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Reason and Rationality in Arabic-Islamic Cosmology. The Case of the On the Governments of the Celestial Spheres (Fī l-tadbīrāti al-falakiyya)
No full textAlexander of Aphrodisias (2nd–3rd century CE), a key figure in Hellenic philosophy, influenced Arabic-speaking thinkers through two distinct interpretations: a Neoplatonized Aristotelianism and a faithful Peripatetic approach. In the treatise entitled Fī l-tadbīrāt al-falakiyya (On the Governments of the Celestial Spheres), he explores themes like good arrangement (al-sharḥ wa-l-niẓām), reason (naṭīq), and the rational soul (al-nafs al-nāṭiqa). These concepts frame the emanative process where the First Cause creates and governs the cosmos. Nature, embodying divine power, compensates for human imperfections with the rational soul while maintaining cosmic harmony. This study highlights key passages, illustrating Alexander Arabus’ contribution to Arabic Aristotelianism
Abitudini, opinioni e dimostrazioni: il faticoso esercizio della ragione nella Guida dei perplessi di Maimonide
No full textThe article aims to show how, for Maimonides, the exercise of reason is by no means natural. It involves, in addition to a personal predisposition, a long philosophical training, which leads from logic to metaphysics. Nevertheless, there are truths that cannot be known through the demonstrative method: in such cases, dialectic comes to the rescue, which yet Maimonides always criticizes in the arguments of the theologians
Los Pueblos del Mar y la caída del reino de Ugarit (ca. 1185 a.C.)
No full textDurante el llamado ‘Colapso del Bronce Final’ (ca. 1200–1185 a.C.), la ciudad costera de Ugarit, vasalla del imperio hitita, fue destruida tras los ataques de una fuerza naval desconocida. De este modo, se suele culpar a los famosos ‘Pueblos del Mar’ como perpetradores. De hecho, existen ciertas menciones a grupos identificados como ‘Pueblos del Mar’ en cartas de Ugarit, si bien aparecen en un contexto lejos de ser bélico. Por ello, el caso de Ugarit es paradigmático del colapso sistémico de las relaciones internacionales y el sistema urbano del momento, y del misterio que envuelve a la violencia desatada en el Mediterráneo durante tal colapso. En este sentido, la presente contribución trata de interpretar los últimos días del reino de Ugarit antes de ser atacado y destruido, para comprender el contexto geopolítico de dicha destrucción.
During the so-called ‘Late Bronze Age Collapse’ (ca. 1200–1185 BC), the coastal city of Ugarit, a vassal of the Hittite empire, fell to the attacks of an unknown naval power. Hence, the famous ‘Sea Peoples’ have been blamed for the destruction of Ugarit. Indeed, certain groups cataloged as ‘Sea Peoples’ are mentioned in letters from Ugarit, albeit in a peaceful context. The case of Ugarit is thus a paradigm of the collapse of the Late Bronze Age urban system and international relations, as well as of the mystery surrounding the violence that blurted out throughout the eastern Mediterranean coast during the Collapse. Hereby, an interpretation of the last days of the kingdom of Ugarit before being attacked and destroyed is brought on, to better comprehend the geopolitical context of said destruction
“On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer” and Keats’s poetic El Dorado
No full textResumen
Un análisis detallado de la peculiar imaginería marítima del soneto, en el contexto más amplio de los primeros escritos de Keats sobre la estética y la psicología de la escritura creativa, de las fuentes históricas a las que tuvo acceso en su momento, así como de las nociones burkeanas de lo “Sublime” y lo “Bello”, y de las teorizaciones más recientes del proceso creativo formuladas en el ámbito de la psicología cognitiva (Sawyer, 2012; Kelley 2013), revela que la famosa tríada Balboa-Cortés-Peak en Darien no es el resultado de un error histórico, ni la expresión inconsciente del joven poeta de su propio sentido de “belatedness” (Rzepka, 2002) hacia los modelos literarios del pasado (Homero, Chapman), ni siquiera un deseo de apropiarse de ellos y emularlos (Frosch, 2004). Por el contrario, la tríada es el vehículo metafórico a través del cual Keats prefigura, con la prodigiosa densidad semántica que permite la opacidad del signo poético, su posterior teorización de la mente poética tripartita en “simple”, “complex” y “philosophic” (Letters, I: 183-187), con vistas a anunciar su decisión de componer su primer significativo “test of Invention” (Letters, I: 170), Endymion, expresión de una voz artística independiente: su ‘El Dorado’ poético, aún desconocido y recientemente descubierto.
Palabras clave: Romanticismo inglés, John Keats, “On First Looking into Chapman's Homer”, psicología de la creatividad y literatura, imaginería marítima y literatura, historia de la navegación, Era de la Exploración y del Descubrimiento, Homero en la literatura anglosajona.Abstract
A thorough analysis of the sonnet’s unique maritime imagery, within the broader context of Keats’s early poems and the letters on the aesthetics and psychology of creative writing, along with the historical sources available to him at the time, as well as Burke’s concepts of “Sublime” and “Beautiful”, and recent cognitive psychological descriptions of the creative process (Sawyer, 2012; Kelley, 2013), reveals that the triad Balboa-Cortés-Peak in Darien is not the result of a historical mistake, nor a way to subconsciously express the young author’s sense of poetic belatedness (Rzepka, 2002) and will of appropriation and emulation of traditional literary models, such as Homer and Chapman (Frosch, 2004). The triad is a metaphorical vehicle imaginatively anticipating, with the prodigious semantic density allowed by the opacity of the poetic sign, Keats’s later theorisation of the tripartite poetic mind in “simple”, “complex” and “philosophic” (Letters, I: 183-187) and deliberately foreshadowing the decision to compose his first significant “test of Invention” (Letters, I: 170), Endymion, with an independent artistic voice: his newly discovered and still unchartered poetic ‘El Dorado’.
Keywords: British Romanticism, John Keats, “On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer”, psychology of creativity and literature, maritime imagery in literature, history of navigation, Age of Discovery and exploration, Homer in Anglophone literature
La semántica del mar en la poesía española y serbia de la primera mitad del siglo XX
No full textEl artículo explora el simbolismo y el significado del mar en la poesía española y serbia durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, destacando las similitudes y diferencias entre ambas tradiciones literarias. Se examina cómo el mar se convierte en un motivo recurrente, cargado de connotaciones filosóficas, emocionales y culturales. En la poesía española, el mar suele representar la inmensidad, el destino, la lucha interna y la búsqueda de sentido en un mundo caótico. En contraste, en la poesía serbia, el mar aparece menos frecuentemente, pero cuando lo hace, también refleja la introspección y la conexión con lo trascendental, aunque con un énfasis particular en la muerte y la distancia. El mar, en ambos contextos, es un espacio de confrontación con lo desconocido, pero también de refugio y contemplación, reflejando las ansiedades y esperanzas de una Europa sacudida por guerras y cambios sociales.The article explores the symbolism and meaning of the sea in Spanish and Serbian poetry during the first half of the 20th century, highlighting the similarities and differences between the two literary traditions. It examines how the sea becomes a recurring motif, loaded with philosophical, emotional and cultural connotations. In Spanish poetry, the sea often represents immensity, destiny, inner struggle and the search for meaning in a chaotic world. In contrast, in Serbian poetry, the sea appears less frequently, but when it does, it also reflects introspection and connection with the transcendental, albeit with a particular emphasis on death and distance. The sea, in both contexts, is a space of confrontation with the unknown, but also of refuge and contemplation, reflecting the anxieties and hopes of a Europe shaken by war and social change
Olhares ibéricos sobre Magalhães no séc. XXI Gonçalo Cadilhe (2008) e José Manuel Núñez de la Fuente (2019)
No full textA celebração do quinto centenário da primeira viagem de circum-navegação desencadeou, desde o início do século XXI, um renovado interesse por tal feito histórico e deu ensejo a novas oportunidades de conjugação da Literatura com a História. Como se sabe, o diálogo fluido e contínuo entre estes dois sistemas de representação tem dado origem a uma panóplia muito variada de géneros narrativos híbridos. Os textos de carácter biográfico que me proponho analisar são exemplos de tal hibridismo: se, por um lado, estão bem ancorados em dados históricos, por outro lado compõem a representação textual de Magalhães através de meios literários – e estes, que não se ficam apenas pelo nível do discurso, são muito diversos nas duas obras. O meu trabalho pretende evidenciar o diferente modo de construção da faction biográfica em ambas as narrativas, mostrando como a semantização das estruturas hibridizadoras contribui eficazmente para a preservação da figura e da aventura magalhânica na memória cultural do século XXI.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the celebration of the fifth centenary of the first circumnavigation has sparked renewed interest in this historic feat and given rise to new opportunities for combining literature and history. As we know, the fluid and continuous dialogue between these two systems of representation has given rise to a wide variety of hybrid narrative genres. The biographical texts I intend to examine are examples of such hybridity: if, on the one hand, they are well anchored in historical data, on the other they make up the textual representation of Magellan through literary means – and these, which are not limited to the level of discourse, are very different in the two works. My work aims at highlighting the different ways in which the biographical faction is constructed in both narratives, showing how the semantization of hybrid structures contributes effectively to the preservation of the Magellanic figure and adventure in the cultural memory of the 21st century
Introducción
No full textSe subraya la importancia del mar y las profesiones relacionadas con él en todos los aspectos de la cultura humana a través de un recorrido por las varias contribuciones al monográfico.The importance of the sea for human culture is highlighted through a review of the contibutions to this monograpjic section
Prof.ssa María Felisa Bermejo Calleja in memoriam
No full textRecuerdo de Felisa BermejoRicordo di Felisa Bermej