Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Mapping Soil Carbon Content in Two Contrasting Pedoclimatic Regions Using a Deep Learning Approach with Remote Sensing Imagery and Laboratory Spectral Datasets
No full textMapping soil properties can help in monitoring spatial and temporal variability in soils. However, the accuracy of predictions based on optical remote sensing data depends on the availability of cloud-free images and the presence of bare soil under suitable surface conditions. The objective of this study was to produce maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) content or soil total carbon (STC) content for two study areas with contrasting pedoclimatic conditions: Naizin (1.5 km2 ), which has a temperate climate and mainly intensive mixed crop-livestock farms on Luvic Cambisols and Haplic Albeluvisols, and Merguellil (40 km2 ), which has a semi-arid climate and mainly intensive farms on Fluvisols. We used a deep learning approach that combined remote sensing and laboratory visible, near-infrared and short-wave infrared (Vis-NIR-SWIR) datasets. We developed deep neural network models using all available bare soil pixels from Sentinel-2 (S2) images over one farming year and by measuring soil properties at 58 and 73 soil sampling points in the Naizin and Merguellil study areas, respectively. We used two approaches: (1) using only S2 bands to calibrate models and (2) adding laboratory spectral indices incrementally to the S2 bands in decreasing order of their correlation with SOC or STC content. To compare and analyse the spatial patterns in the SOC and STC maps produced by the two approaches, we applied one model from approach 1 and one model from approach 2. The results showed that this method was able to adapt to the two pedoclimatic contexts. Adding the laboratory indices to the models increased prediction accuracy for both study areas. Although the two approaches yielded similar spatial patterns of SOC or STC content, some differences were observed. Adding the laboratory indices increased intra-field variability in the distribution of SOC content for Naizin but decreased inter- and intra-field variability in the distribution of STC content for Merguellil. The method accurately mapped SOC content in 70 % of the Naizin area and STC content in more than 90 % of the Merguellil area. Future research could assess effects of using different methods for kriging, the potential of using hyper-spectral images for calculating spectral indices which would avoid effects of kriging on the spatial patterns in the maps of soil properties produced and the transferability of the models across different pedoclimatic regionsThis study was supported by the European Union’s Horizon H2020 research and innovation European Joint Programme Cofund on Agricultural Soil Management (EJP-SOIL grant no. 862695) and was performed in the framework of the STEROPES project of EJP-SOIL. It was also supported by the MELICERTES project (ANR-22-PEAE-0010) of the French National Research Agency, under the France 2030 program and the national PEPR “Agroécologie et Numérique” program, the French–Tunisian project PHC-Utique IPASS (44324WB/20G093), CES THEIA Digital Soil Mapping and POLYPHEME project of CNES-TOSCA (grant ID 8829). The lead author was awarded a Ph.D. grant by the Tunisian Republic. Writing of the manuscript was also supported by the Project EJP SOIL SANCHOSTHIRST (EJP-SOIL grant no. 862695) as part of the lead author postdoctoral researc
Acoso inmobiliario
No full textEl presente capítulo analiza las manifestaciones civiles y pena les del acoso inmobiliario, así como el surgimiento de los grandes tenedores de vivienda. Se examinan los inconvenientes de los tipos penales especiales de coacciones y trato degradante relativos al acoso inmobiliario, así como la problemática concursal y procesal en materia de medidas cautelares. Finalmente, se formulan unas propuestas de lege ferenda respecto de la legislación españolaThis chapter analyses the civil and criminal forms of blockbus ting, as well as the phenomenon of large landlords. The disadvantages of the criminal legal treatment for blockbusting are examined, as well as the cri minal and procedural problems regarding precautionary measures, to pro vide for legal amendments in Spanish la
Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
No full textEngineering all magnetic phases within a single material platform would mark a significant milestone in materials science, simplifying device fabrication by eliminating the need for the integration of different materials. Here, we demonstrate that graphene can host all nonrelativistic magnetic phases_diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, altermagnetism, and fully compensated ferrimagnetism_using single H atoms as building blocks. Their magnetic character is confirmed by density functional theory and mean-field Hubbard calculations. Notably, altermagnetism can be realized, exhibiting directionally spin-split bands coexisting with zero net magnetization due to spatial symmetries. Furthermore, fully
compensated ferrimagnets can be created, lacking these symmetries and presenting unrestricted spin-splitting, with vanishing net magnetization protected by Lieb’s theorem. We take this idea to the laboratory and, through the precise manipulation of H atoms by scanning tunneling microscopy, experimentally create isolated unit cells of all magnetic phases. These findings open the door to the
bottom-up design of magnetic phases via symmetry selectionWe acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, through projects (Grants PID2023149106NB-I00, TED2021-131323B-I00, and PID2022141712NB-C21), the María de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellence in R&D (Grant CEX2023-001316-M), the Comunidad de Madrid and the Spanish State through the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan [Materiales Disruptivos Bidimensionales (2D), (MAD2DCM)-UAM Materiales Avanzados], and the NMAT2D-CM program under Grant S2018/NMT-4511, the European Union through the Next Generation EU funds, the Generalitat Valenciana through the Program Prometeo (2021/017). M. A. GarcíaBlázquez acknowledges financial support from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid through a FPI-UAM grant. S.C. acknowledges financial support from grant PREP2022000250 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF+. B.V.-B. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades through the PhD scholarship FPU22/03675. The authors thankfully acknowledge Red Española de Supercomputación for the computational resources provided by Universidad de Málaga through Projects FI-2024-1-0038, FI-2024-2-0016, and FI-2024-3-001
Biogeographic evaluation of the Pai Mateus caatinga (Paraiba State, Brazil) using the LANBIOEVA method
No full textEl presente artículo se basa en un trabajo de investigación desarrollado y testado a lo largo de más de 35 años, y que persigue la aplicación de un método de inventariado y valoración biogeográfica (LANBIOEVA) de diversos paisajes vegetales a escala global. Hasta la fecha se ha ido aplicando en zonas tan dispares como la península ibérica, Escandinavia, Balcanes, Chile, Patagonia, Nicaragua, Brasil, Marruecos... Como consecuencia de una estancia de investigación en 2019, se aplicó a un ecosistema brasileño tan característico como la Caatinga del nordeste, concretamente en el sector de Pai Mateus (Estado Federal de Paraíba) con objeto de diagnosticarlo de manera global y ofrecer pautas para su correcta gestión y ordenación. Para ello, se acometió un inventariado sistemático de 10 parcelas, a las que se aplicó un diagnóstico valorativo basado en criterios naturales, territoriales, estructurales, culturales, de manejo, riesgos, etc. Los resultados permiten constatar valores generales que se sitúan claramente por encima de los registrados en los ámbitos territoriales antes referenciados, con la única excepción de una parcela de Bosque Mediterráneo Esclerófilo con Palma, en el entorno de Valparaíso-Viña del Mar (Chile)This paper is based on a research work developed over 25 years that aims to consolidate a method for making biogeographical inventories and evaluations of vegetal landscapes in mid and high latitudes. To date, the method has been applied to different ecosystems within the Iberian Peninsula, Scandinavia, Balkans, Chile, Nicaragua, Brazil. As consequence of a research stay in 2008, the highest score by applying the method to a specific formation, the Mediterranean forest with Chilean Palm, was recorded. This article focuses, exposes and analyzes the overall results obtained in the area of five populations located among their northernmost and southernmost area of distribution limit. Moreover, this paper expects to make a diagnosis about these formations in a global sense and it also provides a guideline in order to ensure its management and planning in a correct way. The methodology is based on a systematic inventory of different units along with an assessment based on natural, territorial, cultural, management and risks criteria. The results again confirm general values which, however, in this case do not reach the registered in the area of Valparaiso-Viña del Mar (Chile). However, criteria such as the territorial or mesological are still counting on big score
Nuevas actividades y nuevos miembros de la familia B de las DNA polimerasas con aplicaciones biotecnológicas
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de Lectura: 29-04-2022Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 29-04-2025DNA amplification is a powerful technique widely employed for pathogen detection,
biomedical analysis, or genetic research. This process relies on high-fidelity DNA
polymerases (DNAPs). One of the mostly used enzymes all over the world is the DNAP from
the bacteriophage Φ29 (Φ29DNAP), member of B-family DNAPs (PolBs). This PolB can
couple strand displacement capacity with a highly processive and faithful DNA synthesis.
These features allowed the development of very efficient isothermal DNA amplification
protocols, like multiple displacement DNA amplification (MDA). Conversely, the use of highfidelity
DNAPs entails some shortcomings; they are usually blocked by modified bases or DNA
lesions, which impairs the amplification of damaged DNA samples. This work aims to increase
the variety of DNA amplification methods, providing alternatives for amplification of
challenging samples, such as those from forensic or archeological sources as well as
metagenomes. Hence, we focused on the study of PolBs with non-canonical activities and the
influence of divalent cations on DNA synthesis and amplification proficiency.
We show how the DNA amplification yield of the DNAP from bacteriophage Bam35, a
processive and faithful PolB with intrinsic strand displacement and translesion DNA synthesis
(TLS) capacities, could be greatly enhanced by the fusion of DNA binding domains.
Furthermore, we used rolling circle amplification (RCA) assays with synthetic circular singlestranded
DNA containing modified bases as template to assess the increment on the
processive replication of damaged DNA. Moreover, DNA synthesis opposite to DNA lesions
was improved by the employment of Co2+ or a fine-tuned combination of Mg2+ and Mn2+ as
cofactors without substantially reducing the enzyme fidelity. In addition, we characterized a
new tectiviral PolB infecting a thermoresistant host. This new PolB has proofreading 3’-5’
exonuclease activity, TLS opposite abasic sites and is thermoresistant up to 55 ºC.
We have also identified and characterized a new group of PolBs that showed primerindependent
DNA synthesis as well as TLS capacity. This new PolB clade, named piPolBs,
could be considered a third major group of PolBs, besides protein-primed PolBs and PolBs
primed by RNA or DNA. Due to its high processivity and strand displacement capacity, a
representative member of the piPolBs group was employed to perform MDA in the absence
of primers. Thus, we developed a novel isothermal DNA amplification protocol that only
employs one DNAP, without the requirement of exogenous oligonucleotides or primases for
priming of the DNA synthesis. Moreover, the yield of this reaction could be greatly enhanced
by the addition of the more efficient and processive Φ29DNAP, reaching similar o higher
amplification rates than other commercially available methods in the tested conditions.
In summary, our results show that some faithful PolBs can combine high processivity and
TLS capacity. Thus, the characterization of new naturally occurring DNAPs or engineered
enzymes, as well as the variation of metallic cofactors can contribute to the development of
methods for isothermal amplification of damaged DNA samples or novel efficient MDA
protocol
Descripción y análisis longitudinal de los valores asociados a la práctica de educación física en educación secundaria obligatoria y primero de bachillerato y su relación con determinadas variables psicológicas
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación, Departamento de Educación Física, Deporte y Motricidad Humana. Fecha de Lectura: 03-07-2023Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 03-01-202
Nuevas estrategias para la funcionalización fotocatalítica de arenos y dobles enlaces
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Fecha de Lectura: 07-07-2023Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 07-01-2025This work has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC-CoG, number of contract 647550), European Structural Funds (S2018/NMT-4367), the Spanish Goverment (RTI2018-095038-B100, PID2019-110091GB-I00), Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (SI1/PJI/2019-00237), proyectos sinérgicos I+D (Y2020/NMT-6469) as well as by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU18/04075 predoctoral fellowship
Análisis de la estructura latente de los fundamentos morales
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología. Fecha de Lectura: 26-07-2023Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 26-01-2025La Teoría de los Fundamentos Morales (MFT) de Haidt y cols. es posiblemente la teoría de Psicología Moral que más impacto académico ha tenido en este siglo.
Dicha teoría plantea un modelo para la moral humana compuesto de cinco grandes categorías o fundamentos morales, Cuidado/Daño, Justicia/engaño, Lealtad/Traición, Autoridad/Subversión y Pureza/Degradación. Según la MFT, cada fundamento moral constituiría un conjunto de intuiciones morales que ya estarían presentes de forma muy rudimentaria desde el nacimiento, pero que se desarrollarían dialécticamente con la estructura moral del grupo en el cual el individuo evoluciona desde la infancia. Este proceso llevaría a la emergencia y evolución de configuraciones morales específicas para cada grupo, llamadas matrices morales, que serían compartidas por sus miembros, y que serían significativamente diferentes a las configuraciones morales de otros grupos, lo cual facilitaría la aparición de ciertos conflictos o prejuicios intergrupales. Por ejemplo, para la MFT, mientras que los liberales mostrarían una matriz moral compuesta principalmente por los fundamentos de Cuidado/Daño y Justicia/Engaño, los conservadores mostrarían una matriz moral en la que los cinco fundamentos tendrían la misma importancia.
Las hipótesis realizadas por la MFT acerca de las diferencias entre liberales y conservadores han sido objeto de gran interés por la comunidad académica, y ha producido una gran cantidad de evidencia empírica a su favor, tanto dentro como fuera de EEUU. El éxito de la MFT también ha traído consigo numerosas críticas, dirigidas tanto a la validez de sus hipótesis, como también a sus propios presupuestos teóricos.
No obstante, y pese a la visibilidad que ha adquirido la MFT, tanto respecto a la evidencia empírica recogida en su marco, como en el número de críticas recibidas, no ha habido ningún estudio que haya tratado de comprobar los presupuestos de la MFT utilizando análisis alternativos de los datos generados por sus autores. Por ejemplo, pese a que las críticas de índole metodológica referidas a la fiabilidad de la MFQ30 (alfas, índices de ajuste, número de factores del modelo) han sido numerosas, la conveniencia de utilizar el análisis factorial en el seno de un modelo categorial para comprobar que las personas se agrupan en torno a configuraciones específicas, no ha sido puesto en duda, a día de hoy, por ningún investigador.
Por ello, el objetivo de esta tesis ha sido doble. En primer lugar, se ha tratado de comprobar desde una perspectiva metodológica rigurosa los presupuestos de la MFT. Si la MFT presupone la emergencia de grupos morales específicos, es necesario utilizar una metodología de clase latente y/o perfil latente para comprobar si dicha emergencia se produce. En segundo lugar, esta tesis ha tratado de acumular evidencias de validez de una estructura latente alternativa a la de las cinco categorías de la MFT, que tenga sustantividad teórica, y que resuelva algunas de las críticas más importantes recibidas por la MFT.
Estos objetivos se han llevado a cabo con éxito a través de ocho estudios empíricos, en los cuales, se ha acumulado evidencia a favor de dos conclusiones fundamentales: (1) Las matrices morales, tal y como las plantea la MFT, posiblemente no existen. (2) Las personas no se agrupan en configuraciones morales específicas, ni en torno a una serie de categorías morales concretas, sino que parecen ordenarse en dos dimensiones morales generales, Moralismo General y Orientación Moral, que superan la distinción categorial planteada por la MF
Valorization to hydrogen of bio-oil aqueous fractions from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis by aqueous phase reforming over Pt/C catalyst
No full textAqueous phase reforming was studied for the valorization to hydrogen of the aqueous fraction of bio-oil from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. Aqueous phase reforming was carried out at 220 °C with a 3 % wt. Pt/carbon catalyst and an aqueous fraction of bio-oil feed containing 1 % wt. of organic matter. Binary and multicomponent mixtures representing aqueous fractions of bio-oil were studied. Strong hydrogen production dependence on aqueous fraction of bio-oil composition was evidenced. Higher processability was obtained for aqueous fractions of bio-oil rich in levoglucosan and hydroxyacetone, reaching a hydrogen production close to 40 mmol per gram of organic carbon, whereas furfural and acetic acid hampered reforming. A significant influence of minority components such as methanol and, particularly, formic acid, was observed. These components improved reforming of the whole multicomponent mixture, showing that blending with biorefinery fractions rich in them can improve the applicability of aqueous phase reforming. The catalyst exhibited stable activity and hydrogen production after 5 reaction cycles and more than 20 h. An increase in selectivity was observed during cycles 2 and 3, which was studied by characterization of fresh and used catalysts to show structure-selectivity relationships. No significant variation of Pt2+/Pt0 and metal particle mean diameter were observed, but Pt nanoparticles underwent morphological changes leading to higher prevalence of low coordination sites, in particular step-edge sites on the particle surface, resulting in higher hydrogen production. Temperature programmed desorption and oxidation analysis showed a cumulative deposition of reaction byproducts on the catalyst surface that contributed to loss of activityThis work was supported by Community of Madrid (research network BIO3, P2018/EMT-4344) and Ministry of Science and Innovation (Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, project HYDROCIRCLE, TED2021-130054B-I00). Jessica Justicia thanks supporting from Ministry of Science, Innovation and University trough the project WASTEVALOR (PID2019-108445RB-I00