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A270: Exerciser Adoption of Personalized Workout Plan in AI-Powered Fitness Apps: The Technology Affordance Perspective
No full textWith the proliferation of artificial intelligence in the sports industry, AI-powered fitness apps that offer personalized fitness services are becoming increasingly prevalent. The personalized workout plan, a popular feature of AI-powered fitness apps, is being added to a growing number of fitness apps and embraced by a rapidly expanding user base. Personalized workout plans are tailored to exercisers’ fitness goals, demographics, body features, preferences, and skill levels. Although this feature is expected to enhance exerciser engagement and improve their satisfaction, scholarly works investigating the factors that drive and hinder exercisers from adopting it remain scarce. Based on the technology affordance theory, this research sheds light on the affordances of the feature that affect exercisers’ adoption. Method: To investigate the factors that drive or hinder exercisers from adopting the personalized workout plan feature, we first conducted 30 semi-structured interviews via telephone. The participants were recruited from the social media platforms, who have previously used the feature in Keep or Huawei Health, two popular AI-powered fitness apps in China. Then, we performed content analysis of the interview records. Specifically, two researchers manually coded the interview records using NVivo 14. After that, they discussed their results of the coding and determined the factors that drive or hinder exercisers from adopting it. Our analysis reveals three factors that drive exercisers to adopt the feature include (1) the ability to create scientific and systematic personalized workout plans, (2) the ability to combine the workout plan and workout tracking data, and (3) the provision of diversified incentives to motivate long-term adherence. Meanwhile, our analysis shows that (1) the limited assessment on the fitness profile of exercisers, (2) the inability to make dynamic adjustments during plan execution, and (3) the concerns on data security and privacy are the three factors that hinder exercisers from adopting the feature. The findings of this research provide fresh insights into the factors that drive or hinder exercisers from adopting the personalized workout plan feature. Theoretically, this research contributes to the literature on fitness apps by illuminating exerciser experience with the emerging feature. It also adds to the human-AI interaction literature by examining the interaction between exercisers and AI-powered fitness apps in the context of digital fitness. Practically, this research offers guidance to providers of AI-powered fitness apps on how to improve the personalized workout plan feature
A177: Effect of Quadriceps Strength Symmetry on Lower Limb Biomechanics During Single-Leg Landing After ACL Reconstruction
No full textThe limb symmetry index (LSI) is widely used to assess bilateral lower limb recovery and re-injury risk following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study aims to investigate how lower limb muscle strength symmetry influences biomechanical characteristics during the single leg hop test in patients one-year post-ACLR, and to identify the potential impact of muscle strength asymmetry on re-injury risk during landing movements in ACLR patients. Method: Thirty ACLR patients completed isokinetic quadriceps strength testing and single-leg hop tests. Based on quadriceps strength symmetry, they were categorized into a high-symmetry group (LSI \u3e 85%, n = 15) and a low-symmetry group (LSI \u3c 85 %, n = 15). Lower limb biomechanical data during the single-leg jump-landing tests were collected synchronously using a Vicon motion capture system and AMTI force platforms. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of group and limb on various outcome measures. (1) A significant interaction effect was observed between limb and group for knee valgus angle. Post-hoc analysis revealed that in the high symmetry group, the valgus angle of the contralateral limb was significantly greater than that of the reconstructed limb (P \u3c 0.01). (2) A significant interaction was also found between limb and group for knee internal rotation moment. Post-hoc analysis showed that in the high-symmetry group, the internal rotation moment of the contralateral limb was significantly greater than that of the reconstructed limb (P = 0.001). In addition, knee extension and valgus moments were significantly greater in the contralateral limb than in the reconstructed limb in both groups (P \u3c 0.01). (3) The peak vertical ground reaction force during the landing phase was significantly greater in the contralateral limb than in the reconstructed limb in both groups (P = 0.001). (1) Compared to the reconstructed limb, the contralateral limb of ACLR patients demonstrated greater knee extension moment, knee valgus moment, and ground reaction force, suggesting an increased risk of secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury to the contralateral limb. (2) In the high-symmetry group, the contralateral limb exhibited increased knee valgus angle and internal rotation moment, potentially suggesting a higher susceptibility to ACL re-injury. In conclusion, rehabilitation of the contralateral limb should be equally prioritized in patients following ACLR to ensure comprehensive recovery and to minimize the risk of re-injury
A244: Effect of Different Exercise Training on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
No full textCardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes is usually manifested by a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV). Physical activity can improve HRV in healthy people, but the results in patients with type 2 diabetes are controversial. This study summarizes the effects of different forms of exercise on the cardiac autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes, to provide scientific exercise recommendations for improving the cardiac autonomic function in patients. This paper searched relevant articles in PubMed and CNKI by computer. The search terms: exercise , type 2 diabetes , heart rate variability . We selected four aspects of the article, including the effect of long-term aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic combined resistance exercise, and high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes. We excluded articles with low relevance. Finally, fifteen highly targeted articles were selected for further analysis. (1) A comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular autonomic reflex after resistance exercise in type 2 diabetic patients with CAN has found that resistance exercise has a good effect on HRV in the resting state. (2) Twelve-week aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise has shown that exercise can effectively reduce obesity index, glycylated hemoglobin, and blood pressure, and improve insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes; however, HRV significantly improved. (3) Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 6 months can not only increase aerobic capacity, improve glycemic control and blood lipids in type 2 diabetic patients, but also improve cardiac autonomic function and the frequency domain and time domain of HRV in CAN patients. (4) Eight-week high-intensity interval training has shown better results in cardiac autonomic regulation. The resting heart rate decreased in type 2 diabetic patients, but no significant changes were observed in HRV. Exercise improves sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity and the heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes by inhibiting sympathetic hyperactivity and enhancing parasympathetic activity. Exercise can improve the sympathetic-vagus balance and vascular function may reduce the inflammation associated with autonomic function. For the current study, long-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance exercise are beneficial for the improvement of cardiac autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes, which provides guidance for the designation of exercise prescription in diabetic patients
A216: Research on the Innovative Development Path of Chinese Characteristic Physical Education Theory
No full textAs an important part of philosophy and social sciences, sports science must deeply understand the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping\u27s important remarks and accelerate the construction of a knowledge system of sports science in China. The research on the innovation of sports education theory is of far-reaching significance in accelerating the construction of China\u27s knowledge system. It is not only a summary and sublimation of China\u27s sports education practice but also stimulates the development of China\u27s original sports education theory. Based on the methodological perspective, this study answers the method and path of the innovative development of the sports education theory with Chinese characteristics from four aspects: value orientation, development direction, core content, and generation motivation. Research: The literature review method and logical analysis method were used. The innovative development of physical education theory with Chinese characteristics under the construction of an independent knowledge system should be carried out from the following four aspects: First, focus on the one goal to provide conceptual guidance, theoretical support, and methodological guidance for advancing the great process of modernizing China\u27s physical education cause. Second, grasp the three-fold logic and anchor the development direction of physical education theory in the historical logic of the development of China\u27s physical education cause, the theoretical logic of the local construction of physical education theory, and the practical logic of theoretical knowledge production. Third, answer the four questions and expand the content system of physical education theory in answering the Chinese question of building a sport - power country, the world question of building a community with a shared future for mankind, the people\u27s question of improving the national health level, and the era question of the digital transformation of sports. Fourth, firmly uphold the Four Spheres of Confidence , and stimulate the driving force for the innovative development of physical education theory while practicing confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture. The innovative development of the theory of physical education with Chinese characteristics shoulders the responsibility for realizing the strategies of building a strong educational country, a strong sports country, and a Healthy China. Exploring its path from the methodological perspective has a certain forward-looking perspective and value significance, laying the foundation for further improving the independent sports knowledge system in China
A079: An Empirical Tripartite Framework Analysis of Winter Sports Policy Implementation in Chinese Educational Institutions
No full textFollowing China\u27s successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics, campus ice and snow sports have made progress in promotion due to the implementation of Olympic strategies. However, many obstacles remain, preventing the achievement of expected policy goals. Ice and snow sports positively impact adolescents\u27 physical and mental health and willpower. Therefore, this study evaluates national-level campus ice and snow sports policies in China in three aspects and proposes optimization suggestions, aiming to provide theoretical references for promoting such sports. Method: Sixteen national-level campus ice and snow sports policy documents from the Chinese government\u27s official website were selected as research samples. Based on content analysis, policy tools and policy subjects in the documents were coded and counted. ROSTCM 6 software was used for policy text mining to establish a policy evaluation index system. Nine policies were selected through purposive sampling and evaluated using the PMC index model. The statistical results were imported into MATLAB to create PMC surface plots for intuitive analysis. The 16 policy samples used policy tools 303 times, with incentive tools accounting for 5.611%, authoritative tools for 13.201%, capacity-building tools for 39.934%, systemic change tools for 17.822%, and symbolic and hortatory tools for 23.432%. The policy samples involved 163 policy subjects, with governments accounting for 36.810%, schools for 30.675%, society for 29.448%, and families for 3.067%. The average PMC index of the nine selected policies was 7.22, with a mean depression of 2.78. Five policies were rated excellent, and four were good. The results that China\u27s campus ice and snow sports policies exhibit irrational tool use, with governments and schools as main executors, and emphasis on social participation, align with previous research. Policies are of high quality, showing convex growth. However, policy design needs improvement in incentive mechanisms, multidimensional coordination, and implementation effectiveness. To promote campus ice and snow sports, it is recommended to optimize tool use, coordinate policy subjects, and strengthen policy design
A035: The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Health Promotion: Analysis Based on Big Data
No full textWith the rapid development of the economy and lifestyle changes, people\u27s physical activity levels have significantly decreased, leading to a decline in their physical health. Especially for teenagers and college students, due to increased academic pressure and increased dependence on electronic products, their exercise time has significantly decreased. In addition, the development of big data technology provides new methods and means for studying the relationship between physical activity and health promotion. Through big data analysis, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of physical activity on health, providing a scientific basis for developing effective health promotion strategies. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical activity and health promotion through big data and reveal the mechanism of the impact of physical activity on health indicators in different populations. (1) Data collection: use big data to collect multidimensional data on physical activity, dietary behavior, body composition, etc., covering populations of different ages, genders, and regions. (2) Data analysis: statistical analysis to mine the collected data and analyze the correlation and causal relationship between physical activity and health indicators. (3) Intervention research: Based on the analysis results, design and implement a physical activity intervention plan, and monitor the intervention effect in real time through big data. The study found that (1) physical activity is significantly correlated with health indicators such as body composition, mental health, and quality of life. (2) The physical activity intervention program implemented through the big data platform has achieved significant results in improving participants\u27 physical activity levels and health indicators. (3) Based on big data analysis, personalized physical activity intervention strategies for different populations have been proposed, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the intervention. This study confirms the positive impact of physical activity on health promotion through big data analysis and proposes a big data-based intervention strategy for physical activity. Big data technology provides new perspectives and methods for the study of physical activity and health promotion, which helps to develop more accurate and effective health promotion policies. At the same time, it focuses on the differences in physical activity needs among different background populations, explores more targeted intervention measures, and strengthens interdisciplinary cooperation
A011: The Influence of Family Factors on the Body Composition of Preschool Children
No full textDrawing on the socio-ecological model, this study examines the influencing factors of preschool children\u27s body composition at the family level, specifically parental body mass index (BMI), parental physical activity, and feeding habits. Using a structural equation model, it analyzes paths and effect sizes of different factors on various indices of children\u27s body composition, aiming to provide quantitative model parameters and theoretical and practical references for the precise health promotion of preschool children\u27s body composition. By cluster sampling, a total of 450 children aged 3–6 years were recruited from a Beijing kindergarten and assessed using the InBody J30 instrument. Relevant data were collected by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Basic Information Questionnaire for Young Children, and the Cronbach alpha reliability test was performed. The structural equation model was used to verify and analyze the path of the influencing factors of children\u27s body composition, and the appropriate dependent variable ind were selected according to previous studies, including bone mineral content (BMC), body fat percentage（BFP), fat free mass, (FFM, fat mass（FM), soft lean mass (SLM), total body water（TBW, and the relevant theoretical models of the influencing factors of preschool children\u27s body composition were constructed. All questionnaires yielded Cronbach’s alpha coefficients greater than 0.7, indicating data reliability. Paternal BMI had a positive effect on all the dependent variables included in this study, and most of the influence path coefficients were between 0.10.2, among which paternal BMI had a greater effect on children\u27s FM(β=0.21), while maternal BMI only had a positive effect on BFP(β=0.12), FFM(β=0.13), and FM(β=0.12). Paternal MVPA had a positive effect on FM(β=0.19 * 0.11 = 0.0209) and TBW(β=0.14 * 0.14 =0.0196) by influencing children\u27s MVPA, respectively, and maternal MVPA had a positive effect on TBW(β=0.11 * 0.14 = 0.0154) by affecting children\u27s MVPA, and the effect of feeding style on children\u27s body composition was mainly reflected in the three indexes of FFM(β=0.15)， FM(β=0.11) and SLM(β=0.14). Family factors are determinants of preschool children’s body composition. Parental BMI is not only directly related to children\u27s body composition but also indirectly affected by their own activity habits. Parents should pay attention to their BMI, maintain a healthy weight, and actively participate in moderate-to-high-intensity physical activities
A151: The Effect of Unstable Surface Training on Power in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textHigh-load resistance training is a common method for developing power, but it may interfere with adolescents\u27 bone development, increasing the risk of epiphyseal injuries and compensatory movements. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate alternative training methods that can enhance power development while safeguarding bone health. One promising approach is unstable surface training (UST), which enhances neuromuscular coordination and core stability while reducing joint stress. Although UST has demonstrated potential benefits in other areas, its effectiveness in improving power remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of UST on power development in adolescents and identify the optimal training parameters, thus providing an evidence-based solution for adolescents\u27 physical development. Method: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus for eligible studies from their inception to November 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of UST on power in adolescents were included. A meta-analysis was conducted for each outcome using a random-effects model for subgroup analysis and overall effect size estimation. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were performed in Stata 17.0, applying random-effects models, Cohen’s d correction for effect size estimation, I² statistics to assess heterogeneity, and Egger’s regression test to evaluate publication bias. We included 8 studies with 30 effect sizes and 877 participants. The results showed that unstable surface training had a small overall effect on power in adolescents (SMD = 0.24, p = 0.02). Subgroup analyses revealed three key factors: participants with over 2 years of training history showed greater benefits (SMD = 0.37, p = 0.005); combining unstable surface training with plyometrics had a synergistic effect (SMD = 0.36, p \u3c 0.001); and optimal parameters included a 25-minute session duration (SMD = 0.84, p = 0.007), 8-week intervention (SMD = 0.46, p = 0.009), and 3 sessions per week (SMD = 0.55, p = 0.042). Meta-regression analysis showed no significant moderating effects (p \u3e 0.05). UST significantly promotes power development in adolescents. For those with a foundation in systematic training, combining plyometric exercises with specific parameters (3 sessions per week, 25 minutes each, for 8 weeks) may produce optimal results. This study also confirms UST’s potential in sport science, suggesting further research is needed to refine and enhance training interventions
A150: Aerobic Exercise and Caloric Restriction Modulate Macrophage Polarization and NLRP3 in Liver Tissue of Obese
No full textTo investigate the effects of aerobic exercise, caloric restriction, and their combined intervention on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage M1/M2 polarization in the liver of db/db mice, and to elucidate their potential mechanisms in alleviating hepatic inflammation. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=8/group): control (CON), aerobic exercise (AE), caloric restriction (CR), and combined intervention (ECR). The AE group underwent treadmill running at 50%-55% VO2max for 1 h/day, 5 days/week. The CR group received 70% of the CON group’s daily food intake. The ECR group combined both interventions for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored weekly. Post-intervention, liver mass, lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), hepatic morphology (HE staining), lipid deposition (Oil Red O staining), and protein levels of iNOS, Arg-1, IL-1β, IL-10, NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase-1, and ASC (Western blot) were analyzed. Macrophage polarization was assessed via immunofluorescence (F4/80, CD86, CD206). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (significance levels: *p \u3c 0.05, **p \u3c 0.01) (1). CR, AE, and ECR groups exhibited significantly lower body weight than CON, with ECR showing the most pronounced reduction (p \u3c 0.05). (2) ECR significantly reduced TC and LDL-C levels compared to CON (p \u3c 0.05). (3) All interventions improved hepatic histology and lowered NAFLD activity scores (NAS), with ECR outperforming AE and CR (p \u3c 0.01). (4) CR and ECR reduced lipid droplet area, with ECR showing superior efficacy (p \u3c 0.01). (5) AE, CR, and ECR suppressed IL-1β and iNOS while elevating IL-10 and Arg-1, with ECR achieving the most significant effects (p \u3c 0.01). NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase-1, and ASC expression were markedly reduced in ECR versus CON and AE (p \u3c 0.05). (6) ECR decreased F4/80+/CD86+ (M1) co-localization and increased F4/80+/CD206+ (M2) co-localization compared to all groups (p \u3c 0.01). Conclusion: (1) Aerobic exercise primarily induces M2 polarization and anti-inflammatory cytokine upregulation, while caloric restriction suppresses M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory factors. The combined intervention demonstrated superior effects by integrating both mechanisms. (2) NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition correlates with improved macrophage polarization, with the combined intervention exerting stronger suppression on NLRP3 pathway proteins than individual interventions
A280: Physical Activity, Social Support, and Stress Among High School Students, Moderating Effects of Only-Child Status
No full textStress levels reflect an individual\u27s psycho-physiological imbalance in response to environmental demands. Research suggests that physical activity not only directly alleviates negative emotions but may also indirectly reduce stress levels by enhancing social support networks. However, the underlying mechanisms of this pathway and the moderating effects of family structure differences (e.g., only-child status) are unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and stress levels among high school students in Shandong Province, test the mediating role of social support between the two, and analyze the moderating effect of only-child status on the relationship. Method: The present study used the Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Quality-of-Life Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the SCL-90 Symptom Self-assessment Scale to survey 9504 senior high school students in Shandong Province. The Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficients of the questionnaires were tested to be above 0.9. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, mediation effect, and moderated mediation effect tests were used to analyze the data. The mean age of the respondents was 16.5 years, and 47.7% were female. The results found that (1) non-only children had significantly higher levels of stress and social support and lower levels of physical activity than only children (p \u3c 0.01); (2) the level of physical activity was a significant positive predictor of students\u27 social support (β=1.034, p \u3c 0.01), and a significant negative predictor of students\u27 stress levels (β=-0.736, p \u3c 0.01). (3) Considering the mediating role of social support, physical activity had an indirect effect on social competence through mental health status, with a mediating effect value of -0.662 (95% BootCI [-0.078, -0.058]), and the direct effect of physical activity was not significant after controlling for social support. Thus, social support played a fully mediating role between physical activity and stress levels. And different only child statuses played a moderating role in the relationship between physical activity and social support, and between social support and stress levels. The study suggests that adolescents\u27 level of physical activity has a significant positive impact on their social support and reduced stress levels. In addition, physical activity was a stronger positive predictor of social support among non-children, and their social support had a more significant mitigating effect on stress levels. The results reveal the resourcefulness of a multi-child family structure in adolescent sports socialization