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Le malattie delle filatrici della seta nelle opere di autori italiani del Settecento
No full textThe limited interest shown to date in occupational diseases, which afflicted silk spinners in the 18th century, has led us to investigate who addressed this issue, starting with the father of occupational medicine, Bernardino Ramazzini, referenced by subsequent authors. In his work De morbis artificum diatriba, however, he did not refer to silk spinners but rather to tanners, prompting us to clarify the distinction and explain the work of silk spinners. We then analyzed works by other authors – not only medical professionals – who described some of their pathologies. We must wait until 1776 to find a physician addressing their conditions. This was the noble Padovan Antonio Pimbiolo, a professor of theoretical medicine at the University of Padua, who even contradicted Ramazzini’s views on the harmfulness of silk moth effluents and was the first to observe their “hysterical passions”, providing advice on medications and workplace hygiene.
The following year, Carlo Bettoni, founder of the Agrarian Academy of Brescia, not only focused on the diseases of silk spinners but also invented a silk boiler to prevent them from burning their hands and suffering from skin conditions. The first to recognize their diseases as occupational was the Piedmontese surgeon Vincenzo Malacarne, who proposed combating them with herbal decoctions. Lastly, at the end of the century, the provost Carlo Castelli, a professor of physics in Milan, aimed to protect the hands of silk spinners by suggesting cold spinning methods.Lo scarso interesse dimostrato fino ad oggi per le malattie professionali che in passato affliggevano le filatrici di seta ci ha spinto a cercare chi se ne fosse occupato nel XVIII secolo, a partire dal padre della medicina del lavoro, Bernardino Ramazzini, citato dagli autori successivi. Nella sua opera De morbis artificum diatriba però il medico emiliano non si è riferito alle filatrici di seta, bensì ai conciatori di bavella. Pertanto nel presente contributo, dopo avere chiarito la differenza tra le due tipologie di lavoro e illustrato in particolare quello delle filatrici, abbiamo analizzato le opere di altri autori del Settecento – non solo medici – che hanno descritto le patologie di queste lavoratrici. Per trovare un medico che si occupi delle filatrici si deve attendere il 1776. È il nobile padovano Antonio Pimbiolo, professore di medicina teorica all’Università di Padova, a sostenere addirittura errate le opinioni di Ramazzini sulla dannosità degli effluvi del baco da seta e il primo a osservare le “passioni isteriche” degli addetti a quelle attività, anche dando consigli su medicinali e salubrità dei luoghi di lavoro. L’anno successivo Carlo Bettoni, fondatore dell’Accademia Agraria di Brescia, si dedica non solo alle malattie delle filatrici, ma inventa una caldaia per evitare loro di scottarsi le mani e di soffrire quindi di patologie cutanee. Il primo però a riconoscere le loro malattie come professionali è il chirurgo piemontese Vincenzo Malacarne, il quale propone di curarle con decotti di erbe. L’ultimo, a fine secolo, è il prevosto Carlo Castelli, professore di fisica a Milano, che per proteggere le mani delle filatrici propone di filare la seta a freddo
Inclusivo-esclusivo: Il 'Preludio No. 8 in Mi bemolle minore BWV 853' in due composizioni di Luca Lombardi
No full textSince its very first works, the creative outputs of Luca Lombardi (1945) reflect two dialectic tendencies, which the composer himself has labelled inclusive/exclusive, depending on plurality/unity of sound materials, on the formal trajectory that the materials engender, on the possible extension to other media. Within the frame of the post-serial composition, which keep focusing on the processes and yet radically free the conformation of the materials, the incorporation of fragments from the musical past was no more a taboo: therefore the young Lombardi composed (1967-68) to work using diverse portions of the Prelude in E flat minor BWV 853.
In Albumblätter for piano solo, the Prelude’s incipit is inserted as a quotation along a path connecting various stylistic-linguistic features, some of them up to an evident as well as updated informal conception (clusters, textures of trills...). Transitions are rigorously controlled through proper musical shapes, so that the Bach quotation – a kind of apparition in fade in/out between two informal episodes – appears as a particular status of the sound matter.
In Das ist kein Bach, sagte Beethoven, das ist ein Meer! (for 7 players, new version – 1993 – for 5 players), melodic-harmonic excerpts of various extensions make up the only sound-materials sheet available to improvising musicians instrumentally undefined, but chosen among timbrally statued families. The improvisational process is governed by a relational score, which establishes which players are active, which transformations are to be projected on the selected excerpt, and which interactions between players – loaning of materials included – are to be carried out.
Hence Albumblätter mirrors the inclusive principle, the mutual morphing of sound panels differently shaped (the ‘album leaves’), expanded in the immediately following multimedia version – Opus 10 – towards verbal, gestural and filmic elements, employing a second performer live and on screen; however, this work realizes such an expansion without modifying the existing score. Das ist kein Bach… is exclusive as to sound material and structure (partly regulated, in the players’ alternation, by typically serial rotations), however flexible and undetermined. It is also relevant that Bach's Prelude and Fugue was at the centre of a compositional reflection about the dialectic between multiplicity and unity.Sin nella prima produzione di Luca Lombardi (1945) si rispecchiano due direzioni dialettiche, definite dallo stesso autore come inclusiva ed esclusiva, a seconda della pluralità/monofocalità dei materiali sonori, del percorso formale da questi generato, della possibile estensione ad altri media. Nella composizione postseriale, che continua a concentrare la sua attenzione sui processi ma libera radicalmente le conformazioni del materiale, l’adozione di frammenti del passato musicale non era più un tabù: così il giovane compositore elabora (1967-68) due lavori che impiegano diversamente porzioni del Preludio in mi bem. min. BWV 853.
In Albumblätter l’incipit è inserito quale citazione in una traiettoria legante differenti stati stilistico-linguistici, parte dei quali aggiornati fino a una evidente condotta informale (cluster, fasce di trilli). Le transizioni sono rigorosamente controllate attraverso la scrittura, sicché la citazione bachiana – un’apparizione in doppia dissolvenza incrociata tra due pannelli informali – si dà come uno degli stati della materia sonora.
In Das ist kein Bach, sagte Beethoven, das ist ein Meer! (per 7 esecutori, nuova versione – 1993 – per 5 strumenti), estratti melodico-armonici di varia estensione costituiscono il solo foglio-materiali a disposizione di improvvisatori dall’assegnazione strumentale indefinita, ma di famiglia assortita. Il processo improvvisativo è guidato da una partitura relazionale, che stabilisce quali strumenti intervengano, quali trasformazioni proiettare sul frammento indicato, quali interazioni generare – fino all’imprestito del materiale altrui – tra improvvisatori. Albumblätter riflette dunque il principio inclusivo, il trascolorare vicendevole di pannelli sonori costituiti diversamente (i ‘fogli d’album’), espanso nella successiva versione multimedia – Opus 10 – verso elementi testuali, gestuali e filmici, con un secondo esecutore dal vivo e sullo schermo; tuttavia, il brano realizza tale principio entro una partitura interamente definita. Das ist kein Bach… è esclusivo nel materiale e nell’ossatura (in parte regolata, nel tragitto di avvicendamenti, con le tipiche rotazioni seriali), ma flessibile e aperto nella temporalità e nel dettaglio. È significativo infine che proprio un Preludio e Fuga bachiano sia stato al centro di una riflessione compositiva sulla dialettica tra molteplice e unitario
The Rǝḥjīta Arabic of Mosul
No full textThe aim of the current study is to introduce a type of qǝlta Arabic common to particular quarters in the Old City of Mosul on the right bank of the Tigris. This variety has emerged as a result of postmigratory interactions of Arab tribes with Mosul Arabic and is characterized by a simplified grammar, with less phonological and morphological features, when compared to the rest of the Tigris family. The discussion introduced henceforth is mainly based on fieldwork data collected on-site in 2023 in Mosul as well as on a text recorded in the speech of a seventy-four-year-old woman and her thirty-five-year-old daughter
L’immagine riflessa: leggere e capire la Cina dal Sudest asiatico
No full textThis contribution explores Southeast Asia as a privileged vantage point for analyzing the socio-political dynamics of the People's Republic of China (PRC) beyond the official narrative of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Through the case of Singapore and its distinctive approach to Chinese culture, it highlights how local perceptions reveal a more complex and multifaceted China compared to dominant views in the West.Questo contributo esplora il Sudest asiatico come osservatorio privilegiato per analizzare le dinamiche socio-politiche della Repubblica Popolare Cinese (RPC) al di là della narrativa ufficiale del Partito Comunista Cinese (PCC). Attraverso il caso di Singapore e il suo approccio distintivo alla cultura cinese, si evidenzia come le percezioni locali rivelino una Cina più complessa e sfaccettata rispetto alla dicotomia dominante in Occidente
Green Mindfulness: A systematic review of the literature
No full textIntroduction. Humans possess an innate tendency towards life which, through fascination, facilitates the restoration of directed attention and stress recovery. Given the increasing urbanization, integrating Nature contact with mindfulness - a practice known for its analogous mental health benefits - is gaining attention. This systematic review investigates whether Nature-based mindfulness (Green Mindfulness) is synergistic, neutral, or antagonistic compared to indoor mindfulness or Nature exposure considered separately.
Methodology. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search on Google Scholar using the string "Nature-based mindfulness" AND (empirical OR experimental) was conducted, yielding 129 results. After screening, twenty empirical studies published in 2023–2024 were included, with only nine featuring a comparator activity in a real natural environment. Participants included adolescents and adults, healthy subjects, and those with mental/physical vulnerabilities. Outcomes included psychological (stress, anxiety, mood, Nature connectedness) and physiological (cortisol, heart rate) measures.
Results. All twenty studies reported positive effects on well-being and health. However, the comparative analysis of the nine controlled studies showed heterogeneous outcomes, indicating that Nature-based mindfulness is not unequivocally superior to comparison conditions, with results being synergistic, neutral, or even antagonistic depending on the variable. Specifically, antagonistic effects and neutral effects were observed for some variables.
Discussion and Conclusions. The field of Nature-based mindfulness is emerging and highly heterogeneous in activity design and reporting. The lack of superior efficacy in some studies suggests that formal, introspective mindfulness may impede the necessary sensory relationship with the environment. An ecopsychological perspective is proposed for future research, advocating for an ecocentric green mindfulness model that includes the locus Naturae (the place as a living presence) and an ecotuner (a specialized facilitator) to better capture and maximize the bi-directional, restorative effects of the human-Nature relationship
Revolutionary grounds: political ontology of Zapatista land relations
No full textThis study explores Zapatista communities' relationship with the land and their participation in transnational networks of coffee distribution, focusing on the political ontologies behind their resistance to capitalist destruction. The research highlights how their collective fight challenges privatization and extractive economies by analyzing their approach to land through the lens of political ecology and anthropology. Rooted in indigenous ontologies blended with anticapitalist ideologies, the Zapatistas' rejection of private property and their creation of autonomous territories represent a radical stance in the ongoing struggle for indigenous rights and agrarian reform in Mexico. Ethnographic fieldworks with both Zapatista producers and European solidarity networks reveal tensions between autonomy, processes of political subjectivization, and resistance to commodification, as well as the risk of romanticizing indigenous and peasant movements. The research contextualizes these dynamics within broader challenges posed by increasing violence, state repression, and organized crime in Chiapas. The findings contribute to ongoing debates about the commons, indigenous autonomy, and the contradictions of participating in transnational markets. By integrating insights from anthropology, political ontology, and social movement studies, this research offers a deeper understanding of how Zapatista communities and their allies strive to build sustainable economic lives, underlying their significance in reimagining dignifying alternatives to current predatory capitalism
The integrated care pathway for individuals with severe disability resulting from brain injury: a descriptive retrospective study from the project for the Accreditation Canada Distinction program.
No full textINTRODUCTION
A severe Acquired Brain Injury (sABI) is formally defined as an acquired brain injury that results in a comatose state, characterized by an acute-phase Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of ≤ 8 persisting for more than 24 hours. Despite advances in complex case management, patients with severe Acquired Brain Injury (sABI) and extremely severe disability, often experience inappropriate hospitalization. This persistence in acute care or rehabilitation wards significantly contributes to the phenomenon of delayed discharge. The project launched by the ULSS 3 - Venezia health authority, initiated for participation in the “Accreditation Canada - Stroke Distinction” and “Accreditation Canada - Trauma Distinction” programs, aims to facilitate the community reintegration phase for these individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study utilized a retrospective descriptive design to assess the characteristics of a cohort of individuals with sABI referred to the ULSS 3 facility. The analysis specifically focused on management indicators (e.g., hospital length of stay and delayed discharge metrics), clinical status, and multidimensional features. Eligibility for inclusion in the extra-hospital reintegration project was established through consensus during a dedicated multidisciplinary committee meeting.
RESULTS
A cohort of seven individuals (four males, three females) was included in this analysis. The cohort presented with a mean age of 64.14 ± 17.7 (37-86) years and a mean acute-phase GCS score of 6.4 ± 1.91 in the initial 24 hours. Upon review by the joint committee, all patients exhibited a high level of assistance required for Activities of Daily Living (ADL), mobility, and nursing care. The rehabilitation enrollment of these subjects occurred, on average, after 23.4 days. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 180.5 ± 65.1 (91-282) days. Furthermore, the mean duration between the formal approval for discharge and the actual patient discharge was 39.4 ± 32.2 (7-84) days.
DISCUSSION
The included patient population demonstrated a very high level of functional complexity and nursing care dependency. The institutional project is based on the "intermediate care" model, in which service delivery is organized to ensure integration and continuity of patient care. This project may assist not only in managing the phenomenon of "delayed discharge" but also in the social reintegration of the patient.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with sABI, characterized by severe disability and high dependency on care, may remain in acute care units. Projects aimed at facilitating the extra-hospital reintegration phase may mitigate the phenomenon of delayed discharge and inappropriate hospitalization. However, prospective studies with adequate statistical power are necessary to confirm this hypothesis
Le percezioni sul cambiamento climatico e la mobilità umana in Africa
No full textL’articolo analizza le percezioni sul cambiamento climatico in Africa occidentale attraverso analisi della letteratura e l’utilizzo dei dati dell’indagine Afrobarometro. La percezione individuale circa i cambiamenti climatici è influenzata da diversi fattori e differisce tra paesi come tra contesti urbani/rurali. La mobilità umana in Africa occidentale è tradizionalmente significativa e potrà essere influenzata dai cambiamenti ambientali e climatici soprattutto su scala locale e regionale. Le diverse percezioni sul cambiamento climatico possono condizionare le decisioni e soluzioni di risposta ed adattamento, ivi inclusa la migrazione
Research and education for gender & climate justice in the MENA region: the contribution of the University of Naples L'Orientale
No full textIn the MENA region, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and political conflicts intensify climate change impact. This paper highlights the role of universities in mitigation and adaptation research, and also in the study of the socio-political drivers of climate change, including in gender, aerial and international cooperation studies. The contribution also discusses the input of the international workshop ‘Combating the Gendered Impacts of Climate Change in the MENA Region’, organised in October 2023 by the University of Naples L'Orientale and the National Centre for Social Research, which emphasised the integration of a gender perspective in climate change education and research
Exploring the shared values in heritage walks: a case of walks at Hyderabad
No full textThis paper explores the application of Porter and Kramer's Creating Shared Value (CSV) concept in the context of heritage walks in Hyderabad. Heritage walks serve as tools for historic preservation and city branding but face challenges due to differing values between stakeholders and walk operators, leading to gentrification and inequity. The research investigates the complexity of ‘Value’ in business and heritage studies, aiming to explore the diverse benefits experienced by stakeholders. It identifies gaps in walk organization and provides suggestions for achieving CSV, promoting both community socio-economic development and competitive advantage