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African Migrant Women’s Agency in the Diaspora: The Agency of Being a Black African Migrant Woman in America in Adichie’s Americanah
No full textThis article examines the agency of African migrant women in the diaspora context in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah. Existing scholarship indicates the entanglement of black women’s marginalisation with racism, a
victim-focused perception of black women, and a deliberate erasure of black women’s experiences and identities in the diaspora. This necessitates an exploration of how African migrant women define themselves in relation to black identity and racial hierarchies in the diaspora. I argue that African migrant women’s experiences and identities are complex and fluid. Despite facing marginalisation and victimisation, African migrant women actively assert their agency and multifaceted identities. Drawing on Nnaemeka’s concepts of Nego-feminism and reinscription of womanhood, I explore how African migrant women’s agency is both negotiated and relational – a strategic response to racist marginalisation of black identity, enacted through their interpersonal relationship as casual workers and lovers in the diaspora. Using narrative qualitative research design, data was collected through close reading of both primary and secondary texts, and analysed through textual and narrative analysis, and coding methods. The findings reveal that African migrant women negotiate white women, white men, and African Americans’ stereotypical perceptions of their black identity. First, African migrant women adapt discursive silence to understand the mechanisms of their marginalisation. Second, they embrace complex forms of self-inscription to outrightly resist misnaming, dismissive, and downplaying tendencies of white American racism. Third, they strategically adapt male sponsorship to achieve vertical social mobility. This study provides insights into how African migrant women’s agency operates in white American racist contexts, counters the one-dimensional portrayal of African migrant women as victims, and contributes to the broader discourse on women’s struggle for social justice and representation of their experiences.
 
Jaina attitudes towards animals: Ahiṃsā, lāñchana symbols and zoomorphic sculptures
No full textIn this article, I examine attitudes towards animals in a Jaina religious context in India. The Jainas practice strict vegetarianism and with their core concept of ahiṃsā (not harming others), they go even further. They are not only meant to avoid doing violence to animals, but are also encouraged to actively care for them. As this is seen as a religious act, many of their temple complexes have birdhouses adjacent to shrines as well as shelters and animal hospitals close by.
We also encounter animal depictions in the areas of art and architecture. In Jaina iconography, there are theriomorphic symbols associated with most of the twenty-four Jinas, the human but enlightened teachers and main objects of veneration in Jainism. As the fully-liberated Jinas all look the same, individual identifying symbols (lāñchanas) were introduced during the Gupta period. In addition to the Jinas, there are also Jaina gods and goddesses. Many of these, too, ride on beasts or even have part-zoomorphic forms themselves.
A number of animal depictions also recur in the architecture of the Jaina temple. We typically find lion thrones (siṁhāsanas), which are either heavy stone-built altars¾or in a Jaina context also lighter metal stands¾on which statues are placed for veneration. The employment of the mythical and usually hybrid sea animal of the makara, for instance, is widespread in the design of arches (makaratoraṇas) decorating the inside and outside of temple structures. Similarly composite creatures, known as yāḷis, adorn the balustrades flanking temple structures. Makara or cow depictions also adorn water spouts found in Jaina sacred contexts. In addition, elephant depictions recur in the iconography of the goddess Lakṣmī (Gajalakṣmī) and prominent elephant sculptures are connected with the entrance gateways and porches of Jaina temple edifices and larger complexes.
This shows that Jainas regard animals with great respect and invest many of them with particular sacred meanings. This gives them a prominent place in their philosophy as well as in the context of figural representations and temple settings
Poetics of commitment: Raḍwā ʿĀšūr reads Ġassān Kanafānī’s fiction in al-Ṭarīq ilā al-ḫayma al-uḫrā (‘The way to the other tent,’ 1981) and al-Ṭanṭūriyya (‘The woman from Tantoura,’ 2010)
No full textThis article aims discusses how Raḍwā ʿĀšūr (1946-2014), an Egyptian academic, novelist and activist, critically analyzed and subsequently intertextually engaged with the fiction of Palestinian author Ġassān Kanafānī in two works: the essay al-Ṭarīq ilā al-ḫayma al-uḫrā (‘The Way to the Other Tent,’ 1981) and her novel al-Ṭanṭūriyya (2010; translation: ‘The Woman from Tantoura,’ 2014).
I will highlight how the Palestinian author was a reference figure for Raḍwā ʿĀšūr in developing self-exploration and engaging with writing herself. ʿĀšūr’s Third-Worldist and Marxist reading of Kanafānī allowed her to establish an intertextual dialogue with the iconic author of the Palestinian liberation struggle, which reemerges in her concept of writing and in certain narrative choices within Al-Ṭanṭūriyya (2010), which the author herself defines as her “Palestinian Novel”. On the other hand, I will highlight how the critical essay on Kanafani’s works also presents radical critiques of Kanafānī’s works.
The intertextual dialogue between the two authors will be emphasized through Rancière’s concept of “politics of literature” (Rancière 2011), which will be used to shed light on both ʿĀšūr understanding and criticism of literary modernism in Kanafānī’s and her generational novel al-Ṭanṭūriyya
Sanzioni e prevenzione sono un binomio vincente per la sicurezza sul lavoro?
No full textINTRODUCTION
Workplace safety represents a central aspect for the protection of workers’ health and the prevention of occupational accidents. Despite recent regulatory updates and investments in the continuous training of workers, the much-anticipated reduction in these accidents still seems distant. Why, despite the existence of a legislation that covers various areas and safety tools, is a significant decrease in workplace fatalities still elusive? The culture of safety and prevention seems still far away — almost an unattainable goal — thus jeopardizing efforts and leaving a crucial issue in the world of work unresolved. The aim of this research is to understand how sanctions, in addition to being a repressive method, can serve — if used correctly — to uncover the motivations behind resistance to change and to the culture of safety.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study, based on the analysis of the sanctioning system of a Local Health Authority (ATS) in the Lombardy Region, explores the correlation between the sanctions issued and the incidence of occupational accidents over the three-year period 2021–2023. To this end, the sanctioning system was analyzed by examining data relating to administrative sanctions (Art. 301-bis of Legislative Decree 81/08) and criminal sanctions (Art. 301 - Applicability of the provisions of Articles 20 and following of Legislative Decree No. 758 of 19 December 1994), as well as the recorded workplace accidents in the considered period (2021–2023). The analysis made it possible to identify any relationships between the detected violations and the types of accidents in different activity sectors.
RESULTS
The analysis of the data collected over the three-year period shows a reduction in violations punishable by administrative sanctions, decreasing from 10 sanctions in 2021 to 7 sanctions in 2023. The most frequently violated article punishable by administrative sanction was Article 86, paragraph 1, of Legislative Decree 81/08, concerning the verification and control of electrical systems, with a total of 11 sanctions over the last three years. Violations punishable by criminal sanctions, on the other hand, increased from a total of 694 sanctions in 2021 to a total of 1,068 sanctions in 2023. The most frequently violated article was Article 37 of Legislative Decree 81/08, relating to mandatory worker training. Comparing the data relating to issued sanctions and workplace accidents, it emerged that in 2021, out of a total of 694 criminal sanctions issued, 128 were related to an accident, while 80 were not related. In 2023, out of a total of 1,068 criminal sanctions issued, 139 were related to an accident, while 99 were not related.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The analysis conducted on the sanctioning system by control bodies — particularly by inspectors of a Local Health Authority (ATS) in the Lombardy Region — highlights the importance of adopting an integrated approach that combines sanctions, training, and prevention in order to sustainably and effectively improve workplace safety. The sanctioning system serves not only as a deterrent tool but also as a fundamental lever for prevention. In this regard, it is recommended to strengthen the culture of safety through continuous training programs and the dissemination of good practices. Such an integrated approach is essential to enhance prevention measures and ensure effective and efficient protection of health in the workplace.INTRODUZIONE
La sicurezza sul lavoro rappresenta un aspetto centrale per la tutela della salute dei lavoratori e per la prevenzione degli infortuni sul lavoro. Nonostante i recenti aggiornamenti normativi e gli investimenti nella formazione continua dei lavoratori, la tanto attesa riduzione degli incidenti appare ancora lontana. Ma perché, nonostante una normativa che contempla diversi ambiti e strumenti per la sicurezza, non si riesce a ottenere una significativa diminuzione delle morti sul lavoro? La cultura della sicurezza e della prevenzione appare ancora distante, quasi un traguardo irraggiungibile, vanificando gli sforzi e lasciando irrisolta una questione cruciale per il mondo del lavoro.
L’obiettivo della ricerca è comprendere come le sanzioni, oltre ad essere un metodo repressivo, possano servire, se utilizzate nel modo corretto, a capire le motivazioni che portano a resistere al cambiamento e alla cultura della sicurezza.
MATERIALI E METODI
Questo studio, basato sull’analisi del sistema sanzionatorio di un’ATS della Regione Lombardia, esplora la correlazione tra le sanzioni emesse e l’incidenza degli infortuni sul lavoro nel triennio 2021-2023. A tal fine, è stato analizzato il sistema sanzionatorio, prendendo in esame i dati relativi alle sanzioni amministrative (Art. 301 Bis D. Lgs. 81/08) e alle sanzioni penali (Art. 301 - Applicabilità delle disposizioni di cui agli articoli 20 e seguenti del Decreto Legislativo 19 dicembre 1994, n. 758), nonché gli infortuni registrati nel triennio considerato (2021-2023). L’analisi ha permesso di individuare eventuali relazioni tra le violazioni riscontrate e le tipologie di infortuni nei diversi settori di attività.
RISULTATI
L’analisi dei dati raccolti nel triennio evidenzia come vi sia stata una riduzione delle violazioni punibili con sanzioni amministrative, passando da 10 sanzioni nell’ anno 2021 a 7 sanzioni nell’anno 2023. L’articolo maggiormente violato e punito con sanzione amministrativa è risultato essere l’art. 86, comma 1, del D.lgs. 81/08, riguardante le verifiche e i controlli degli impianti elettrici, con un totale di 11 sanzioni negli ultimi tre anni.
Le violazioni punibili con sanzioni di tipo penale, invece, hanno subito un incremento, passando da un totale di 694 sanzioni nell’anno 2021 ad un totale di 1068 sanzioni nell’anno 2023. L’articolo maggiormente violato è risultato essere l’art. 37 del D.lgs. 81/08, relativo alla formazione obbligatoria dei lavoratori.
Confrontando i dati relativi alle sanzioni emesse e agli infortuni sul lavoro, è emerso che, nel 2021, su un totale di 694 sanzioni penali emesse, 128 erano correlate ad un infortunio, mentre 80 non lo erano. Nell’anno 2023, invece, su un totale di 1.068 sanzioni penali emesse, 139 erano correlate ad un infortunio mentre n. 99 non erano correlate.
DISCUSSIONE E CONCLUSIONE
L’analisi condotta sul sistema sanzionatorio dagli organi di controllo, in particolare dagli ispettori di un’ATS della Regione Lombardia, evidenzia l’importanza di adottare un approccio integrato che combini sanzioni, formazione e prevenzione, al fine di migliorare la sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro in modo sostenibile ed efficace. Il sistema sanzionatorio si configura non solo come strumento di dissuasione, ma come leva fondamentale per la prevenzione. A tal proposito, si raccomanda di rafforzare la cultura della sicurezza attraverso percorsi formativi continui e la diffusione di buone pratiche. Un approccio integrato di questo tipo risulta essenziale per potenziare le misure di prevenzione e garantire una tutela efficace ed efficiente della salute nei luoghi di lavoro
Riabilitazione Precoce in Pazienti con Frattura di Omero Prossimale: Confronto dei Risultati Funzionali in Trattamenti Chirurgici e Non Chirurgici.
No full textLa frattura dell'omero prossimale rappresenta un trauma comune, con un impatto significativo sulla funzionalità dell'arto superiore. Le opzioni terapeutiche variano tra approccio conservativo e chirurgico, mentre la gestione riabilitativa gioca un ruolo cruciale nel recupero del movimento e nella riduzione della disabilità. La letteratura esistente evidenzia una carenza di studi in questo ambito. Questo lavoro si propone di confrontare i risultati funzionali di pazienti con frattura di omero prossimale trattati con strategie chirurgiche e non chirurgiche, che hanno svolto un programma riabilitativo rispetto a quelli che non l’hanno eseguito, con un'ulteriore distinzione basata sulla tempistica dell'intervento riabilitativo
Joseph Daquin, La philosophie de la folie, traduzione italiana e note a cura di Giuseppe d’Aquino
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