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Galileo e i galileiani. Un archivio polifonico
No full textThis article reconstructs the history of the personal archives of Galileo and his followers, from their creation until they became public property with the establishment of the Galileo Collection at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence. It shows how the motives of their curators reflected changing attitudes to the role of scientific culture in Italy
Miti e immagini cartesiane
No full textRecent historiography has shown that Descartes remains a prominent figure in philosophical discourse and that a multitude of prejudices have arisen around his persona, which have contributed over time to the creation of an often stereotyped and, in some cases, distorted image of him and his most famous and influential doctrines. It is therefore essential to take stock of the state of historiographical research on Descartes in recent years. In this context, I have tried to draw attention to some recently published volumes, with the aim of enabling the reader to approach the study of this great philosopher with greater awareness. This can be achieved both through the author’s internal analysis of his work and the comparison with other philosophers and scholars who were his contemporaries
Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Los cabellos de Absalón, edición de Alfredo Rodríguez López-Vázquez: Madrid, Cátedra (Letras Hispánicas, 907), 2024
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Prolegomena to the analysis of deśī words in Hemacandra’s Deśīnāmamālā
No full textThe purpose of the present paper is to offer the necessary theoretical and methodological considerations for undertaking the analysis of the typology of the deśī class of Prakrit words starting from Hemacandra’s Deśīnāmamālā, the most important lexicon, and almost the sole one, dealing with these specific words. The issues concerned the deśī words in Prakrit, as well as tatsama and tadbhava words, will be illustrated and analysed beginning with offering a review of the various scholars’ position on this topic. At the same time, and this is the main goal of the paper, the typology of deśī words will be investigated, this in order to understand how the heterogeneity of this specific class of Prakrit words is constructed. In this manner, we will have the opportunity to see that the scope of the tripartite classification of Prakrit words in tatsama, tadbhava and deśī is to give a tool in the hands of Indian medieval authors for comparing/understanding and/or for teaching the words used in Prakrit by means of Sanskrit words. Thanks to the proposed analysis, we will have a clearer idea of what Prakrit really was and how the perspective on considering it changed at the beginning of the first millennium in India
Dubbing in Moroccan Arabic, or when sound engineers become sociolinguists
No full textDubbing soap-operas in an uncodified language variety, such as Moroccan Arabic vernacular, raises the issue of which language norms should be followed in writing the scripts. Added to that, Moroccan dubbing professionals cannot resort to a single dialect variety that is unanimously recognised as the national ‘standard dialect,’ unlike e. g. their Egyptian colleagues who can rely on Cairene. Since 2009—when the first series dubbed in Moroccan Arabic was launched—this has presented the staff of Morocco’s first dubbing studio, Plug-In, with the remarkable challenge of creating dārīža dialogues for foreign soap-operas while at the same time dealing with diatopic and diastratic linguistic variation. On the basis of direct observations and interviews carried out at the studios, this paper shows with which criteria this work of linguistic management is brought forth, and to what extent it can be compared to traditional processes of (e.g. European) language standardisation. First of all, several examples of linguistic choices made by sound engineers and voice actors are reported and explained, usually through the words of the staff themselves. For the sake of exposition, such choices are grouped according to their aim: avoiding varieties other than dārīža, discarding features that index negative qualities and increasing the realism of language. Subsequently, a comparison with the traditional standardisation process, as described by Haugen, shows how Plug-In’s work of linguistic selection does not reach complete standardisation, especially as regards selection, codification and elaboration. While this is an expectable result, it is interesting to underline that this incompleteness is ultimately due to the purpose of dubbing, which is commercialising a show to a national audience; it is therefore suggested that the three cited aspects of standardisation are, in the case of dubbing in dārīža, subordinated to the fourth remaining aspect, i. e. acceptance
Communicating isolation and personal struggle: Nagata Kabi’s My Lesbian Experience with loneliness
No full textIn June 2018, Nagata Kabi achieved unexpected international success by winning the Harvey Award for her essay manga, ‘My Lesbian Experience with Loneliness’ (Sabishisugite Rezu Fūzoku ni Ikimashita Repo). The plot is quite simple: the author, a 28-year-old Japanese woman with no sexual experience and a history of mental health issues, decides to hire a female escort to have sex for the very first time.
Despite the seemingly straightforward plot, this manga is not about sex. The original title, which translates to ‘Report: I was too lonely, so I went to a lesbian escort service,’ reflects the main theme of Nagata’s struggle with loneliness and her continuous search for belonging. Sex with a sex worker serves as a tool for Nagata to explore her physical and mental status, her vulnerabilities, and to express her personal development.
Nagata is an outcast for the standards of the Japanese society: despite being an adult, she is not employed full-time, and her aspiration to pursue a career in the manga world concerns her parents. Additionally, her homosexuality further marginalizes her. Nagata’s deviation from the societal norms is underscored by her limited sexual knowledge, acquired solely from reading manga. Initially, Nagata’s struggle appears to revolve around meeting parental expectations and becoming a shakaijin, or a fully functioning member of Japanese society. However, it ultimately evolves into a journey of learning to relate to others, demonstrating how sex (and manga) can serve as a means of communication among individuals.
This article examines how Nagata, through her manga, portrays the communication challenges faced by individuals who do not fit neatly into established categories, particularly those who experience a life development following a ‘queer temporality,’ in contrast to heteronormative life trajectories. Ultimately, it demonstrates how manga can serve as a tool to alleviate isolation for individuals who do not conform to the established norms of Japanese society
A text on bees from James Bynon’s Ayt Hdiddu Berber archives
No full textThis paper contributes to advancing the knowledge of Moroccan Berber varieties from the Southern Middle Atlas. It focuses on one such variety, namely the one spoken by the Ayt Hdiddu people. It broadens the corpus of Ayt Hdiddu literature available to English-language readers by providing the translation and analysis of a text first appeared in its original Berber version in Bynon (2015). Centred on local beliefs about bees, the text offers ethnographic insights into the Ayt Hdiddu culture, including the notion of bees having a king rather than a queen. The paper also emphasises the value of Bynon’s archives for both linguistic and cultural studies and contributes to the study of Berber ethnolinguistics, particularly within the Southern Middle Atlas region
Notes on an Amazigh Argot: The tagnawt of the drummers of At Jennad (Western Kabylia, Algeria)
No full textThis note provides a brief introduction to Tagnawt, a argot used exclusively by drummers from the At Jennad confederation in western Kabylia (Algeria). The matrix of this slang is Taqbaylit, the Amazigh language with the largest number of speakers in Algeria. This paper presents some sociolinguistic and linguistic features of this slang, a number of lexical items, its pronominal system and a few sentences
La promozione dell’identità nazionale cinese in ambito sanitario: il potere discorsivo del Medical Chinese Test
No full textThe institution of the Medical Chinese Test (MCT) on December 15 2019, set a significant milestone in evaluating proficiency in medical Chinese among international medical students and practitioners. Situated within the broader context of recent accomplishments in Chinese healthcare domain, such as Tu Youyou’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the effective management of COVID-19, and the recent accreditation of Chinese medical education programs by Word Federation for Medical Education, the MCT was portrayed as an integral element of China's healthcare achievements. However, the MCT’s intricate complex nature poses challenges to widespread accessibility, as evidenced by the presence of only 30 testing centers globally, with merely 5 located outside Asia. Drawing on discursive power theory, this paper examines the rhetorical process employed by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China in introducing the MCT, exploring its role in internationalizing Chinese research, language, and culture, and shaping a positive national identity. The establishment of the MCT is thus framed within broader sociopolitical objectives aimed at maintaining political leadership, asserting China's global influence, and adhering to international standards in development and scientific research, thereby enhancing the country’s prestige and international recognition.L'istituzione del Medical Chinese Test (MCT) il 15 dicembre 2019 ha rappresentato una tappa significativa nella valutazione della competenza in cinese medico tra studenti e professionisti internazionali nel settore sanitario. Inserito nel più ampio contesto dei recenti successi della sanità cinese, il MCT è stato presentato come un elemento integrante delle conquiste della Cina nel campo sanitario. Tuttavia, la sua natura complessa e articolata pone sfide in termini di accessibilità su larga scala, come dimostra la presenza di soli 30 centri d’esame a livello globale, di cui appena 5 al di fuori dell’Asia. Facendo riferimento alla teoria del potere discorsivo, questo studio analizza il processo retorico adottato dal Ministero dell'Istruzione della Repubblica Popolare Cinese nell'introduzione del MCT, esaminandone il ruolo nella proiezione internazionale della ricerca, della lingua e della cultura cinese e nella costruzione di un'identità nazionale positiva. L’istituzione del MCT si inserisce dunque in più ampi obiettivi sociopolitici volti a mantenere la leadership politica, affermare l’influenza globale della Cina e conformarsi agli standard internazionali nello sviluppo e nella ricerca scientifica, rafforzando così il prestigio e il riconoscimento internazionale del paese
L’immaginario goloso nella poesia del Barocco: ritratti “em metáfora de doce”
No full textIn Portuguese Baroque literature there are numerous texts that refer to the pleasures of gluttony and in particular to sweets production, whose development is enhanced by the spread of sugarcane cultivation in the Lusitanian overseas domains. In this context, the present paper intends to focus on three poems in which the motif of the portrait undergoes an original development, since the figures described take shape, somewhat like the heads painted by Arcimboldo, from the combination of distinct but related elements. Indeed, the authors of the texts under consideration survey individual parts of the female body by associating them with different varieties of confectionery products.Nella letteratura portoghese del Barocco sono numerosi i testi che alludono ai piaceri della gola e in particolare alla produzione dolciaria, il cui sviluppo è favorito dalla fortuna che la coltura della canna zucchero conosce nei domini lusitani d’oltremare. In questo contesto il presente contributo intende concentrare l’attenzione su tre componimenti poetici in cui il motivo del ritratto conosce un originale sviluppo, dal momento che le figure descritte prendono forma, un po’ come i busti dell’Arcimboldo, dall’accostamento di elementi diversificati ma di natura affine. Gli autori dei testi in esame, infatti, passano in rassegna le singole parti del corpo delle donne descritte associandole, via via, a diverse varietà di dolciumi