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Bayes-STAPLE: a python module for Bayesian label fusion
No full textLabel fusion is widely used in fields such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and product rating, among others. In a label-fusion application, usually several assessments of the same item are obtained, often from different algorithms or human experts, to estimate the missing ground truth. However, a quantification of performance uncertainty is important to understand whether more data (e.g., more raters) are needed for a more certain estimation of the ground truth.In this work, we describe a software that implements our Bayesian extension of STAPLE in order to provide an estimation of uncertainty, which could help decision makers in accepting estimations or requiring additional data. The main feature of the developed software is its wider applicability in many contexts where ground truth is not available, but can be estimated by reaching a consensus among different rates.The experimental results on the MSSEG2016 dataset on brain segmentations to identify multiple sclerosis lesions are reported to show the effectiveness of the methods and the use of the software
Arabic Reason(s) in Latin History of Philosophy. Avicennan Proofs for the Immateriality of Intellect in Albert the Great’s Psychological Works
No full textAlbert the Great makes wide use of Arabic scientific and philosophical sources, in both his autonomous theological works and his commentaries on Aristotle’s corpus. This contribution aims to explore a set of ten Arabic arguments for the incorporeal nature of the human rational soul that Albert quotes in extenso in at least four important works of his: i) De homine (written around 1242), ii) De anima (1254–7), iii) De natura et origine animae (post 1254–7), and iv) the second, possibly inauthentic part of Summa theologiae sive de mirabili scientia Dei (post 1274). While alternatively attributed by Albert to both Avicenna and Algazel or to the sole Avicenna, the ten proofs constitute in fact a largely verbatim quotation of a lengthy excerpt of the psychological section of al-Ġazālī’s Maqāṣid al-falāsifa [The Intentions of the Philosophers] (Latin Summa theoricae philosophiae). In tracing the variations and additions provided by Albert with respect to al-Ġazālī’s text, and the specific role played by the proofs in their new Albertinian contexts, this contribution will add some fresh material to the well-known historical transmission of Arabic psychology to Latin Scholasticism
John Picardi of Lichtenberg – A German Thomist. A Historiographical Assessment
No full textJohn Picardi of Lichtenberg was a lecturer at the Dominican Studium in Cologne in the early 14th century. The result of his lectures were some Quaestiones, which were identified by Landgraff in 1922, and which attracted the interest of the Neo-Thomists in the first half of the 20th century, including Martin Grabmann. Renewed interest in Picardi’s work has emerged in recent years, and a print edition of the Quaestiones will soon be published. The present article collects and summarises the main studies on Picardi, highlighting the main points raised by scholars, and proposes possible lines of research. The categorisation of Picardi as a ‘Thomist’ is based on his views on the relationship between being and essence, form and matter, will and intellect, as well as in consideration of his relationship with the other ‘German Dominicans’ from the ‘Cologne school’ in the 13th and early 14th centuries
Meduse Cyborg Revisited: Incursione nella letteratura cyberpunk giapponese nelle opere di Suzuki Izumi, Ōhara Mariko e Ono Miyuki
No full textMeduse Cyborg Revisited – A exploration of Japanese cyberpunk literature, in the works of Suzuki Izumi, Ōhara Mariko and Ono Miyuki Deotto delinea la necessità contemporanea di narrazioni legate al “realismo aumentato”. Su questo solco si sviluppa il rinnovato interesse verso la narrativa cyberpunk, e in particolar modo nella speculative fiction giapponese. Questo articolo si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare l’evoluzione della corrente cyberpunk giapponese, realizzate in “ondate” diverse - secondo la classificazione di Tatsumi (2000) - per tracciare analogie e divergenze tra le generazioni di scrittrici. In particolare, ci si concentra sulle tematiche che emergono da queste visioni del futuro di cosiddette “Meduse cyborg”, secondo la definizione di Daniele (1997): autrici “arrabbiate” che hanno attraversato, anticipato o superato il cyberpunk, investigando il ruolo del genere in scenari di sviluppo tecnologico sempre più accelerato. Il primo case studies sarà un esempio di narrativa pre-cyberpunk: Nanto! Koi no saikederikku di Suzuki Izumi. Il secondo caso è Hybrid Child di Ōhara Mariko, scrittrice della “terza ondata”, dove emergono le tematiche del cyberfemminismo, e corpi postumani. Come terzo caso si analizza un testo post-cyberpunk, Vendere il proprio corpo di Ono Miyuki per analizzare lo sviluppo tematico nella narrativa speculativa di oggi
Quel individu et pour quel État? Dialogue entre sociologie politique et histoire
No full textSociology and history intersect in the intellectual trajectory and research of Pierre Birnbaum, Professor Emeritus at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. He has studied power and ideologies in contemporary France and the United States and is particularly renowned for his contributions on the relationship between the State and politico-administrative elites. He has also taken a comparative interest in the relationships between types of State and Jewish history. While the connection between sociology and history characterizes the work of many French sociologists, Pierre Birnbaum’s academic background and experiences include moments that make him an exemplary case of interdisciplinarity for analyzing what idea of the State, and what relationship between State and individual, emerges from key moments in French history—from the French Revolution to the Third Republic, from the Dreyfus Affair to Vichy. In this dialogue, Pierre Birnbaum discusses with Manuela Albertone his personal and intellectual experiences and his interdisciplinary approach.
English title: Which Individual for which State? A Dialogue Between Political Sociology and History
Keywords: Political Sociology, Interdisciplinary History, Jewish History, French Revolution, Administrative Elites, Types of Stat
Introduzione
No full textCrossing Borders: Ernesto De Martino and the Arts.Attraverso i confini: Ernesto De Martino e le arti
Negromanti, veggenti, etnologi: Ernesto De Martino e l’esperienza del dérèglement fra poesia ed etnologia
No full textIn The End of the World De Martino recognizes that literature and visual arts of the twentieth century can be considered as symptoms of a widespread and deep-rooted malaise that affects many aspects of contemporary consciousness. Art is a tool for immersing oneself in the depths of the artist’s personal unconscious and the collective unconscious of society, thus representing a “journey to the underworld” facilitated by the artist’s voluntary choice to renounce form, their own cultural perspective, and their own personality, even embracing the allure of the exotic, the primitive, and "otherness" in a broad sense. In my contribution, I would like to attempt to interpret the artist’s “catabasis” by highlighting the category of dérèglement, which De Martino derives from the reading of the French poet Rimbaud, and to show how the practice of dérèglement is not only related to the dialectic of contemporary artistic production. Ethnological practice, with its movement of questioning and reclaiming cultural heritages, is also a form of intentional and controlled dérèglement.In The End of the World De Martino recognizes that literature and visual arts of the twentieth century can be considered as symptoms of a widespread and deep-rooted malaise that affects many aspects of contemporary consciousness. Art is a tool for immersing oneself in the depths of the artist’s personal unconscious and the collective unconscious of society, thus representing a “journey to the underworld” facilitated by the artist’s voluntary choice to renounce form, their own cultural perspective, and their own personality, even embracing the allure of the exotic, the primitive, and "otherness" in a broad sense. In my contribution, I would like to attempt to interpret the artist’s “catabasis” by highlighting the category of dérèglement, which De Martino derives from the reading of the French poet Rimbaud, and to show how the practice of dérèglement is not only related to the dialectic of contemporary artistic production. Ethnological practice, with its movement of questioning and reclaiming cultural heritages, is also a form of intentional and controlled dérèglement
“Unveiling the Cinematic Artistry: Pedagogical Approaches to Teaching Spaghetti Westerns in Higher Education”
No full textThis article proposes interdisciplinary approaches, utilizing film theory, cultural studies, and historical perspectives to facilitate an enriched learning experience for students by examining the socio-political contexts, directorial styles, and thematic elements prevalent in Spaghetti Westerns. The Spaghetti Westerns genre can be useful in the context of teaching Italian culture, cinema, and language, due to the genre’s ability to transcend traditional genre boundaries, subvert expectations, and provide a candid commentary on society. The best Spaghetti Westerns movies allow students to question longstanding myths of American heroism and reflect the disillusionment of Italian society with its own political realities. Moreover Italian curricula in North American Universities should give to Spaghetti Westerns more attention because while the study of neorealist films in a second language classroom may be beneficial in terms of exploring narration and character development, Spaghetti Westerns are better in terms of discussions regarding innovative cinematic techniques
Il ritratto digitale della literary celebrity: Abdulrazak Gurnah nel sito dell’Università del Kent
No full textThis article aims to explore Abdulrazak Gurnah’s digital portrait as it emerges from the webpage that the University of Kent dedicated to him after the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2021. By drawing on Celebrity Studies and Media Studies, the analysis focuses on an example of Digital Humanities that intersects the phenomenon of the literary celebrities, problematising the conception of celebrity through its hybridisation with the literary world and the universities. Thus, Gurnah’s webpage acts as a case study to explore the figure of the literary celebrity with academic traits. The first section examines the status of the literary celebrities within the Celebrity Studies and the aspects in which Gurnah’s image dovetails or diverges from the canonical definitions of celebrity. The second section is concerned with the analysis of the author’s webpage which, through the visual and aural spheres, gives back a portrait of the postcolonial intellectual who, as literary celebrity, fosters the humanities and the world of universities.Questo articolo si propone di indagare il ritratto digitale di Abdulrazak Gurnah che affiora dalla pagina web dedicatagli dall’Università del Kent dopo che è stato insignito del premio Nobel per la Letteratura nel 2021. Attingendo dai Celebrity Studies e dai Media Studies, l’analisi prende in esame un esempio di Digital Humanities che interseca il fenomeno delle celebrità letterarie – le ‘literary celebrities’ – problematizzando la concezione stessa di celebrità tramite l’ibridazione tra quest’ultima, il mondo letterario e le istituzioni universitarie. La pagina di Gurnah è quindi uno studio di caso volto a esplorare la figura della celebrità letteraria dai tratti accademici. Nella prima sezione, viene esplorato lo status delle literary celebrities all’interno dei Celebrity Studies e gli aspetti in cui la figura di Gurnah coincide o si discosta dalle canoniche definizioni di celebrità. La seconda sezione è dedicata all’analisi della pagina web dell’autore che, tramite la sfera visiva e aurale, restituisce un ritratto dell’intellettuale postcoloniale che, in veste di celebrità letteraria, si fa promotore delle università e delle discipline umanistiche