Scientific Publishing Institute (SPI): E-Journals
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CEO Tenure and Financing Decisions of Nigerian Non-Financial Listed Firms: A Dynamic Panel Approach
Get PDFAccess to long-term debt has been a persistent problem facing Nigerian non-financial listed firms. The existing literature suggests that CEO tenure has a bearing on the ability of firms to secure a considerable amount of borrowings to finance their investment opportunities. However, Nigeria’s corporate governance framework does not contain a specific recommendation on the CEO tenure, which in turn results in an unstable tenure of CEOs in the Nigerian corporate environment. Thus, this paper examines how CEO tenure influences the financing pattern of the companies operating in the country. The study analysed the balanced panel data set of 63 Nigerian listed firms for seven years (2012- 2018) using the two-step system GMM. In particular, the research found that CEO tenure is significantly and positively associated with the firms’ leverage ratio. This evidence underscores the relevance of the CEO tenure on the borrowing decisions of the Nigerian non-financial listed firms. The findings of this research have some policy implications on the firms’ capital structure choices. First of all, the Nigerian firms should attach more value to the longer serving CEOs, because longer tenure enhances CEOs’ strategic decisions, including the choice of optimum leverage. Also, regulatory authorities in Nigeria should specify the number of years CEOs should serve. By doing so, CEOs will have a stable term in office and thereby empowering them in collaboration with their board members to design an effective debt policy to boost the firms’ value
The Effect of Job Characteristics towards the Organizational Commitment of the Employees
Get PDFOrganization today are facing both the development of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 and also the implication of millennial workforce. The objective of this research is to analyze and develop the human resource management in the organization in order to find out the engagement of the millennial workforce commitment to the organization and to find out the impact of the employee turnover intention within the organization. The research in done through the distribution of questionnaire, and the population of this research is consisted of the employees in a local IT provider company in Jakarta, Indonesia. This research is performed by using descriptive and verification method, the descriptive method is based on observation analysis and the verification method is based on quantitative analysis. The sample determination was done through Non-Probability (Random Sampling) and the tool of analysis is using Partial Least Square (PLS). The population of this research is based on 350 employees of an IT provider company in Jakarta, Indonesia. The result indicated that job characteristics have higher significant influence on organizational commitment compared to career development that effect the turnover intention of employees. Organizational commitment has a significant effect on employee turnover intention. This means that in order to counter the turnover intention of the millennial employees, the organization must develop proper job characteristics to suit the millennial workforce which might be useful to help overcome the research phenomenon
Effectiveness of Using Electronic Exams in Assessment in Saudi Universities: Empirical Study
Get PDFThe present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of electronic exams in assessing students at Saudi universities from the perspective of the students. A five point Likert questionnaire was used and a descriptive analytical approach was adopted. Through the purposive sampling method, the researcher selected a sample consisting from 370 male and female students. Those students were selected from various faculties at Prince Sattam bin Abed Al-Aziz University in Al-Salil, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire forms were distributed by hand to all of the selected students. All of the form were filled and retrieved. However, 357 form are considered valid for analysis. SPSS program was used. The researcher found that electronic exams play an effective role in assessing students in Saudi universities from the students’ perspective. It was found that e-exam is capable of assessing students’ amount of knowledge effectively. It was found that e-exam enables instructors to save their effort. It was found that e-exam hinders students from committing acts of cheating
Capital Structure and Firm’s Profitability: Evidence From Listed Consumer Goods Sector in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of capital structure on profitability of consumer goods firms in Nigerian for a period of eight years (2011-2018). Data of ten (10) randomly selected listed firms of the Nigeria Stock Exchange were derived from the firms’ published financial reports for the period covered. The panel regression results revealed that Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR) is positively significant on Return On Asset(ROA) (Proxy for profitability),while other proxies of capital structure shows that Debt to Equity(DER), Liquidity Ratio(LIQ), are not statistically significant, Short Term Debt to Total Asset Ratio (SDTA) shows a negative connection, Firm Size (FS) has a weak correlation with profit and Long Term Debt to Total Asset Ratio (LDTA) do not influence firms’ profitability of the consumer goods sector of Nigeria economy. In conclusion, capital structure influences the profitability of consumer goods sector of Nigerian Stock Exchange. It was recommended that firms in that sector should leverage on debt financing to boost their earnings as interest payment on debt is tax deductible
The Influence of Tax Compliance and Earnings Quality on Financial Performance (Evidence from Indonesia and Thailand)
Get PDFThis study aims to analyse the effect of tax compliance and earnings quality on financial performance. Information on financial performance is needed by management for evaluating and determining targets, while external parties use it for various purposes. Several studies have found the effect of tax and earnings quality on corporate financial performance, with different results. Using 332 Indonesian and Thai manufacturing companies from 2014 to 2017 as a sample, this study did not find the effect of earnings quality on financial performance. In addition, a significant effect of tax compliance was found on financial performance. This result explains that tax has an important role in the sustainability business, therefore that management attention is needed in tax policy making so that it does not have a negative impact on the company. With the finding that tax compliance has a negative effect on financial performance, it is clear that there are still many taxpayers who have not utilized the taxation facilities from the government that should support the company's financial performance
Assistive Technologies and Academic Success for Students with Dyslexia: A Literature Review
Get PDFAccording to research, one in ten school-aged children is diagnosed with dyslexia (Shaywitz (2008) as cited in Wang et al. (2018)) and “15-20% of the population as a whole may have symptoms of dyslexia” (Cowen, 2016). With so many students impacted, what does research provide about the assistive technologies available to aide students diagnosed with dyslexia in academic success? This literature review was conducted to determine affordances for students of all ages who could use modern technology to become more successful at reading, writing, spelling, and language comprehension. Helping students succeed in compulsory education could afford students with dyslexia the opportunity for successful academic attainment in higher education. Research indicates “people with dyslexia are vastly under-represented in universities” (MacCullagh, Bosanquet, & Badcock, 2017). The opportunity for all students to have an equitable education should be a fundamental right and the following literature review analyzes the assistive technologies available to allow students with dyslexia to thrive in an educational setting
How Does Uncertainty in Economic Policy React to Oil Price Shocks in Australia?
Get PDFAfter the financial crisis and during the recession, the concept of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) received a significant amount of attention from researchers and policymakers. The variations in the uncertainties of such policies have been found to have a strong impact on certain economic factors, such as investments and inflation. Investors are most affected by this uncertainty, as they have no clear idea how their investment decisions will impact the economy. In light of this, the researcher has designed this study to explore and analyze the impact of oil price shocks (OPS) in Australia on EPU. Two categories of OPS have been taken into account: oil supply shocks (OSS) and oil shocks (OS) as a result of global demand (GD). The data collected in this study is a time series that covers a period of 28 years in total. Following the data collection, the researcher applied different techniques and tests—the most important of which was a Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model. The results of the current study, which were obtained through the application of a VAR model, indicate that the impact of OPS on EPU varies depending on the time period. In the short-term, the impact is positive; however, in the medium-term, the impact becomes negative and, in the long-term, this impact becomes positive and significant agai
An Investigation on the Effectiveness of Forensic Audit as a Tool for Fraud Detection and Prevention
Get PDFThere has been a rapid increase in the number of fraud and corruption cases despite statutory audits being carried out. This led to the rise in demand for forensic auditing services and in response audit firms began offering this service. The audit firms however suffer from lack of adequate resources, training, knowledge and practical experience. Taking into consideration the impact of these factors this research sought to investigate the effectiveness of forensic audit as a tool for the detection and prevention of fraudulent activities using a Chartered Accountancy Company in Zimbabwe as a case study. The research utilized a mixed approach whereby quantitative data was gathered from closed ended questions quantified using the Likert scale. Qualitative data was gathered from open ended questions and 3 interviews were also conducted. A total of 20 questionnaires were distributed using random sampling, 19 were returned and one lost in the process. To analyze the data the multiple regression method was employed and data was presented using bar graphs and tables supported by explanations. The research revealed that there is a positive relationship between training, level of education and ability to detect and prevent fraud. It was also found that litigation support service has a huge role to play in the effectiveness of forensic auditing in detecting and preventing fraud. Recommendations were made towards increase in training sessions as well as engaging in training and development programs to fully equip auditors with knowledge
How Effective is Monetary Policy in the Presence of High Informality in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigates whether the existence of high informality in Nigeria dampens effective transmission of monetary policy variation to retail rates. Using time series data from 1981-2018, the study adopts ARDL model to estimate both the long and short-run impacts of a high informal economy on the effectiveness of monetary policy. Findings reveal that changes in monetary policy rate has a significant positive impact on retail rates and that, without accounting for informality in the long-run, the transmission of monetary policy to commercial banks' average lending rate is about 95 percent. In addition, the study finds that, in the long-run, informality dampens the effectiveness of monetary policy in Nigeria through the interest rate channel by at least 72 percentage points. The authors, therefore, conclude that high presence of informality in Nigeria dampens the effectiveness of the monetary policy and that the size of the informal economy and commercial bank lending rate are positively related
Degree of Educational Portal Use in the Schools of the Future from its Teachers' Perspective
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to reveal the degree of educational portal use in His Majesty King Hamad's project for schools of the future from its teachers' perspective in the light of gender variable, qualification variable, variable of experience in teaching, and training courses variable. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a questionnaire was designed meticulously and was validated before use. The research sample was composed of 340 teachers, randomly selected from the teachers of His Majesty King Hamad's Project for Future Schools in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The results of the study showed a high degree of the educational portal use in His Majesty King Hamad's project for schools of the future from its teachers' perspective. The results indicated that there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the sample estimates for the degree of educational portal use as a system for e-learning management in future schools attributed to the variables of gender and experience in teaching, while there are statistically significant differences attributable to qualification variable, training courses and the interaction between them. The study recommended the necessity of holding more courses and training workshops on how to employ the educational portal in various educational and administrative aspects, the necessity of providing teacher's Guides that explain how to use the educational portal in the educational process