Scientific Publishing Institute (SPI): E-Journals
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Evaluation of Return on Assets on Market Capitalization of Quoted Construction/Real Estate and Conglomerate Companies in Nigeria
Full text linkThe firm assets earning power has been a subject of discussion globally in relation to the value of a firm due to various decisions of managers and the effect it has on company’s performance. Various corporate actions and information about the companies are disseminated over time and studies have shown the effect on firms’ value. This study examined the effect of return on asset on market capitalization of listed construction/real estate and conglomerate companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. A sample of 8 construction/real estate and 5 conglomerate companies from a target population of 168 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) during the study period (2010-2018) was purposively drawn. The study used secondary data from the NSE, CBN and companies’ data on the Bloomberg Terminals. Validity and reliability were premised on the statutory audit of the financial statements. The data was analyzed using (Correlation and Regression) statistics. The findings in this study shows that return on asset has significant effect on the market capitalization of the selected quoted construction/real estate and conglomerate companies in Nigeria. This study recommends that the construction/real estate and conglomerate companies should create policies that will encourage proper utilization of its assets for a better return which will encourage investors and subsequently the firms’ value
Modern Management Accounting Practices for Large Manufacturing Enterprise in Lower Northern Provinces Group I Thailand
Full text linkThe rapidly increasing global and technological changes have given rise to the need of changing enterprise management. Therefore, modern management accounting practices (MAPs) are important for the enterprise and its manager to support the decision-making process, improve management activity, and help the operation effectively. Generally, the larger the organization, the greater the management's need for information. This work studies the modern MAPs that the enterprise applies, including barriers to the adoption. A descriptive study was performed in 10 large manufacturing enterprises in the lower northern provinces group I Thailand. Structured questionnaires and in-depth qualitative interviews with manager/ owner show that most large manufacturing enterprises are low level to apply for modern MAPs. Most large manufacturing enterprises prefer to use part of target costing, balanced scorecard, quality cost, and environmental management. All firms do not implement activity-based management and product life cycle costing. A few firms used the theory of constraint and just-in-time. Although those modern MAPs have not been fully applied and some modern MAPs are rarely or never used, managers are trying to apply modern MAPs slowly. However, the study also indicated that the managers have moderate satisfaction on current modern MAPs for decision making. Moreover, this study revealed that the key barriers limiting the implementation of modern MAPs were lack of employee skills/ training/ consultant about modern practices, high cost to implement, and no significant problems with current practices, respectively
Mortgage, Treasury, CD and Fed Funds Rates Spreads and Risk Premiums: How do They Impact Net Interest Margins?
Full text linkThis paper utilized FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data) data from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis to examine historical risk premiums between 30-year mortgages and 30-year T-Bonds and spreads between yields on these two assets and funding costs represented by 6-month CD rates and fed funds rates. Risk premiums were greatest and spreads were smallest (some-times negative) during the high interest rate environment during the late 1970’s and early 1980’s. Risk premiums got smaller after the two financial crises of the 2000’s (the September 11, 2001 attack and the 2008 mortgage crisis) and the spreads became larger after both when the Federal Reserve cut rates tremendously. Despite these variations in income/cost spreads, net interest margins (to both total assets and earning assets) remained relatively stable. Regression analysis shows the best predictor of historical net interest margins was the 30-year treasury yield in lagged and non-lagged models. These results suggest the ability of banks to choose fund sources and fund uses allows them to reduce variation in net interest margins even while interest rates are volatile
Impact of Double-Intake Programmes on the Teacher Co-Efficient Determinant of Quality Education at the University of Nairobi, Kenya
Full text linkThis research was carried out in order to determine the impact of double-intake programmes on the quality of education in the University of Nairobi in Kenya using the teacher coefficient measure. It had one objective and one research question. Using descriptive survey research design the target population consisted of 61,000 regular students enrolled in 43schools/faculties, 5,900 students in their fourth year of study and 2,000 teaching staff. Calmorin and Calmorin (2007) formula for scientifically determining sample size yielded a total of 489 respondents. Simple random sampling was used to select 251 fourth year students while stratified random sampling was used to select 238 teaching staff as actual respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires, document analysis, observation and interview. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26.The findings show that the number of students admitted overwhelmed both the academic and non-academic staff members who served them because the university accepted to engage in double intake programmes without considering an increase in the number of the staff members and this skewed student to faculty ratio led to degenerated service provision. Consequently, the research recommends that the university plans adequately for the number of staff required versus the anticipated students to be enrolled in future since a compromise in the student to faculty ratio will definitely have a negative impact on the quality of education
Performance Improvement of Non-Governmental Organisations through Financial Management: A Case study of Young Men's Christian Association of Ghana
Full text linkNon-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Ghana have a history of being short-lived. However, Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Ghana, on the other hand has achieved notable success by impacting millions of lives over 50 years of working in Ghana. Apparently, this research investigates into the key financial management practices of NGOs in Ghana using the case of YMCA Ghana. The study revealed that, the quality of Financial Management staff and their responsibility are the most effective financial management indicator in YMCA Ghana amongst all the other well-functioning indicators. Nevertheless, it is evident in the study that the challenge YMCA Ghana faces in its financial management practice is irregular external audit review of financial and accounting data. Therefore, it is recommended that frequent subscription for external audit services should be established in NGOs and also, cost effective monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning (MEAL) programme management framework should be adopted by NGOs in Ghana
Cost and Effects of Data Breaches, Precautions, and Disclosure Laws
Full text linkIn recent times the breach of security systems or cyber-attacks leading to unauthorized acquisitions of computerized data that compromises the security, confidentiality, and integrity of personally identifiable information by many organizations has grown. There is a general belief that data breaches and today’s organizational practices are axiomatically regarded as cause and effect. This paper addresses the cost of data breaches, disclosure laws, and precautions that have been instituted for many organizations and concludes that cybersecurity and data breach question is not “if” but “when” it might happen. Data has grown as one of the critical assets, and the absence of security protocols creates a vulnerability that can be misused by bad actors engaged in hacking and other forms of the data breach. This paper documents that the last decade experienced a phenomenal rise in the number of data breaches caused by hacking and the efficacy of disclosure laws that have been instituted by 48 states in the US. The frequency of data breach incidents has been alarming as billions of records have been breached and billions of dollars have been spent to mitigate those breaches, which could have been allocated for other projects. It is recommended that all organizations, big or small, have cybersecurity policies and a business continuity plan in place to deal with data breaches
Investigating the Validity and Reliability of a Scientific Imagination Test for Tenth graders
Full text linkThis research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Scientific Imagination Test (SIT) using the Rasch Measurement Model. SIT is a set of questions developed by the researchers based on the Integrated Engineering Design Process with Scientific Imagination Model. SIT was developed to evaluate the scientific imagination constructs among the tenth graders. SIT is a test consisted of two main open-ended subjective questions and 14 sub-items. Students’ scientific imagination was assessed based on the three stages of scientific imagination namely initiation, dynamic adjustment and virtual implementation; which consisted of four basic constructs respectively: brainstorming, association, transformation and elaboration, and conceptualization/organization/formation. The sample consisted of 65 Tenth Grade students aged 16 years old from two secondary schools in a district in Sabah, Malaysia. Overall, the findings showed that SIT has a very high reliability with Cronbach’s alpha (KR-20) value of 0.92. The findings also showed that SIT has excellent item reliability of 0.97 with separation value of 5.30. SIT also has a very good respondent reliability of 0.92 with separation value of 3.40. Meanwhile, the assessment on the item fit, respondent fit and unidimensionality established the construct validity of the SIT instrument. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the SIT instrument is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the scientific imagination of tenth graders
Antecedent of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Pakistan
Full text linkThe proposed present research study estimates the role of foreign direct investment in developing economies. This research study also determines the factors affecting foreign direct investment in developing countries. For this key purpose, we have collected time-series data from the official website of world development indicators, Pak economic survey & the state bank of Pakistan since 1981 to 2019. The autoregressive distributive lag model has been applied to evaluate the association among the variables. Afterward, the bond test has also been utilized to estimate the long-run relationships between dependent and predicted variables. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between gross domestic product growth and the trade deficit with foreign direct investment. Moreover, there has neither a positive nor negative association of the real rate of interest and tax rate with foreign direct investment. The current research study concludes that foreign direct investment inflows are significantly promoting developing economies
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Firm Performance in the Czech Republic
Full text linkThe business environment undergoes a number of changes due to the decisions made by the government and politicians of a particular country and this impacts the performance of the firms that operate in that business environment. In other words, the uncertainty in decisions of the government and politicians and the policies made by them impact the financial decisions of the firms. In this regard, the current study has been conducted to discover and examine the affect casted by EPU on the performance of the company within Czech Republic. Financial data has been collected from the public non-financial companies of Czech Republic. The data has been collected for the time of 29 years. The data gathered against the most reliable databases such as World Bank Development Indicators and Global Economy about the required variables. The GMM estimation technique was applied on the collected data and the results were obtained. The results obtained indicate that unreliability has significant as well as bad effect on the performance of the company and in opposite way; the interest rate has significant along with positive impact on firm’s performance. But the inflation rate’s impact is notable and rare only in case of net profit margin proxy of the performance of the company. Practical implication of the knowledge is for non-financial firms of Czech Republic and it might assist them in designing policies and regulations regarding the precautionary measures which can be taken in case of EPU so that the financial performance of the firms is not disturbed
Influence of Perceptions and Preparedness of Senior High School Teachers based on their Qualifications towards Professional Teacher Licensing in Ghana
Full text linkThe study sought to explore the influence of perceptions and preparedness of senior high school teachers based on their qualifications towards professional teacher licensing in Ghana. The study was motivated by three research hypotheses. A sample size of 278 senior high school teachers in Ashanti, Ghana region was selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analysed using independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA to answer the research hypotheses. The study revealed that male and female teachers had similar perceptions and preparation towards the teacher licensing. This was because male teachers did not differ significantly compared to their female counterparts on teachers’ perceptions and preparedness towards the teacher licensing in Ghana. The study also found that teachers who hold a bachelor degree have similar perceptions and perceived preparedness towards the teacher licensing policy compared to certificate ‘A’, diploma, and post-graduate degree holders. This is because one-way between-groups ANOVA test shows that the teachers did not differ statistically in their perceptions and perceived preparedness towards teacher licensing in Ghana in relation to teacher qualification. The study recommended that outreach unit of GES should use the mass media and profession development to help teachers have answers to their questions about the policy. The study again recommended that GES and teacher unions should use professional development programmes to educate and prepare teachers for the implementation of the policy