Journal of Science and Application Technology (JSAT - Institut Teknologi Sumatera)
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Simulasi Terbentuknya Gelombang Permukaan Akibat Adanya Longsoran Bawah Laut (Metode Lax- Friedrich)
No full textThe problem studied in this paper is the formation of surface waves due to underwater landslides. The shallow water wave equation is employed to study the phenomenon. The equation is solved numerically by using the Lax-Friedrich method. The numerical result show that this method is able to simulate the generation of surface wave due to underwater landslide
k-Means Clustering to Enhance the Petrified Wood Composition Data Analyses and Its Interpretation
Get PDFGeologically, the fossilization of wood materials into fossils requires appropriate conditions, some of which have been preserved for millions of years. In nature, the organic mass of wood must be quickly replaced by inorganic elements before it decomposes under harsh geological conditions. Anorganic oxides such as silica-oxide, are known to be the main components of most wood specimens (up to 80%). The presence of alkaline oxides such as sodium and potassium oxide seems to play a major role in the presence of dissolved silica during petrification. However, their significance in the petrification phenomenon that occurs in fossilized plant wood is not yet known. Therefore, in this study, cluster analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the presence of silica and alkaline compounds in petrified wood fossils. The approach used was -means clustering supported by the Elbow Method, which aims to review and order a complex set of data into subsets, thus allowing interpretation. The results showed that the clustering of the fossil wood composition data was optimal at = 3. There is a fair correlation between the presence of silica and alkali oxide compounds (-0.504 to -0.387), as well as with another inorganic compounds (+0.957). The presence of sodium and potassium is strongly correlated during silicification (+0.905). Additionally, the results of data clustering made the wood fossilization process susceptible to describe, especially through data regression. The data visualization provides more facts and proper explanations of the role of alkaline oxides in wood silicification. This study furthers our understanding of wood fossilization, especially the diagenesis of wood chemical composition in geological history
A Characteristics of water column of westhern waters of Lampung: ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK FISIK PERAIRAN BARAT LAMPUNG
No full textStratifikasi massa air pada suatu suatu perairan dapat disebabkan oleh perbedaan kerapatan massa air yang dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan salinitas. Kerapatan massa air akan meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya kedalaman. Perairan barat Sumatera, khususnya perairan barat perairan lampung merupakan perairan yang berinteraksi langsung dengan Samudera Hindia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah akusisi dan analisis data Argo float yang berlokasi di perairan Barat Lampung dengan posisi geografis 102°BT-105°BT dan 4°LS-6°LS. Visualisasi dan pengolahan data menggukan perangkat lunak ODV (Ocean Data View). Pengolahan data dilakukan di laboratorium Teknik Kelautan, Institut Teknologi Sumatera. Analisis stratifikasi perairan dilakukan dengan menggunakan ambang batas suhu dan gradien suhu terhadap kedalaman, karakteristik massa air ditentukan dengan diagram T-S serta dilakukan analisis kestabilan massa air. Hasil penelitian menunjukan suhu rerata pada lapisan tercampur berkisar 28.7-29.85 °C. Analisis menurut musim menujukankan bahwa pada Musim Peralihan I, lapisan tercampur memiliki ketebalan lapisan yang lebih besar. Nilai salinitas secara musiman memperlihatkan musim peralihan I dan musim timur nilai salinitas pada lapisan tercampur > 34 psu. Distribusi vertikal densitas secara musiman memperlihatkan pada musim timur nilai densitas pada lapisan tercampur berkisar 21.32 – 24 Kg/ m3. Analisa diagram T-S menunjukan tipe massa air yang dapat ditemukan pada perairan Barat Sumatera yakni pada lapisan permukaan ditemukan BBW, IEW, IUW dan SICW dengan variasi nilai isopiknal dari 21-27 Kg/m3 dengan variasi nilai suhu berkisar 8-30 °C dan nilai salinitas berkisar 33.1-35.2 psu
Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan terhadap Struktur Amorf dan Sifat Fisik Nira Kelapa Serbuk dengan Penambahan Maltodeksrin
Get PDFSources of sucrose or food with high sugar content in Indonesia is sap/nira. Processed innovations from coconut sap besides brown sugar, can be made into powdered sugar. Powdered sugar can be crystalline or amorphous. One of the advantages of amorphous structures in high sugar products is the bright color and more soluble in water. Amorphous powdered coconut sugar in its manufacture has constraints, one of which is stickiness. This is because coconut sap is a food ingredient with high sugar content and has a low glass transition temperature of around 62°C, so it is necessary to add maltodextrin with a Tg value of 135-140°C to increase the value of the product's glass transition. In addition, the impact of the drying rate will affect the resulting structure. This research focuses on testing coconut sap powder with the addition of maltodextrin with a temperature comparison during the drying process. Where the temperature used is 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C using a vacuum dryer. Data analysis was carried out, namely the amorphous-crystalline structure test, hygroscopicity rate test and color test. The resulting data shows that the higher the temperature used, the higher the amorphous structure that is formed, and also has an impact on the hygroscopicity rate and color intensity
The Effect of Acidity Condition (pH) on The Color Change of Anthocyanin Compound from Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea)
No full textAn Indonesian plant called the butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is being cultivated to take advantage of the antioxidant properties of its anthocyanin concentration. Several solvents must be used to acquire anthocyanins from butterfly pea flower extract during the extraction procedure. Flowers have many various anthocyanin compositions and exhibit a range of colors. These color differences are utilized in food and beverages as natural colorants. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the anthocyanin chemicals in butterfly pea flowers respond to acidic conditions in terms of color stability. The extraction was placed over the course of 18 hours with an ethanol solvent at a 60% concentration, and it was evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 60°C. Anthocyanin extract of Butterfly pea flower was examined to investigate how pH changes affected color. The anthocyanin extract that had been obtained was subjected to acidity tests at pH 1 to 14. Anthocyanins become more stable in an acidic or low pH environment, giving an object its red color. While this continues, greater anthocyanin pH values will cause blue color fading. When anthocyanins have a high or low pH, it significantly affects food coloring
STABILITY AND IRRITATION TESTING USING THE PATCH TEST METHOD OF A COMBINATION GEL FORMULATION CONTAINING ALOE VERA AND BASIL LEAF EXTRACTS
Get PDFAloe vera and basil leaves have been recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Combining these extracts into a gel formulation offers convenience in application. However, research concerning potential irritations associated with its use remains limited. This study aims to assess irritation in humans resulting from the application of a gel formulation containing basil and aloe vera extracts using patch testing. The gel formulation is prepared with a 2% concentration of the extracts, with a 1:1 ratio of basil to aloe vera extracts. Optimization is achieved by varying carbopol concentrations and the final pH of the gel formulation. The parameters used for determining the optimal formula include organoleptic characteristics, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and pH of the formulation. The optimal formula is subsequently subjected to stability testing over four weeks and irritation testing using patch methods. A total of 25 volunteers are involved in the irritation testing. Observations are made up to 72 hours after the removal of the formulation to ensure the absence of delayed irritation effects. Aloe vera and basil extractions using ethanol as a solvent yield sequential yields of 1.7% and 3%, respectively. Quality evaluation for Formulations I (FI), II (FII), and III (FIII) includes spreadability, adhesiveness, and viscosity, as follows: (4.1 cm; 5.4 seconds; 5504 mPa.s); (6.5 cm; 4.1 seconds; 3480 mPa.s); and (5.2 cm; 4.2 seconds; 6340 mPa.s), respectively. FII is selected as the optimal formula because it exhibits wider spreadability and lower viscosity compared to FI and FIII (P <0.05). Stability testing for FII shows that the formula remains stable during storage for all quality testing parameters (P > 0.05). The Primary Irritation Index (PII) for FII has a value of 0.0216, indicating that it does not cause irritation during patch testing
Simulasi Pergerakan Dana Tabarru Produk Asuransi Jiwa Unit Link Syariah
Get PDFPremi or known as Contributions in sharia insurance are part of tabbaru fund which is paid by participants. Tabarru’ has puposes to provide the "benevolent funds" with the sincere intention of helping each other among fellow "takaful" participants when one of them suffers a misfortune, such as death. These funds provided by insurance participants will be used to pay claims or insurance benefits by insurance companies. A sharia insurance company is considered doing well financially when tabbaru's funds are well managed to paid the insurance claim. In addition, the company must have sufficient funds to overcome the underwriting deficit in case it happen. This study aims to simulate the adequacy of a company's tabarru’ funds in each period, assuming there is no change in the number of participants during that period. The simulation results can conclude the adequacy of tabarru funds to pay participant claims. Sum of tabarru’ funds are calculated based on the sum of each participant's tabarru’ contribution, which is affected by each sharia-linked unit life insurance product and the participant's policy period. The tabarru’ fund sufficiency simulation is predicted using the IMA(2,1) time series model. The results of this study conclude that the average tabarru funds for each product will be used up in the following year with the criteria of the number of people making claims of not less than five participants. In this study, we found that the company can survive if the number of claims paid from the tabarru' fund with participants tabarru' fund contributions is balanced
Identifikasi Intrusi Air Laut Berdasarkan Parameter Fisik-Kimia Airtanah Daerah Pesisir Lateri, Kota Ambon
Get PDFDaerah penelitian berada di pesisir Desa Lateri yag terletak di Kecamatan Teluk Ambon Baguala, Provinsi Maluku. Daerah ini merupakan daerah pemukiman yang sumber air bersih berasal dari airtanah, namun daerah ini tidak terlepas dari permasalahan fenomena intrusi air laut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kondisi airtanah dan mengidentifikasi intrusi air laut berdasarkan parameter fisik-kimia airtanah Daerah pesisir Lateri. Studi hidrogeologi mengenai airtanah terutama parameter fisik- kimia airtanah, seperti TDS, DHL, salinitas, pH dan rasio Cl/HCO3 dapat dilakukan untuk menganalisis kondisi hidrogeologi dan identifikasi intrusi air laut pada Daerah pesisir Lateri. Geologi Daerah Lateri terdiri dari dua formasi, yaitu formasi batugamping koral dan batuan gunung api Ambon, batuan tersebut juga tersingkap di Daerah Lateri. Kedua formasi tersebut menunjukkan tipe akuifer bebas dengan batugamping koral sebagai akuifer dan batuan gunung api Ambon sebagai akuifug. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tiga fasies airtanah yaitu Ca-HCO3, Ca(Mg)-Cl dan Na-HCO3. Sedangkan untuk parameter TDS, DHL dan salinitas menunjukkan terdapat dua sampel yang terindikasi telah mengalami intrusi air laut dengan tingkat yang tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Serta berdasarkan analisis kimia, Fasies Ca(Mg)-Cl merupakan fasies yang airtanahnya terkontaminasi air laut atau mengalami fenomena intrusi air laut
Condition of Coral Reef in Kelagian Besar Island
Get PDFThe coral reef ecosystem plays many important roles for society. One of the its role is as a tourist attraction. Kelagian Island lies near Pahawang island which is the major attraction of marine tourism in Lampung. This position makes Kelagian Island the most potential alternative island after Pahawang Island. However, sufficient information about the coral condition and profile in Kelagian Island has yet to support this potential. For that reason, a study about coral reef conditions on Kelagian island must be conducted to provide information and support the possibility of tourism development on Kelagian island. This study was conducted in August 2022 using Point Intercept Transect (PIT) in three different sites on Kelagian Island. Coral reef condition in 3 meter depth were generally in good condition, meanwhile in 7 meters depth coral reef condition were in medium state. There were 22 genera found in Kelagian island. Acropora and Porites were found dominating three meter depth. On the other hand in seven meter of depth, Goniopora and Favia were abundantly found. Diversity index, Evenness, and Dominance Index in Kelagian Island are 2,29-2,49 (medium), 1-0,83 (stable), and 0,12-0,15 (low) respectively