Spiru Haret University: Open Journal Systems
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UTILITY MAXIMIZATION OF BANGLADESHI CONSUMERS WITHIN THEIR BUDGET: A MATHEMATICAL PROCEDURE
Full text linkA consumer is considered as a person or a group of people who uses purchased goods, products, or services only for personal use, and not for manufacturing or resale. Consumers usually purchase valuable and useful commodities or goods by spending all or partial of their income. The property of a commodity that enables it to satisfy human wants is called utility. Producers must be conscious to increase the utility among the consumers. This study has considered the maximization of utility problem of consumers of Bangladesh subject to two constraints; namely, budget constraint and coupon constraint. Consequently, in the study two Lagrange multipliers are used and interpreted these with mathematical analysis. Prediction of consumer behavior will help both producers and consumers to take decision of their future economic productions and consumptions, respectively. This article is ornamented with sufficient theorems and economic analyses. So that all the readers find interest when go through the economic analysis of utility maximization
DETERMINATION of FINANCIAL LITERACY LEVEL: A STUDY on HITIT UNIVERSITY FACULTY of ECONOMICS and ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES STUDENTS
Full text linkFinancial literacy is the level of financial knowledge, attitude and behavior that enables individuals to manage their income, expenses and assets in a way that does not cause financial problems both today and in the future. As individuals' financial literacy levels increase, unnecessary consumption and waste of resources will decrease and the efficiency of investments will increase. Increasing the level of financial literacy will ensure a more balanced formation of asset prices in financial markets and prevent the formation of price bubbles in the markets. Today, financial markets around the world are almost integrated, financial transactions have become possible quickly through portable electronic devices. In this environment, the difference in welfare between individuals and societies with financial literacy and individuals and societies without financial literacy has increased more than in any other period in history. In this study, it is aimed to measure the financial literacy level of the students of Hitit University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences located in the province of Çorum. The data of the study were obtained from a questionnaire with the participation of 400 students studying in 5 different departments. By using the percentages of the correct answers given to the questions, success scores were created on the basis of departments. With the help of the T-test and ANOVA tests, the relationship between students' financial literacy and whether they use department, gender, class and credit card was determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that there are significant relationships between the departments and classes in which students study and their financial literacy, and no significant relationships were found between their credit card and internet banking usage and gender and financial literacy
The Determinants of Income Equality in Bangka Belitung Province
Full text linkAbstract. The income distribution phenomenon in Bangka Belitung Islands Province during the 2007-2018 period became the basis for analyzing the determining variables of income distribution including the industrial sector, the agricultural sector, the trade sector, and the industrial labor productivity. We measured the income distribution indicator from the Gini coefficient value used the Panel Data Regression approach to determine the effect of these variables on the Gini coefficient in all regencies/cities in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The results showed that the determinant of the income distribution was the agricultural sector. Further findings prove that the agricultural, industrial, and trade sectors improved income distribution.Keywords: Income Inequality, industrial sector, agricultural sector, industrial labor productivit
COST CUTTING MEASURES AT COOPERATIVE BANKS IN GERMANY AS A RESULT OF DIGITALIZATION AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
Full text linkThe banking market in Germany is facing big challenges due to digitalization. The digital transformation is significantly influenced by technological progress and the low-interest phase. The article deals with the group of cooperative banks, which consists of many individual cooperative credit institutions. Cooperative banks are credit institutions whose objective, according to their statutes, is the economic promotion of their members through joint business operations. The traditional classical business model is traditionally based on personal customer contact. More mergers are to be expected in the banking sector in the coming years. The process of branch closures and staff reductions is also inevitable. Although the role of branches is up for discussion, they are increasingly falling victim to increased cost pressures. These changes have an impact on many aspects of how bank customers demand, evaluate and ultimately purchase financial services. In recent years, it has become clear that banks lack a clear strategy. The aim should be that the strategy does not focus exclusively on cost cutting, such as branch closures and staff reductions. The main purpose of this research is to investigate whether these cost cutting measures in cooperative banks are operationally justified in relation to the available operating profit, cost income ratio and return on equity. The results of this article may be relevant for researchers dealing with the Digital Transformation in the banking sector in Germany.
Quality and reflecting of financial position: an enterprises model through logistic regression and natural logarithm
Full text linkThe present study entitled "Quality and reflecting of financial position: an enterprises model through logistic regression and natural logarithm", determines the confirmatory effects of PRF analysis, to assess the position or condition of enterprises in the market. The business environment for enterprises shows the diversity of economic activity, but in one form or another they are interconnected, and their main purpose more specifically of the finance and accounting department, is to compile statements and financial reports (PRF) with reliable data where through them the enterprise looks at its financial position and orientation for better decision-making. The data of this research was based on primary and secondary data, such as interviews conducted in 100 enterprises and analysis of published PRFs. To achieve the purpose of the research from the interview and data, three categories of PRFs were used for testing the study hypothesis. Results from data processing in SPSS & R program, through tests and techniques within logistic regression and natural logarithm clearly show that there is an important relationship between the dependent variable and the independent ones and that large enterprises have a better financial position than small enterprises and the bankruptcy of small enterprises is greate
THE IMPACT of GLOBALISATION on EMPLOYMENT STATUTE RELATED to EMPLOYERS in ZIMBABWE
Full text linkGlobalisation led to the reduction of barriers between countries and intensified international interdependency such that developments unfolding in a faraway country now affect the rest of the world in economic, political and social aspects (Giddens, 1990). The Zimbabwean labour market and its national labour legislation have not been spared from the impact of globalisation. Zimbabwean labour legislation had had several amendments from its inception in 1985 to date. The amendments done at each epoch had caused a serious outcry from both labour and business with the main accusations arising from unions who claimed that the effects of globalisation and the government’s desire to lure foreign direct investment (FDI) led to a serious bias towards employers. It is against this background that this article’s objective is to interrogate the impact of globalisation on labour legislation for employers. The article adopted a qualitative paradigm and made use of interviews and participants' memoirs to understand this phenomenon. Results were analysed thematically by use of both Nvivo 10 and manual coding. Results showed that globalisation has an impact on labour legislation for employers. Foreign direct investment and special economic zones were identified as drivers of globalisation responsible for positive impact on labour legislation for employers by influencing deregulation of unfriendly employment laws, instituting flexible contract of employment, easy termination of contracts of employment, and giving immunity from dictates of the labour laws for employers operating in special economic zones. The positives of globalisation for employers resulted in direct negatives for employees. The article recommends that employers need to put into context both globalisation dynamics and dictates of the labour legislation to ensure employee dignity and fair globalisatio
Difference in Funding Decision Based on the Growth Potential of the Company in Indonesia
Full text linkThe purpose of the study, The research objective was to To find out the differences in funding decisions between companies that have high growth potential and companies that have low growth potential. Research is a quantitative study. Mean difference test is preceded by Common Factor Analysis to analyze which factors in the Investment Opportunity Set can represent the growth ratio of the company so that it can be used to separate companies with high and low growth potential. Furthermore, the analysis is carried out with a regression model to determine the difference in funding decisions on the growth potential of different companies. The results showed that The consumer goods industry and mining sector sectors that have not proven to be significant are the differences in funding decisions between companies that have the potential to grow high and those with low growth potential. In other sectors, it is evident that there are significant differences in funding decisions between companies that have the potential to grow high and those with low growth potential
Quantitative Research: A Successful Investigation in Natural and Social Sciences
Full text linkResearch is the framework used for the planning, implementation, and analysis of a study. The proper choice of a suitable research methodology can provide an effective and successful original research. A researcher can reach his/her expected goal by following any kind of research methodology. Quantitative research methodology is preferred by many researchers. This article presents and analyzes the design of quantitative research. It also discusses the proper use and the components of quantitative research methodology. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables and generalize results from a larger sample population by the way of generating numerical data. The purpose of this study is to provide some important fundamental concepts of quantitative research to the common readers for the development of their future projects, articles and/or theses. An attempt has been taken here to study the aspects of the quantitative research methodology in some detail
The Scientific Research on motivation for learning as an important element of social and economic sciences in the context of sphere of security and defense
Full text linkThis article gives a brief overview of a study conducted on motivation for learning as an important element of social and economic sciences in the context of the sphere of security and defense. The research is an important scientific work of the author and was developed in the period 2012-2018. At present, its results have been approved, considered appropriate and acceptable, and are applied at the National Military University in Bulgaria.
Toward Sustainable Power Supply and Consumption of an Emerging Economy (Nigeria)
Full text linkElectricity supply offers significant and immense benefits to human society, and it is instrumental in driving economic growth, increased standard of living and technological developments. Its sustainable supply and consumption is related to many ecological discussions, and thus, present emphasis on renewable sources, such as solar and hydro. In Nigeria, however, challenges associated with electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption have not been adequately tackled. Poor electricity supply has adversely impacted the economy resulting to poor production, higher prices of goods and services, closure of industries, and loss of competitive advantage of Nigerian businesses. Conversely, energy-inefficient and non-conservation consumption behaviour of Nigerian electricity consumers contributes to the electricity demand - demand gap. Energy-efficiency and conservation is a sustainable tool for efficient power system. The paper show that the use of mostly post-paid and unmetered billing system is implicated in energy-inefficient consumption. The paper advocates for deployment of pre-paid meters to every electricity consumer; fiscal management, enforcement of energy saving policies such as use of compact fluorescent lamps (CFL); and emphasis on renewable energy (hydro and solar) sources, for electricity generation