes in the cell nucleus in form of karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis. Method: This analytical observational research using exfoliative cytology examination with scraping technique was done to evaluate the number and percentage of karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis of oral mucosal epithelial cells. As much as 60 research subjects were used in this study which divided into 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers. Two slides were created from each oral buccal mucous epithelium cell smears that delivered to the laboratory for Papanicolaou staining. Cells observation was conducted in three fields of each slide to evaluate the percentage of cells experiencing karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis. Results: karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis was found higher in smoking subjects. There was significant difference in the number of oral mucosal epithelial cells that undergo kariopyknosis (p=0.005<0.05) and karyorrhexis (p=0.001 <0.05) between smokers and non-smokers group. Conclusion: Smoking can be a causing factor for the cell death in form of an increase of karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis of cells
Staging and Grading of Periodontitis in Relation to Hypertension: A Retrospective Study in Indonesia
No full textIntroduction – Pendahuluan:
Hypertension (HT), a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, affects a significant portion of the global population and is a major public health concern. Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease involving tooth-supporting structures
Objective – Tujuan:
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and the prevalence of hypertension in an adult population.
Methods – Metode:
A retrospective cross-sectional study from medical records was conducted in this study. Data taken from medical records were age, gender, blood pressure, bleeding on probing, anti-hypertension drugs consumed by the patient, periodontitis diagnosis based on the 2017 classification, and history of other systemic diseases. This study involved 144 adult patients diagnosed with periodontitis, classified by staging (I-IV) and grading (A-C)
Results – Hasil:
Hypertension's impact on periodontitis severity becomes more evident with advancing age. HT group exhibited a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (Stages III and IV) compared to normotensive patients (p=0.000), particularly among older age groups (45-60 years (p=0.029) and >60 years (p=0.038)). HT groups are more likely to exhibit Grade C periodontitis(p=0.04). HT patients demonstrate worse periodontal parameters that could contribute to accelerated disease progression and more severe outcomes.
Conclusion – Kesimpulan:
There is an association between the staging and grading of periodontitis and hypertension. These findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of periodontal and cardiovascular health to improve overall health outcomes.
Keywords – Kata Kunci:
Periodontitis, blood pressure, hypertension
Microstructure analysis of periapical area in abscess patients before and after endodontic treatment
No full textObjectives: The study aims to analyze the microstructure of the alveolar bone in the periapical area by knowing the area of the lesion, the number of particles, and the area of the particles in patients before and after endodontic treatment in the diagnosis of inflammatory periapical abscess lesions through digitizing periapical radiographs using ImageJ software. By using this approach, it is hoped that more objective and accurate data can be obtained in evaluating changes that occur in periapical lesions, thereby improving the overall quality of endodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: This research uses an observational analysis design using the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique, namely 28 pairs of periapical radiographs before and after endodontic treatment, with a diagnosis of periapical abscess carried out at Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital in the period February-April 2024, who met the radiographic inclusion criteria were included in this study.
Results: The results showed that from 28 pairs of, there was a decrease in the average lesion area from 20.00 ± 16.71 to 18.19 ± 6.92mm2, an increase in the average number of particles from 4.89 ± 2.15 to 4.93 ± 1.82, and an increase in the average area of particles from 130.14 ± 2.15mm2 to 131.82 ± 24.28 mm².
Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that there was a difference in decreasing the area of the lesion, the number of, but the results were not significant within three months during endodontic treatment. Minimal changes are obtained from the minimal and particles produced.
Keywords: Periapical abscess, digitization of periapical radiographs, ImageJ softwar
Lesion Characteristics of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in Oral Medicine Patients: An Analysis of Medical Records and Demographic Data
No full textBackground: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an ulcerative condition that is common in the oral mucosa, especially in young females. Objectives: This study aims to analyse lesion profiles of RAS and identify predisposing factors that contribute to its occurrence. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from a secondary data search from a Dental Teaching Hospital. The sample was collected from the medical records of outpatients with a diagnosis of RAS at YARSI Dental Hospital (RSGM) between 2016 and 2020. Results: Data were collected from 102 patients, showing the highest prevalence in the 20-29 year age group (64.7%), with a female majority (76.5%). The most common RAS lesions were found on the labial (35.9%) and buccal (31.3%) mucosal areas, with the ulcer lesion types (87.9%) being predominant. Lesion healing duration mostly ranged from 7-14 days (94%), while the main triggering factors identified were mechanical trauma (41.9%) and stress (21%). Conclusion: This study showed that RAS is more common in young females with triggering factors such as mechanical trauma and stress. This condition requires a multifaceted approach to develop a treatment plan that reduces the frequency of recurrence
Management of Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis in a Dysphagia Post-Stroke and Hairy Tongue Patient
No full textBackground. Hairy tongue is a benign condition characterised by the elongation of the filiform papillae. This elongation creates an environment conducive to debris retention and alterations in the oral microflora, thereby increasing the risk of developing candidiasis. In patients with dysphagia, the decrease in mastication and swallowing movements further creates an opportunity for candidiasis to develop. Case report. This present case reports a 67-year-old man with dysphagia following a stroke incident. A thick white pseudomembrane was observed on the dorsum of the tongue and the edentulous ridge, which had otherwise appeared normal to the surrounding mucosa. Treatment consisted of prescribing an oral antiseptic to be used three times daily and regularly using a tongue scraper after brushing. After seven days of treatment, the pseudomembrane had disappeared, except for the central posterior part of the tongue. This remaining pseudomembrane could not be scraped off and was defined as a hairy tongue. Conclusion. Proper management of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis on the hairy tongue lesions can prevent candidemia and further tongue mucosal changes
Dental Polymeric Composites: A Narrative Review of Properties and Clinical Performance
No full textIntroduction: Synthetic and natural polymers have attracted significant interest due to their adaptability and wide use in biomedical sciences. Their chemical and physical properties can be tailored to meet specific requirements, making them essential in the development of advanced healthcare solutions. Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the biomedical applications of polymers, with particular emphasis on the dental field, while assessing their stability, degradation, and bioactivity. Methods: Relevant literature was analyzed to examine recent developments in polymer modification, functional performance, and biomedical utility. Results: Results show that polymers are not restricted to biomaterial applications but also play a vital role in drug delivery systems, where stability and degradation behavior are crucial for maintaining bioactivity. Conclusion: Polymers represent indispensable tools in biomedical sciences, with dentistry and drug delivery systems offering promising avenues for future research and clinical practice
A case report of incidental finding of concrescence teeth on a panoramic radiograph as a complication of impacted maxillary third molar
No full textObjectives: Concrescence is a rare dental developmental anomaly where two fully formed teeth are fused by cementum. It often occurs in the maxillary posterior region and may lead to tooth impaction. This case report presents an incidental radiographic finding of a concrescence related to maxillary third molar (M3) impaction.
Case Report: A 72-year-old woman presented with a panoramic radiograph referral for mandibular denture placement with a clinical diagnosis of missing teeth in the right and left mandibular regions. On the panoramic radiograph, the impacted root of tooth 28 was seen, fused with the root of tooth 27.
Conclusion: Concrescence is a rare case of anomaly and can occur in an impacted M3 tooth, and Concrescence is suspected as the main cause of the tooth not being erupted/impacted.
Keywords: Concrescence, maxillary molar tooth impaction, panoramic radiograph