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A252: Effects of Heavy Resisted Sprint Training on Acceleration and Kinematics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textAcceleration is a key determinant of performance in athletics and team sports (e.g., football, rugby). Resisted sprint training has gained significant attention as a method to enhance acceleration, typically through the addition of external resistance, such as sleds or resistance devices. Recent focus has been on heavy resisted sprint training (HRS), defined by resisted loads ≥30% body mass (BM) or ≥30% velocity decrement (Vdec). However, the long-term effects of HRS compared with non-resisted sprint training (NRS) on acceleration performance and kinematic adaptations remain inconclusive. This review with meta-analysis aims to review the current literature on intervention studies investigating the effects of HRS on acceleration performance and kinematics. This review with meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. Literature was searched up to and including December 30, 2024, using PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Inclusion criteria were applied: (1) a longitudinal study over a minimum of 4 weeks; (2) studies using resistance (sleds, towing devices) and load intensities of ≥30% BM or ≥30% Vdec; (3) measurement of acceleration(030m) measured in (s) with a minimum distance of 5 m, or kinematic changes such as stride length, stride frequency, contact time, and flight time; (4) peer-reviewed studies. Eleven studies were included in this review, assessing changes in acceleration performance and kinematics. Results showed that HRS enhanced stride length, stride frequency, and 10-m sprint performance (P \u3c 0.05low heterogeneity). HRS showed significant improvements in 10-m sprint performance compared to NRS. However, no significant improvement was observed in kinematics such as gait and joint angles (trunk angle, hip angle, and push-off angle) (P \u3e 0.05). Our findings align with existing literature, confirming that HRS provides an effective load stimulus for enhancing acceleration performance. Specifically, HRS significantly improves sprint performance in the initial 10 m of acceleration by optimizing stride length or frequency. Heavier loads can facilitate a more horizontal force application, contributing to improved acceleration. However, compared to NRS, the performance-enhancing benefits of HRS have not been demonstrated. Differences between studies were primarily attributed to the participants’ performance level, training duration, and cycles, and targeted sprint phases (start, acceleration, or maximal speed). We recommend individualizing optimal loads and training volumes based on athlete characteristics and sport-specific demands. Future research should focus on optimizing resistance load based on athletes\u27 initial speed and strength levels, as well as their training cycle phase
A256: A Strategic Study on Outdoor Sports Education in Kindergarten
No full textAs an important part of early childhood education, outdoor sports play a crucial role in children\u27s physical development, social adaptability, and creative thinking. By incorporating game elements into outdoor sports activities in kindergartens and understanding the genuine needs of children, we can design appropriate and engaging outdoor activities that not only promote the overall development but also enhance the quality of outdoor sports education in kindergartens. This study, based on the example of S Kindergarten in Nanjing, explores effective strategies for outdoor sports education in kindergartens under the context of curriculum gamification. The goal is to provide practical references for kindergarten educational practices and offer insights for the overall development of early childhood education in society. This study uses literature analysis, observation, and interviews to explore how to better integrate games into children\u27s outdoor sports education from multiple perspectives, such as those of children, teachers, parents, and the community. The study delves into the role of outdoor sports education in kindergartens and proposes targeted strategies to improve its quality. The paper first reviews relevant domestic and international studies to clarify the theoretical foundations of curriculum gamification and outdoor sports education. Then, through observations of the outdoor sports curriculum at S Kindergarten in Nanjing, it analyzes the current implementation status and existing problems. Next, based on interviews with teachers and activity records, it explores specific ways to apply gamification strategies in outdoor sports education. Finally, the optimized strategies were tested and evaluated through action research. There are many problems in the implementation of outdoor physical activities in kindergartens, such as a lack of diversity in space design, a lack of creativity in content selection, inadequate time allocation, and insufficient professional guidance from teachers. Based on the in-depth analysis of these issues, the study suggests that under the context of curriculum gamification, kindergarten outdoor sports education strategies should focus on creating engaging game scenarios, flexibility in rules, providing diverse materials, and receiving guidance and support from teachers, parents, and the community. Curriculum gamification can effectively improve the educational outcomes of outdoor sports in kindergartens, allowing children to exercise in an independent and joyful atmosphere, enhance their physical abilities, and foster cooperation and creativity
A226: The Application and Exploration of an AI Agent in Physical Education Teaching
No full textWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, AI-Agent, as a new type of educational technology tool, has gradually attracted widespread attention. As a system based on generative large-scale intelligent models, AI-Agent possesses core capabilities such as environmental perception, autonomous decision-making, and complex task execution. In the field of physical education, this technology holds significant application potential, particularly in personalized teaching, multimodal data processing, and enhancing teaching efficiency. However, current research on the application of AI agents in physical education is relatively scarce. This study explores the application of AI-Agent in physical education, analyzes its advantages, and investigates methods for constructing an AI-Agent system suitable for physical education, aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the digital transformation of physical education. Method: The case study method was adopted, with middle school football-specific teaching as the research object. AI-Agent was applied in teaching practice, and data and feedback information were collected. The research design involved detailed documentation and analysis of the process of building, applying, and optimizing the AI-Agent. Data collection methods included classroom observation, student feedback questionnaires, and teaching effectiveness evaluation. AI-Agent has significant advantages in physical education. It can provide personalized guidance and feedback based on students\u27 situations, enhancing their interest and participation. It supports multiple skill plugins in teaching, such as motion analysis and heart rate monitoring, and processes multimodal data. It can also design complex workflows based on data information and integrate local knowledge bases to generate precise teaching plans. Both students and physical education teachers are generally satisfied with the use of AI-Agent, believing that it can improve teaching efficiency and learning outcomes. AI-Agent can significantly enhance teaching quality and student experience in physical education. Through personalized teaching and multimodal data processing, it improves teaching efficiency and learning outcomes. However, there are still issues such as high technical requirements and limitations in data and network. Future research should focus on optimizing the functions and interactions of AI-Agent, exploring its application effects in different sports and teaching scenarios, and studying how to combine it with traditional teaching methods to improve teaching efficiency. This study provides new teaching tools and methods for physical education teachers, contributing to the digital transformation of physical education, improving teaching quality, and promoting the all-around development of students
A101: The Impact of Children’s Physical Activity on Physical Fitness: Mediating Effect Based on Parental Support
No full textThis study explored the impact of physical activity on the physical health of children and adolescents, to verify the direct relationship between physical activity and physical health, and to explore the mediating role of parental support for physical activity. Method: This study conducted a large-scale survey of 12,857 primary and secondary school students aged 818 in 6 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China, including Shanghai, Chongqing, Shandong, Fujian, Anhui, and Inner Mongolia. was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire-Children (PAQ-CN) and was divided into three groups based on classification rules: high physical activity level (PAQ \u3e 3) and moderate physical activity level (2 \u3c PAQ ≤ 3), and low physical activity level (PAQ ≤ 2). The Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire-Children (ASAQ-CN) was used to measure students\u27 overall sedentary activity time in the past 7 days (excluding learning time in cultural classes). Parent Physical Activity Support the Activity Support Scale Multiple Groups (ACTS-CN) was used to measure and calculate the scores of parents\u27 cognitive attitudes and supportive behaviors towards their children\u27s physical activity. The chi-square test was used to observe whether there was a significant association between the indexes and physical health of children and adolescents, and then the degree and direction of the influence of each factor on physical health were analyzed according to the OR the binary logistic regression modeltepwise regressiwas used to test the mediating effect of parental support on the relationship between physical activity and physical health. 1) There is a positive correlation between physical activity level and physical health (Bmedium=0.257Bhigh=0.549). Adolescents with moderate and high levels of physical activity have a 29.4% and 73.1% higher rate of excellent physical health than those with low activity levels (ORmedium=1.294, ORhigh=1.731), respectively. 2) Sitting for more than 4 hours overall lowers the rate of excellence (R4-6h=67.4%, R6-8h=64.7%, R8-10h=55.8%). 3) The mediating effect of maternal support between physical activity and physical health is 0.19, while that of paternal support is 0.138. 1) Improving physical activity levels can effectively promote the physical health of children and adolescents. 2) More than 4 hours poorer the physical health. 3) Parental support is an important mediating factor in promoting adolescents\u27 participation in physical activity and improving physical health
A108: Multidimensional Examination of the Construction of the educational Joint Community in School PE in China
No full textThe educational joint community (EJC) is a working mode that aims at the healthy and happy growth of primary and secondary school students. Taking schools as the core, regions as the main body, and resources as the link, it promotes effective collaboration among families, schools, and society. The construction of the EJC in school PE in China represents an inevitable choice for achieving high-quality development. It is also an inexorable trend in the pursuit of the national strategies of building a strong sports nation and an education nation. This development is not only in line with the current educational reform requirements but also crucial for enhancing the overall quality of students\u27 physical and mental health. This research adopts the documentation method, involving a thorough review of relevant literature, policies, and research reports, and the logical analysis method to systematically analyze the collected data. The results showed that the four dimensions of the Construction of EJC in Chinese school PE: (a) Awareness dimension: It features goal consistency, clear roles, mechanism synergy, resource sharing, and scientific evaluation. (b) Value dimension: It has values like accelerating education-based national development, enhancing national strength, optimizing sports resources, promoting population quality, and strengthening moral education. (c) Practical dimension: Both domestic and international practices focus on students\u27 health, emphasize PE\u27s role in personality building, and build a government-school-society synergy network. But differences exist due to various factors. (d) Construction dimensions: Key construction measures include establishing a multidimensional synergistic mechanism, improving the teacher team, building a digital sharing platform, creating a unique sports brand, and advancing the evaluation system. Conclusions/Discussion: EJC in school PE serves as an important practice for optimizing sports resources, enhancing the synergy of the main body, and improving students\u27 physical health. It shoulders the noble mission and responsibility of promoting the physical and mental health of young people and comprehensively enhances their well-being. In the future, it is necessary to closely monitor the new trends and demands in the development of sports and education in China. By constantly optimizing the working mode and service mechanism of EJC in school PE, we can better contribute to the healthy and comprehensive growth of primary and secondary school students. This requires continuous exploration, innovation, and cooperation among all relevant parties
A057: Research on High-Quality Development Path of Sports Tourism Boutique Projects in the Yellow River Basin
No full textBackground/Purposes: The boutique sports tourism initiative in the Yellow River Basin constitutes a comprehensive regional development strategy that integrates competitive events, scenic attractions, and travel itineraries across nine provincial administrations. The study aims to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics and explore the path of high-quality development of sports tourism boutique projects in the Yellow River Basin. (1) Through using the methods of mathematical statistics, 129 projects were selected for analysis, categorized under “scenic spot”, “line”, “event”, and “destination” of sports tourism boutique projects. The data sourced from the “China Sports Tourism Boutique Project” announced by the State Sports General Administration, Sports Culture Development Center, between 2021 and 2024. (2) Utilizing ArcMap analysis to leverage the spatial correlation and explore the spatial correlation between sports tourism boutique projects and geographical elements such as topography, transportation network, and tourism resources in the Yellow River Basin. (1) A total of 32 boutique projects located in the 50 km buffer zone, accounting for 24.8% of total projects. (2) The high-density core circle of sports tourism boutique destinations centered on Sichuan, Ningxia, Henan and Shandong, and the radiation range includes its surrounding areas; the boutique route mainly takes Sichuan Province as the high-density core circle and radiate to the southwest hinterland; the high-density core circle of boutique events is centered on the eastern part of Qinghai and spreads to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region; the scenic spots extend outward with Sichuan Province as the center. (3) The standard deviation ellipse analysis shows that the rotation angle of the standard deviation ellipse in the nine provinces of the Yellow River is 79; the ellipse angle of the boutique event is 70; the boutique destination is 78.5; the fine line is 85。. Conclusions/Discussion: (1) Sports tourism is aligned with the national strategic positioning of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. (2) There are differences in the provincial distribution of boutique projects in the nine provinces of the Yellow River. The overall distribution is clustered, and the space is unevenly distributed. Different types of boutique projects are concentrated in specific areas. (3) Suggestions: Strengthen top-level design and policy support, embed in the construction of the national Yellow River Cultural Park, integrate multiple development, and build a sports tourism cultural belt
A268: China Golf Research: A CiteSpace Knowledge Mapping Analysis of Current Trends
No full textThe year 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of golf’s development in China, presenting a critical juncture for systematically reviewing the sport’s progress. To commemorate this milestone, the China Golf Association (CGA) launched the ‘40 Years of Golf in China’ initiative, which primarily solicits literary and audiovisual works for promotional purposes. However, this campaign notably lacks a comprehensive synthesis of existing academic research on the subject. To address this gap, this study employs CiteSpace-based knowledge mapping to analyze the current state and emerging trends in scholarly research on golf in China. Method: This study utilized CSSCI-indexed journal articles from the CNKI database (2000–2023) with ‘golf’ as the search term. Employing bibliometric methods and CiteSpace 6.3 visualization software, it systematically analyzed the basic features of the distribution of articles, such as publication trends, core authors, and institutional collaboration networks etc. Techniques such as keyword co-occurrence and burst detection were applied to identify research hot spots and future directions. (1) Golf research in China (2000–2023) followed an inverted V-shaped trajectory. Four phases were identified: initial stage (2000–2004), growth stage (2005–2013), decline stage (2014–2018), and stabilization stage (2019–2023). (2) Price’s Law identified 13 core authors (N ≥ 2). Research institutions were dominated by sports-focused universities and institutes. (3) Keyword analysis revealed three key patterns: Strong project-centric focus. High attention to ‘sports management’ and ‘talent cultivation’. Comprehensive coverage across four domains: school sports, mass sports, competitive sports, and the sports industry. The emergent keyword ‘shotting effect’ (until 2023) suggests sports training may become a future priority. Current research on golf in China remains fragmented and insular, peaking in 2010–2014 with symmetrical trends before and after, with limited high-quality outputs. Author collaborations were sparse, with predominantly independent studies. Collaborative studies are notably lacking, and no stable academic network has yet formed. Future efforts should prioritize in-depth research on sports training to enhance technical proficiency in golf, thereby supporting its widespread adoption and high-quality development in China. Such advancements would contribute to the national ‘Healthy China’ initiative
A296: Pre-Event Perceptions and National Identity of Macau Residents Towards the 15th National Games of China
No full textUnder the one country, two systems framework, the construction of national identity among Macau residents is of significant interest. This study aims to fill the research gap by analyzing the relationships between pre-event perceptions, event support, event participation intentions, and national identity among Macau residents regarding the 15th National Games. A total of 400 valid samples were collected from Macau residents. A theoretical framework was constructed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationships between positive perceptions (POP), negative perceptions (NOP), event support (ES), event participation intentions (EPI), and national identity (NI). Data were measured using a Likert scale, and model fitting and analysis were conducted using Amos 26.0 software. The results indicate that positive perceptions significantly positively influence event support (β=0.421, p \u3c 0.05) and event participation intentions (β=0.462, p \u3c 0.05). In contrast, negative perceptions have significant negative event support (β=-0.220, p \u3c 0.05) and event participation intentions (β=-0.218, p \u3c 0.05). Event support significantly positively predicts national identity (β=0.508, p \u3c 0.05), while the impact of event participation intentions on national identity is not significant (β=0.363, p \u3e 0.05). The model shows a good fit (χ²/df=1.290, RMSEA=0.019, GFI=0.952, AGFI=0.944). SEM results demonstrate that all five mediating effect paths between positive/negative perceptions, event support, participation intentions, and national identity are significant. This study reveals the complex mediating mechanisms through which pre-event perceptions influence national identity via event support and participation intentions. Positive perceptions primarily enhance national identity through event support, while negative perceptions indirectly reduce national identity by weakening event support. Event support plays a critical mediating role between perceptions and national identity. This study provides practical guidance for the organizing committee of the National Games and related management institutions to optimize resident participation and strengthen national identity
Adaptive Oversight in Action: Proposing Context-Aware Governance for AI in Cybersecurity
Get PDFArtificial intelligence is increasingly woven into cybersecurity operations, shaping everything from threat detection to automated incident response. While these technologies improve speed and scalability, they also raise urgent questions about governance, ethical use, and operational risk. Although frameworks such as the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, IEEE\u27s Ethically Aligned Design, and OECD AI Principles each offer structure, they tend to address only parts of the problem. Most focus on compliance or ethics but rarely both, and few are tailored to the high-pressure, risk-sensitive environments found in cybersecurity.
To bridge these gaps, this research proposes a governance model called Context-Aware Governance (CAG). Rather than replacing existing frameworks, CAG acts as a complementary lens that aligns oversight with the mission, risk tolerance, and operational context of the organization. The model functions across three tiers (strategic, operational, and tactical) so governance can be scaled to match the decisions being made and the consequences of getting them wrong.
The design process included a comparative analysis of five leading frameworks, mapped against key governance criteria: technical control, ethical grounding, compliance support, operational applicability, and contextual adaptability. Using a radar chart, this analysis highlighted where the frameworks overlapped, and more importantly, where they left significant gaps. These findings were shaped further by insights drawn from cyber-resilient systems engineering, context-aware computing, and applied AI ethics. The resulting framework, CAG, was designed to reflect both theoretical grounding and operational need. A five-level maturity model illustrates how organizations can progress from fragmented oversight to a more adaptive and resilient approach. Practitioner feedback and expert interviews also informed the model, adding real-world relevance and validation.
At its core, this paper makes the case that effective AI governance cannot be built on static policy alone. Oversight must scale with system complexity, align with organizational mission, and remain agile as both technologies and threats continue to evolve. CAG supports that progression by helping organizations move toward governance practices that are not only ethically and legally sound, but also operationally effective
Sulfate Depletion as a Measure of Activity of Thermophilic Bacterial Endospores in Marine Sediments Impacted by Crustal Fluid Emission
No full textThe deep crustal biosphere is a harsh environment inhabited exclusively by microorganisms. How microbial life persists in this extreme habitat and the impact it may have on the global ocean ecosystem remain an enigmatic area of research with many unresolved questions. We aim to address some of these questions by studying the role of ecological dispersal in connecting the subsurface and surface environments using dormant endospores of thermophilic bacteria (thermospores) as a model organism. Sediment push cores were collected by a remotely operated vehicle along a transect near a permanently installed crustal fluid sampling platform at Juan de Fuca ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean. To activate the thermophilic endospores, incubation experiments were set up by adding artificial seawater media containing 20 mM sulfate to thecollected sediments. Sediment slurries were then pasteurized to eliminate the vegetative cells followed by incubation in anoxic conditions at two temperatures. Microbial activity was assessed by monitoring sulfate depletion in the slurries within a 14-day incubation period. Sulfate concentrations were monitored by ion chromatography with conductivity detection