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Episode 1: Moving Forward: Eren Yeager
No full textEpisode 1 of 3 in podcast series The Talk of the Titans. A veritable in-depth analysis of the anime series Attack on Titan for what it can reveal about the parallels between fantasy and reality in the human condition
Review of \u3cem\u3eA People\u27s History of Classics: Class and Greco-Roman Antiquity in Britain and Ireland 1689 to 1939\u3c/em\u3e by Edith Hall and Henry Stead
Get PDFThe Long Reach of Peer Influence on Emerging Adults\u27 Sexual Activity
Get PDFResearchers, parents, and adolescents recognize that peers are central to adolescent development (e.g., Waldrip, Malcolm, & Jensen-Campbell, 2008) and often influence sexual activity (e.g., Dishion, Ha, & Veronneau, 2012). Yet, despite this abundance of evidence, several questions remain. First, most research has explored the influence of peers during adolescence in predicting sexual behaviors. Much less has examined whether and to what extent peers affect emerging adults\u27 sexual behaviors both long term and contemporaneously (see Chapter 9, this volume). Second, of that research which does include an examination of peer influence on sexual activity among emerging adults, the issue of whether and how peer relationships influence sexual behaviors among individuals in committed relationships, while also accounting for characteristics of these intimate relationships, has yet to be examined. Finally, much of the literature on peer effects and sexual activity tends to be atheoretical. As such, it is difficult to determine the underlying mechanisms that account for these associations. To fill these gaps, we focused on how peers criminal activity, provision of emotional support, and permissive sexual attitudes and behaviors influenced emerging adults\u27 involvement in sexually non-exclusive behaviors, number of casual sex partners, and lifetime number of sex partners. These sexual behaviors have potential to influence the development and maintenance of committed intimate partnerships in emerging adulthood and beyond
Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion
Get PDFCooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve through reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation is the process in which lasting social interactions provide the opportunity to learn about others\u27 behavior, and to further predict the outcome of future encounters. Lasting social interactions may also decrease aversion to unequal distribution of gains – when individuals accept inequity payoffs knowing about the possibility of future encounters. Thus, reciprocal cooperation and aversion to inequity can be complementary phenomena. The present study investigated the effects of cooperative and uncooperative interactions on participants\u27 aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Participants played an experimental task in the presence of a confederate who acted as a second participant. In reality, the participant interacted with a computer programed to make cooperative and uncooperative choices. After interacting with a cooperative or uncooperative computer, participants chose between blue cards to produce larger gains to the computer and smaller for him/her or green cards to produce equal and smaller gains for both. Results confirmed our first hypothesis that uncooperative interactions would produce aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Lastly, half of the participants were informed that points received during the experiment could be later exchanged for money, and half were not. Results indicated that information about monetary outcomes did not affect aversion to inequity, contradicting our second hypothesis. We discuss these results in the light of theories of reciprocal cooperation, inequity aversion, and conformity
An Update on the Search for Symmetry in Nonhumans
Get PDFSidman et al.\u27s (1982) failure to find evidence for symmetry (bidirectional associations between stimuli) in monkeys and baboons set the stage for decades of work on emergent relations in nonhumans. They attributed the failure to the use of procedures that did not (1) promote stimulus control based on the relation between the sample and correct comparison and (2) reduce control by irrelevant stimulus features. Previous reviews of symmetry in nonhumans indicated that multiple exemplar training and successive matching might encourage appropriate stimulus control. This review examined 16 studies that investigated symmetry in 94 subjects, including pigeons, rats, capuchin monkeys, and baboons. Several studies used alternative training procedures to minimize sources of irrelevant stimulus control, and many combined multiple exemplar training with other procedural modifications. Symmetry was observed in approximately 30% of subjects. Studies that reported the strongest evidence for symmetry used successive matching‐to‐sample procedures that included training on both symbolic and identity relations, and studies finding mixed evidence employed alternative methods. These studies highlight the challenge in creating training procedures that promote symmetry and the need to assess the underlying sources of control on positive demonstrations
PTSD and IPV: Pre- and Post- 9/11 War Veterans\u27 Risks for Perpetrating Violence
Get PDFThroughout this thesis, past research will be outlined regarding the relationship between PTSD and IPV among war veterans. This research will display why people with PTSD from war are more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence than are civilians. Then, I will present more evidence as to why veterans post-9/11 veterans may be more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence than pre-9/11 veterans. Post-9/11 veterans are less likely to get help for their mental health problems, leading them to face a host of life difficulties including disconnectedness from family and friends, unemployment, and substance abuse problems, all of which are also precursors to the perpetration of intimate partner violence. Research also indicates that the general public was more engaged with current events and news pertaining to wars and other government issues in the pre-9/11 era. In turn, this helped veterans receive more respect for serving our country than they do today; and more directly relevant to the topic of this thesis, provided for the recognition that veterans may need assistance in a variety of domains to successfully readjust to civilian life after returning home. Today, people pay less attention to what is going on with war largely because the country has been at war for so long. In turn, this can result in a lack of awareness about the problems post-9/11 veterans are likely to face and a corresponding lack of service availability for their various needs.
In order to rectify some of these issues, I will first use prior research to assess what programs currently exist to address the issues of PTSD and IPV among war veterans, and whether these programs address those needs that are either specific to or may be more common among post-9/11 veterans. Using various government resources and reports, including the Veterans Affair’s website, I will then assess average wait times for the provision of mental health services for veterans, under the acknowledgement that service availability may be an issue among certain populations and in certain geographic areas. I will conclude this section of my thesis by suggesting what specific program aspects are best incorporated into treatments and therapies for PTSD and IPV among war veterans to help reduce the frequency of these problems, as well as suggest ways to increase service availability among those demographic populations or geographic areas that may be suffering the most.
While ensuring that effective treatment programs are utilized and that such programs are readily available for those who wish to access them is a necessary first step in combatting IPV perpetration among war veterans, a second step is helping to ensure that veterans who need such services are willing to seek them. As such, another way intimate partner violence rates could be reduced among war veterans is if the sense of hypermasculinity in society today is reduced. This could lessen rates of IPV because not only is hypermasculinity in itself a consistent predictor of men perpetrating violence against their female partners, but male war veterans may also not feel weak for seeking help for mental disorders if help-seeking is no longer perceived as an unmanly behavior. To this end, I will also conclude my thesis by assessing what programs, if any, currently exist in the military or in society more broadly (i.e., school systems, workplaces, etc.) to reduce hypermasculine ideologies and behaviors; what particular aspects of these programs are found to be most effective; and suggest ways that such programs might become more widespread throughout society in the future
The Establishment of Auditory-Visual Equivalence Classes with a Go/No-Go Successive Matching-to-Sample Procedure
Get PDFThe current study evaluated the effectiveness of a go/no-go successive matching-to-sample procedure (S-MTS) to establish auditory–visual equivalence classes with college students. A sample and a comparison were presented, one at a time, in the same location. During training, after an auditory stimulus was presented, a green box appeared in the center of the screen for participants to touch to produce the comparison. Touching the visual comparison that was related to the auditory sample (e.g., A1B1) produced points, while touching or refraining from touching an unrelated comparison (e.g., A1B2) produced no consequences. Following AB/AC training, participants were tested on untrained relations (i.e., BA/CA and BC/CB), as well as tacting and sorting. During BA/CA relations tests, after touching the visual sample, the auditory stimulus was presented along with a white box for participants to respond. During BC/CB relations tests, after touching the visual sample, a visual comparison appeared. Across 2 experiments, all participants met emergence criterion for untrained relations and for sorting. Additionally, 14 out of 24 participants tacted all visual stimuli correctly. Results suggest the auditory– visual S-MTS procedure is an effective alternative to simultaneous MTS for establishing conditional relations and auditory-visual equivalence classes
Episode 1: What is American Coffee Culture?
No full textEpisode 1 of 3 in podcast series Lattes with Lily. An examination of coffee cultures in the U.S., how they have evolved as spaces of everyday routines and then again as scenes of social and political change, and what they mean for the democratic spirit