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Topological data analysis in air traffic management: The shape of big flight data sets
No full textAnalyzing flight trajectory data sets poses challenges due to the intricate interconnections among various factors and the high dimensionality of the data. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) is a way of analyzing big data sets focusing on the topological features this datasets have as point clouds in some metric space. Techniques as the ones that TDA pro-vides are suitable for dealing with high dimensionality and intricate interconnections. This paper introduces TDA and its tools and methods as a way to derive meaningful insights from ATM data. Our focus is on employing TDA to extract valuable information related to airports. Specifically, by utilizing persistence landscapes (a potent TDA tool) we generate footprints for each airport. These footprints, obtained by averaging over a specific time period, are based on the deviation of trajectories and delays. We apply this method to the set of Spanish’ airports in the Summer Season of 2018. Remarkably, our results align with the established Spanish airport classification and raise intriguing questions for further exploration. This analysis serves as a proof of concept, showcasing the potential application of TDA in the ATM field. While previous works have outlined the general applicability of TDA in aviation, this paper marks the first comprehensive application of TDA to a substantial volume of ATM data. Finally, we present conclusions and guidelines to address future challenges in the ATM domainManuel Cuerno was supported in part by the Formación del Personal Investigador Graduate Research Grant (PRE2018-084109). He and Luis Guijarro were also supported in part by research grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (MTM2017-85934-C3-2-P and PID2021-124195NB-C32). Finally, this work has also been supported by the Department of Mathematics of CUNEF University, Madrid, Spain
Replacing the natural savanna matrix with eucalyptus plantations and soybean fields changes the seed rain promoted by bats in Amazonian savannas
No full textAmazonian savannas are a mosaic dominated by shrub or herbaceous vegetation (savannas) that surrounds other habitats, such as forest patches. For bats, the savanna functions as a permeable matrix, and its replacement by agricultural systems can alter the way bats use the matrix and therefore the movement of individuals between forest patches. Our aim was to understand the consequences for taxonomic and functional diversity of replacing natural savannas with eucalyptus plantations and soybean fields in phyllostomid and mormoopid bats. We used Generalised Linear Mixed Models to: 1) compare bat assemblages from forest patches and savannas in ten natural landscapes of the northeastern Brazilian Amazon with forest patches and agricultural systems in seven cultivated landscapes with soybean fields and seven with eucalyptus plantation; and 2) investigate how the agricultural system cover in the landscape, the structural complexity of the matrix and the local availability of fruits change bat assemblages. The replacement of natural savanna with eucalyptus plantations and soybean fields leads to changes in the bat assemblage both in the matrix itself and in forest patches surrounded by this modified matrix. We found that bats continue to use the landscape after the savanna matrix is replaced with eucalyptus plantations, but stop using the matrix when it becomes a soybean field. In forest patches, we found higher species richness but lower functional and taxonomic evenness in eucalyptus landscapes, and higher bat densities (refuge effect) due to a decrease in matrix permeability in soybean landscapes. Considering all landscapes, bats’ response to matrix change is explained by the matrix vegetation height, fruit availability and the agricultural system cover. The results show the importance of matrix management for conservation of species within forest fragment refuges in anthropized landscapes. We conclude that forest patches in anthropized landscapes should be conserved, but that savanna remnants must also be prioritised in order to maintain landscape heterogeneity and the movement of individuals between forest patches. Furthermore, established in soybean fields to provide a more bat-friendly matrix. Finally, implementing laws targeted to maintaining natural habitats’ heterogeneity within each biome could improve landscape managementarboreal or shrubby elements should be established in soybean fields to provide a more bat-friendly matrix. Finally, implementing laws targeted to maintaining natural habitats’ heterogeneity within each biome could improve landscape managementThis work was supported by the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [grant numbers 8888.424975/2019–01], the Rufford Foundation [grant numbers 25585–1], the Bat Conservation International [grant numbers 2434131], the National Geographic Society [grant numbers EC-59186R- 19 and NGS-83254R-20], the Neotropical Grassland Conservancy [grant numbers 01098803–5]. BSX is supported by Fundaçao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ [grant numbers E- 200.273/2025 SEI-RJ 260003/001181/2025 and E-26/200.274/2025 SEI-RJ 260003/001181/2025]. JMP is supported by CE3C (Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes) and CHANGE (Global Changes and Sustainability Institute), funded by Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia - FCT [grant numbers UIDB/00329/2020 and LA/ P/0121/2020]. KM is supported by an ‘Ayuda Beatriz Galindo’, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities and the Complutense University of Madrid [grant numbers BG22/00121]. AMCS was supported by a Spanish Ram´ on y Cajal fellowship, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033, and by “ESF Investing in your future.” [grant numbers RYC2020–029407-I]. MVV was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico - CNPq [grant numbers 308.974/2015–8 and 441.589/ 2016–2], and Fundaçao de Amparo ` a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ [grant numbers E- 203.045/2017]. WDC was supported by “Ayudas Maria Zambrano”, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities [grant numbers CA3/ RSUE/2021–00197
The Steles of the Constitution. Rituality, public space and iconoclasm in Hispanic liberalism (1812-1874)
No full textDurante el periodo comprendido entre la proclamación de la Constitución de Cádiz y el final del Sexenio Democrático, las conocidas como lápidas constitucionales constituyeron el principal símbolo monumental y objeto político del orden liberal. Generalmente consistentes en una placa de piedra o mármol, levantadas espontáneamente o por mandato de la autoridad, su presencia marcaba la adhesión de una localidad a la Constitución. En un proceso que tuvo su auge durante el Trienio, las lápidas de la Constitución se convirtieron además en el principal objetivo de aquellos que buscaban subvertir ese mismo orden, con un repertorio iconoclasta que ponía en cuestión el Estado liberal a través de la destrucción física de la propia lápida. El presente artículo busca abordar este doble proceso de sacralización e iconoclastia, con el objetivo de entender el papel de la lápida en los procesos de politización durante la construcción del orden liberal. Para ello, se hará uso de un amplio rango de ejemplos procedentes de panfletos, prensa, crónicas y literatura secundaria, considerados a la luz de la historiografía más reciente sobre el fenómeno de la iconoclastia. La lápida constitucional constituye así un excelente observatorio desde el que abordar la historia política del siglo xix, sirviendo de hilo conductor a toda una serie de cuestiones que incluyen la fiesta contrarrevolucionaria, la ritualidad, el simbolismo y los repertorios de acción colectiva de las culturas políticas en disputa durante el periodoDuring the period between the proclamation of the Cadiz Constitution and the end of the Democratic Sexennium, the so-called constitutional steles constituted the main monumental symbol and political object of the new liberal order. Such steles generally consisted of a plaque made of stone or marble, and their presence signaled the attachment of a specific town or city to the Constitution. In a process that started during the 1820 revolutionary cycle, the steles of the constitution became also the main target of those who intended to subvert the liberal order. They did so through an iconoclast repertoire that challenged such order through the physical destruction of the steles themselves. This paper approaches this double process of sacralization and iconoclasm. Its main goal is to understand the role of the stele in the politicization processes during the construction of the liberal order. To achieve this, this paper will use a wide range of examples taken from leaflets, newspapers, chronicles and secondary literature. These examples will be considered through the most recent scholarship on iconoclasm as a political phenomenon. The constitutional stele constitutes an excellent observatory from which to trace issues that include (counter)revolutionary festivals, rituality, symbolism, and the repertoires of collective action of the different political cultures in dispute during the periodEste artículo se enmarca en los proyectos PID2023-146937NB-I00 «Poderes en la sombra. Opinión pública, complots y teorías de la conspiración en el mundo contemporáneo (1789-1914)»; PID2022-142050NB-C22 «Transformaciones sociales en Madrid y la monarquía hispánica en la Edad Moderna. Movimientos ascendentes y descendentes entre cambios y resistencias»; PID2023-148521NB-I00 «Las clases medias: una historia cultural y transnacional de la era de las revoluciones y el advenimiento de la sociedad posindustrial (MESOC)»; PID2020-114496RB-I00 «Disrupciones y continuidades en el proceso de la modernidad, siglos xvi-xix. Un análisis multidisciplinar»; PIC2-2023-15 «Los orígenes de la policía en la España contemporánea: la Superintendencia General de Policía en perspectiva global (1824-1835) (ORPOL)»; así como los grupos de investigación H02_23R «Politización y políticas del pasado en la España contemporánea» del Gobierno de Aragón; GIR NIEL «Nación e identidades en España y América Latina» de la USAL; «Escalas. Grupo de investigación en historia conectada de la contemporaneidad» de la UAM, y una ayuda Margarita Salas CA4/RSUE/2022-00259 financiada por el Ministerio de Universidades, NextGenerationEU/PRTR y la UA
Abatacept in usual and in non-specific interstitial pneumonia associated with rheumatoid arthritis
No full textObjective: To compare the effectiveness of abatacept (ABA) in Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease (RA-ILD) according to the radiological patterns of usual (UIP) or non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Methods: From an observational longitudinal multicentre study of 263 RA-ILD patients treated with ABA, those with UIP or NSIP were selected. Lung function, chest high resolution computerised tomography (HRCT) and dyspnoea were recorded and compared in both groups from baseline to the end of follow-up (progression definitions: improvement or worsening >10% of FVC or DLCO, changes in HRCT extension and 1-point change in the mMRC scale, respectively). Differences between final and baseline visits were calculated as the average difference (95% CI) through mixed effects models regression. Results: We studied 190 patients with UIP (n=106) and NSIP (n=84). General features were similar in both groups except for older age, positive rheumatoid factor, and previous sulfasalazine therapy, which were more frequent in patients with UIP. ILD duration up to ABA initiation was relatively short: median 16 [4-50] and 11 [2- 36] months (p=0.36) in UIP and NSIP, respectively. Mean baseline FVC and DLCO were 82% and 63% in UIP and 89% and 65% in NSIP, respectively. Both parameters remained stable during 24 months with ABA. HRCT lesions and dyspnoea improved/stabilized in 73.1% and 90.5% and 72.9% and 94.6% of UIP and NSIP patterns, respectively. Conclusion: ABA seems equally effective in stabilizing dyspnoea, lung function and radiological impairment in both UIP and NSIP patterns of RA-ILD. Early administration of ABA may prevent RA-ILD progression, regardless of the radiological patter
¿Oraciones finales insubordinadas en griego antiguo?
No full textEl presente trabajo se propone indagar si, como en griego postclásico, hay oraciones finales
insubordinadas en griego arcaico y clásico. Para ello se han analizado las oraciones finales
de ἵνα, ὡς, ὅπως y ὄφρα de Homero, Esquilo, Sófocles, Eurípides, Aristófanes y Menandro.
No se han encontrado ejemplos inequívocos de finales insubordinadas, pero sí ejemplos de
lo que parece ser la fuente de la construcción insubordinada. Los hay de dos clases. Una clase
está integrada por oraciones finales sin supraordinada que configuran la segunda parte de un
par adyacente de orden/rechazo y cuya supraordinada se puede reconstruir solo parcialmente.
La otra está representada por oraciones finales que pueden interpretarse como insubordinadas
o como subordinadas de contraste, es decir, como finales que expresan la ruptura de una
expectativa. La imposibilidad de conocer la entonación con que eran pronunciadas impide
la desambiguaciónThis paper aims to investigate whether, as in post-classical Greek, insubordinate purpose
clauses can be found in archaic and classical Greek. To this end, purpose clauses introduced
by ἵνα, ὡς, ὅπως, and ὄφρα have been analyzed in the works of Homer, Aeschylus,
Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, and Menander. Although no unequivocal examples
of insubordinate purpose clauses were found, instances have been identified that seem
to represent the source of the insubordinate construction. These examples fall into two
categories. The first consists of purpose clauses without a main clause, forming the second
part of a command/rejection adjacency pair, where the main clause can only be partially reconstructed. The second category includes purpose clauses that could be interpreted
either as insubordinate or as subordinate clauses expressing contrast, that is, as purpose
clauses conveying the rupture of an expectation. The inability to ascertain the intonation
with which these purpose clauses were uttered prevents disambiguationEl presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación Gramática de la
interacción en griego antiguo: Elementos parentéticos en la conversación (PID2022-
138136NB-I00), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidade
Glucose metabolism outcomes after pituitary surgery in patients with acromegaly
No full textArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMAim: To investigate the impact of pituitary surgery on glucose metabolism and to identify predictors of remission of diabetes after pituitary surgery in patients with acromegaly.
Methods: A national multicenter retrospective study of patients with acromegaly undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for the first time at 33 tertiary Spanish hospitals (ACRO-SPAIN study) was performed. Surgical remission of acromegaly was evaluated according to the 2000 and 2010 criteria.
Results: A total of 604 acromegaly patients were included in the study with a total median follow up of 91 months (interquartile range [IQR] 45-163). At the acromegaly diagnosis, 23.8% of the patients had diabetes mellitus (DM) with a median glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 6.9% (IQR 6.4-7.9) [51.9 mmol/mol (IQR 46.4-62.8)]. In the multivariate analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), dyslipidemia (OR 5.25, 95% CI 2.81 to 9.79), arthropathy (OR 1.39, 95% CI 2.82 to 9.79), and higher IGF-I levels (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.60) were associated with a greater prevalence of DM. At the last follow-up visit after surgery, 21.1% of the DM patients (56.7% of them with surgical remission of acromegaly) experienced diabetes remission. The cure rate of DM was more common in older patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1.77, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.43), when surgical cure was achieved (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.37) and when anterior pituitary function was not affected after surgery (HR 3.38, 95% CI 1.17 to 9.75).
Conclusion: Glucose metabolism improved in patients with acromegaly after surgery and 21% of the diabetic patients experienced diabetes remission; being more frequent in patients of older age, and those who experienced surgical cure and those with preserved anterior pituitary function after surgeryThis research was funded by Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN): “Impacto de la co-secreción de prolactina en la expresión de marcadores moleculares y en la respuesta al tratamiento con análogos de somatostatina y agonistas dopaminérgicos en pacientes con acromegalia
The feedback driven atomic scale Josephson microscope
No full textThe ultimate spatial limit to establish a Josephson coupling between two superconducting electrodes is an atomic-scale junction. The Josephson effect in such ultrasmall junctions has been used to unveil new switching dynamics, study coupling close to superconducting bound states or reveal non-reciprocal effects. However, the Josephson coupling is weak and the sensitivity to temperature reduces the Cooper pair current magnitude. Here we show that a feedback element induces a time-dependent bistable regime which consists of spontaneous periodic oscillations between two different Cooper pair tunneling states (corresponding to the DC and AC Josephson regimes respectively). The amplitude of the time-averaged current within the bistable regime is almost independent of temperature. By tracing the periodic oscillations in the new bistable regime as a function of the position in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope, we obtain atomic scale maps of the critical current in 2H-NbSe2 and find spatial modulations due to a pair density wave. Our results fundamentally improve our understanding of atomic size Josephson junctions including a feedback element in the circuit and provide a promising new route to study superconducting materials through atomic scale maps of the Josephson couplingSupport by the Spanish Research State Agency (PID2020-114071RB-I00, PID2020-117671GB-100, PDC2021-121086-I00, TED2021-130546B-I00, PID2023-150148OB-I00, CEX2023-001316-M and CEX2018-000805-M), the European Research Council PNICTEYES through grant agreement 679080, the EU through grant agreement No 871106, grants No. PID2021-122769NB-I00 and No. PID2021-125343NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by the Comunidad de Madrid through program NANOFRONTMAG-CM (S2013/MIT-2850) is acknowledged. We have benefitted from collaborations through EU program Cost CA21144 (superqumap), and from SEGAINVEX at UAM in the design and construction of STM and cryogenic equipmen
Phylogenetic Insights from a Novel Rehubryum Species Challenge Generic Boundaries in Orthotrichaceae
No full textIn recent years, phylogenomic approaches have significantly deepened our understanding
of moss diversity. These techniques have uncovered numerous previously overlooked
species and provided greater clarity in resolving complex taxonomic relationships. In this
context, the genus Rehubryum is particularly outstanding, because of its close morphological
similarity to both Ulota and Atlantichella. The challenges posed by its segregation
are addressed in this study, which integrates morphological and molecular data to reassess
the circumscription of Rehubryum and its phylogenetic placement within the subtribe
Lewinskyinae. Our results support the recognition of a new species, R. kiwi, and show
that its inclusion within the genus further complicates the morphological delimitation of
Rehubryum from Ulota, as both genera are distinguishable by only two consistent gametophytic
characteristics: a submarginal leaf band of elongated cells, and the presence of
geminate denticulations in the margins of the basal half of the leaf. Moreover, R. kiwi challenges
the current morphological circumscription of Rehubryum itself, as it overlaps in key
characteristics with its sister genus Atlantichella, rendering their morphological separation
untenable. The striking interhemispheric disjunction between Rehubryum and Atlantichella
raises new questions about long-distance dispersal and historical biogeography in mosses,
despite these complexities at the generic level. Nevertheless, species-level distinctions
remain well defined, especially in sporophytic traits and geographic distribution. These
findings highlight the pervasive cryptic diversity within Orthotrichaceae, underscoring
the need for integrative taxonomic frameworks that synthesize morphology, molecular
phylogenetics, and biogeography to resolve evolutionary historiesThe authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Research Agency of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115149GB-C21 and PID2020-115149GB-C22). N. Matanov has a PhD research contract from the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain (CIACIF/2021/056). P. Aguado-Ramsay has received financial support from the Autonomous Community of Madrid
(PIPF-2022/ECO-24575
Executive summary of the consensus document on point-of-care ultrasound implementation: recommendations from the Clinical Ultrasound Working Groups of SEMI, SEDAR, SEGG, SEMERGEN, SEMES, SEMFYC and SEMG
No full textArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMLa ecografía clínica ha evolucionado significativamente, consolidándose como una herramienta esencial en la práctica médica diaria, especialmente en múltiples contextos clínicos. Este documento de consenso, apoyado por diversas sociedades médicas españolas, propone directrices para la integración efectiva de la ecografía en la atención médica, promoviendo su estandarización y garantizando la calidad y la aplicación sistemática de esta técnica. Los grupos de trabajo, compuestos por expertos de distintas especialidades, realizaron una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura en MEDLINE y discutieron extensamente las recomendaciones para formular un conjunto coherente y práctico de indicaciones según los distintos ámbitos de aplicación: urgencias hospitalarias/extrahospitalarias y cuidados críticos, atención primaria y nivel hospitalario ambulatorio y hospitalización.
La metodología incluyó reuniones virtuales y votaciones confidenciales para alcanzar un consenso sobre las recomendaciones pertinentes. La ecografía se destacó como fundamental en la primera aproximación a diversas enfermedades, como problemas abdominales, torácicos, y musculoesqueléticos, facilitando diagnósticos rápidos y precisos, y reduciendo la necesidad de derivaciones innecesarias. Asimismo, esta técnica ha demostrado ser valiosa en urgencias y cuidados críticos, guiando procedimientos y mejorando la seguridad y la eficiencia de las intervenciones clínicas.
Estas directrices no solo sirven como un marco para la práctica clínica, la educación y la investigación, sino que también buscan asegurar que los profesionales estén debidamente capacitados y que las evaluaciones ecográficas se realicen con un estándar de excelencia. El propósito de estas recomendaciones es homogenizar y facilitar la adopción de esta herramienta clínica en el día a día de la atención médica, mejorando así la calidad del servicio prestado en sus diversas aplicaciones posiblesPoint-of-Care Ultrasound has significantly evolved, establishing itself as an essential tool in daily medical practice, especially in various clinical contexts. This consensus document, supported by several Spanish medical societies, proposes guidelines for the effective integration of ultrasound in healthcare, promoting its standardization and ensuring the quality and systematic application of this technique. The working groups, composed of experts from different specialties, conducted a comprehensive review of the literature in MEDLINE and extensively discussed recommendations to formulate a coherent and practical set of guidelines for different application areas: hospital and out-of-hospital emergencies and critical care, primary care, and outpatient hospital care, hospitalization.
The methodology included virtual meetings and confidential voting to reach a consensus on the relevant recommendations. Ultrasound was highlighted as fundamental in the initial approach to various pathologies, such as abdominal, thoracic, and musculoskeletal issues, facilitating quick and accurate diagnoses, and reducing the need for unnecessary referrals. Furthermore, this technique has proven valuable in emergencies and critical care, guiding procedures and enhancing the safety and efficiency of clinical interventions.
These guidelines not only serve as a framework for clinical practice, education, and research but also aim to ensure that professionals are adequately trained and that ultrasound evaluations are performed to a standard of excellence. The purpose of these recommendations is to standardize and facilitate the adoption of this clinical tool in the daily practice of healthcare, thus improving the quality of the services provided in its various possible application
Sequential synchronous mechanism for double-electron capture: Insights into unforeseen large cross sections in low-energy Sn3++ H2 collisions
No full textRemarkably large double electron capture cross sections, on the scale of 10-15 cm2, are observed in low-energy (<50 eV/u) collisions between Sn3+ and H2. Given that the reaction is energetically highly unfavorable, one would expect negligibly small cross sections. Through the propagation of vibrational wave packets on coupled multiple potential energy surfaces, a novel charge transfer mechanism, driven in tandem by ion motion and molecular vibration, is revealed, offering insights into the unusual energy dependence of the measured cross section