Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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A case for a reason-based theory of argument submission date
No full textA very basic intuition is that argumentation is about giving reasons. This is recognized, for example, when it is stated that the object of study of argumentation theory is argumentative practices that consist, in whole or in part, but, at least, to a significant extent, of asking for, giving, and examining reasons. But this consensus does not translate into theory. In fact, reasons occupy a modest place in argumentation theory. Logical properties can be understood in terms of reasons or in terms of inferences, and in this sense, we can contrast reasons-based theories of argument with inference-based theories of argument. I will first show that the distinction between reasons-based and inference-based theories of argument is robust, and that there is a real difference between them. I will then argue that, as far as argumentation is concerned, a logical approach based on reasons is preferable to one based on inferencesThis research has been funded by the Research Project “Argumentative practices and the pragmatics of reasons 2”, PID2022-136423NB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe
Tiktok in teacher training: a resource for educational innovation in the UAM Teacher's Degrees in Early Childhood Education and Primary Education
No full textO projeto “TikTok como recurso para a inovação educacional nas Licenciaturas em Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental da Universidade Autônoma de Madrid” busca melhorar a digitalização da aprendizagem musical por meio do TikTok. A partir da conta @educamusicuam, os alunos de educação musical desses cursos gravaram e compartilharam vídeos sobre aprendizagem musical, performance e metodologias de dança para adquirir competências musicais. Usando uma metodologia mista, este estudo avalia o impacto do TikTok na aquisição dessas habilidades musicais e digitais e o uso responsável das redes sociais por meio de questionários aplicados antes e depois do projeto para coletar as opiniões dos participantes. Os resultados destacam o potencial do TikTok como uma ferramenta educacional na educação musical, ressaltando sua alta frequência de uso e diversidade de propósitos educacionais. No entanto, foram identificadas áreas de melhoria no conteúdo especializado. Também é observada uma correlação entre a educação musical dos alunos e o uso do TikTok para aprender recursos didáticos musicais. O projeto confirma, com base nas experiências dos estudantes, que o TikTok é uma ferramenta educacional eficaz e um agente de socialização global, útil para a aquisição de habilidades musicais e digitais, destacando a necessidade de adaptar o conteúdo para uma transferência eficaz para diferentes públicos e objetivos pedagógicosThe project “TikTok as a resource for educational innovation in the degrees of Teacher in Early Childhood Education and Primary Education” at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid seeks to improve the digitization of musical learning through TikTok. Through the account @educamusicuam, Music Education students recorded and shared videos on musical learning methodologies, performance, and dance. Using a mixed methodology, this study evaluates the impact of TikTok on the acquisition of musical and digital skills and the responsible use of social networks through questionnaires applied before and after the project. The results highlight the potential of TikTok as an educational tool in Music Education, underlining its high frequency of use and diversity of educational purposes. However, areas for improvement in specialized content are identified. A correlation is also observed between the musical education of students and the use of TikTok to learn musical didactic resources. The project confirms that TikTok is an effective educational tool and a global socialization agent, useful for acquiring musical and digital skills, highlighting the need to adapt the content for effective transfer to diverse audiences and pedagogical objectivesEl proyecto “TikTok como recurso de innovación educativa en los grados de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria” de la UniversidadAutónoma de Madridbusca mejorar la digitalización del aprendizaje musical mediante TikTok. A través de la cuenta @educamusicuam, estudiantes de Educación Musical de estos grados grabaron y compartieron vídeos sobre metodologías de aprendizaje musical, interpretación y danza para adquirir competencias musicales. Utilizando una metodología mixta, este estudio evalúa el impacto de TikTok en la adquisición de dichas competencias musicales, digitales y el uso responsable de redes sociales mediante cuestionarios aplicados antes y después del proyecto para recoger las opiniones de los participantes. Los resultados destacan el potencial de TikTok como herramienta educativa en Educación Musical, subrayando su alta frecuencia de uso y diversidad de propósitos educativos. No obstante, se identifican áreas de mejora en contenidos especializados. También se observa una correlación entre la formación musical de los estudiantes y el uso de TikTok para aprender recursos didácticos musicales. El proyecto confirma, en base a las experiencias del alumnado, que TikTok es una herramienta educativa eficaz y un agente de socialización global, útil para adquirir competencias musicales y digitales, destacando la necesidad de adaptar el contenido para una transferencia efectiva a diversos públicos y objetivos pedagógico
Persuasión
No full textAlgunos autores diferencian entre los términos “convencer” y “persuadir”, definiendo el primero como el proceso de influir en el estado mental y el segundo como el acto de modificar la voluntad y el comportamiento. No obstante, independientemente de la terminología empleada, se ha demostrado que los esfuerzos persuasivos orientados a cambiar el comportamiento operan, en última instancia, a través de la influencia de las percepciones y pensamientos de las personas sobre el tema en cuestión. A menudo se confunden la coerción, la manipulación y el engaño con la persuasión. Si bien tanto la coerción como la persuasión buscan ejercer influencia sobre los individuos, es crucial destacar que sus diferencias son significativas En este cuadernillo se comienza abordando las diferencias entre coerción, manipulación, engaño y persuasión, para, a continuación, abordar el concepto de actitudes y las variables y procesos implicados en el cambio actitudinal. Finalmente, se aborda el concepto de ética de la persuasión en el contexto de la donación de órgano
Comentario a la STS de 4 de mayo de 2022 (RJ 2022, 2137). El privilegio crediticio de la comunidad de propietarios por las cuotas impagadas por un propietario (art. 9.1.e) LPH)
No full textUna comunidad de propietarios reclama a un propietario el pago de una serie de cuotas correspondientes a los gastos generales para el sostenimiento del inmueble. Ejercita una tercería de mejor derecho frente al acreedor hipotecario de aquél, con el fin de obtener la preferencia para el cobro de su crédito conforme al artículo 9.1.e) LPH. El Tribunal Supremo se plantea el plazo que abarca la preferencia establecida en ese precepto, fijándolo en el momento de presentación de la demandaThe owners of a condominium claim to an owner the payment of fees corresponding to the general expenses for the maintenance of the property. They exercise a third-party preference claim against the mortgagee of the debtor, in order to obtain preference for the collection of their credit in accordance with article 9.1.e) of the Law of Condominium. The Supreme Court considers the term covered by the preference established in that Article is set at the time of filing the law sui
Supplementation with the Postbiotic BPL1™-HT (Heat-Inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis) Attenuates the Cardiovascular Alterations Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion in Mice
No full textHypertension is associated with alterations in the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Indeed, supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics has shown promising results in modulating the gut microbiota and improving cardiovascular health. However, there are no studies regarding the possible beneficial effects of postbiotics on cardiovascular function and particularly on hypertension-induced cardiovascular alterations. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of supplementation with the heat-treated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 strain (BPL1™ HT), a postbiotic developed by the company ADM-Biopolis, on cardiovascular alterations induced by angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in mice. For this purpose, three groups of C57BL/6J male mice were used: (i) mice infused with saline (control); (ii) mice infused with AngII for 4 weeks (AngII); and (iii) mice supplemented with BPL1™ HT in the drinking water (1010 cells/animal/day) for 8 weeks and infused with AngII for the last 4 weeks (AngII + BPL1™ HT). AngII infusion was associated with heart hypertrophy, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in aortic tissue. BPL1™ HT supplementation reduced systolic blood pressure and attenuated AngII-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic segments. Moreover, mice supplemented with BPL1™ HT showed a decreased gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (Il-6) and the prooxidant enzymes NADPH oxidases 1 (Nox-1) and 4 (Nox-4), as well as an overexpression of AngII receptor 2 (At2r) and interleukin 10 (Il-10) in arterial tissue. In the heart, BPL1™ HT supplementation increased myocardial contractility and prevented ischemia–reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, supplementation with the postbiotic BPL1™ HT prevents endothelial dysfunction, lowers blood pressure, and has cardioprotective effects in an experimental model of hypertension induced by AngII infusion in miceThis work has been funded by the company ADM Wild/Biopolis. Community of Madrid funded the contract of Mario de la Fuente Muñoz (PEJ-2020-AI/BMD-19155) through the Youth Employment Progra
Mechanistic insights into the metabolic pathways of vanillin: unraveling cytochrome P450 interaction mechanisms and implications for food safety
No full textVanillin, a key flavor compound found in vanilla beans, is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its aromatic properties and potential therapeutic benefits. This study presents a comprehensive quantum chemical analysis to elucidate the interaction mechanisms of vanillin with CYP450 enzymes, with a focus on mechanism-based inactivation. Three potential inactivation pathways were evaluated: aldehyde deformylation, methoxy dealkylation, and acetal formation. Aldehyde deformylation was identified as the most energy-efficient, involving the removal of the aldehyde group from vanillin and leading to the formation of benzyne intermediates that could react with the iron porphyrin moiety of CYP450, potentially resulting in enzyme inactivation. Further investigation into the interactions of vanillin with CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 was conducted using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The docking analyses supported the findings from DFT studies, wherein vanillin revealed high binding affinities with the studied isozymes. Moreover, vanillin occupied the main binding site in both isozymes, as evidenced by the inclusion of the heme moiety in their binding mechanisms. Employing a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation, we scrutinized the interaction dynamics between vanillin and the two isozymes of CYP450. The assessment of various MD parameters along with interaction energies revealed that vanillin exhibited stable trajectories and substantial energy stabilization during its interaction with both CYP450 isozymes. These insights can guide future research and ensure the safe application of vanillin, especially in scenarios where it may interact with CYP450 enzymesThis project was funded by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R1078), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work was carried out with support from the project PID2023-150717NB-I00 from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades in Spain and the PRIES-CM project Ref: Y2020/EMT-6290 from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madri
Adolescents' chronotype and its association with obesity-related outcomes: The EHDLA study
No full textObjective: This study aimed to assess associations between chronotype and obesity-related indicators in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study, which included a representative sample of adolescents from Spain. A total of 820 adolescents (54.7% girls) aged 12–17 years were included in the analyses. The adolescents' chronotype was determined using the Morningness/Eveningness Scale in Children. Obesity-related indicators included body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, triceps and medial calf skinfolds, sum of skinfolds, and body fat percentage. Generalized linear models were used to examine the relationship between the Morningness-Eveningness score and chronotype status and the above-mentioned obesity-related indicators in adolescents. All analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, sleep duration, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and energy intake. Results: The morningness chronotype was associated with higher abdominal obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 2.50; p = 0.001), waist-to-height ratio (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 0.01, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05; p = 0.029) and skinfold calves (B = 1.04 95% CI 0.24 to 1.94; p = 0.011), compared with the intermediate chronotype. Conclusion: Adolescents with a morningness chronotype may be more prone to abdominal obesity than their counterparts with an intermediate chronotype. Effective intervention-related approaches can be applied to those with a morningness chronotyp
Music festivals in small and medium-sized Spanish cities: between place dependency and spatial unboundedness, ongoing festivalization and processes of financialization
No full textThe approach to festivalization concerns a tendency in present-day, western societies to arrange cultural production in a festival-like way. This marks a shift that some scholars argue is a societal phenomenon intertwined with changing consumer habits, social practices, emergent markets, creative city promotion policies and developing government policies. The focus on festivalization as an analytic tool for describing a process of adapting music and musical behaviours to the festival format is already well established in academia. Recently researchers and stakeholders started to witness with serious concern the concentration process in the European live music sector leaded by major groups own stakes in several key steps of the music value chain, such as artist management, ticketing and live distribution (venues and festivals), hampering the competitiveness of small and independent festivals. The innovation of our present contribution lies in our proposal to approach the processes of festivalization as undergone by small and medium-sized cities in Spain, which are both complex and diverse in terms of territorial reality. At the same time, we intend to identify processes of financialization that lead to extractivist models for the music festival, far from those that favour situated cultural and/or productive engagement, as well as from the emergence of festivals that have proven to be fertile for the territories that host them. After an extensive literature review, we have approached the research on the basis of a time-frame from the creation of the first musical festival (1939) that remained active until 2019. We conducted an exhaustive scrutiny of secondary statistical sources as well as specialised yearbooks and websites of the sample of cities and festivals. A database has been built with all this information, which brings together 402 festivals by urban location, date of establishment, number of editions held, musical style, organizing institution, etc. With all this information, an analysis has been carried out using descriptive statistics, tables and cartography. While the initial time-frame was designed to analyze the growth and spread of the different music festivals and their characteristics connected with the process of festivalization, a second and more limited time-frame of 2000–2023 has focused on analysis of the processes of financialization observed in the field. For this purpose, we have carried out exhaustive monitoring of the merger-and-acquisition processes involving foreign investment funds and large multinationals through the sector’s yearbooks and the specialized media. The data and evidence gathered in this contribution show that many small and medium-sized cities consider music festivals to be a valuable asset to culture-led urban policies, both in the pursuit of urban regeneration/local development goals and in their repositioning and diversification as tourist destinations. We have witnessed the unprecedented evolution in the number of festivals over the past three decades; the spread of festivals throughout the urban network, especially in its Mediterranean coast and in metropolitan area settings. The interrelationship between territory and institutionality leads to the identification of two extreme festival types: situated cultural initiatives and practices (festivals with roots and anchorage in a specific locality) and spatially unbounded festivals (without any commitment to the territory and showing extractive behaviour). The former type is mostly dominated by classical, flamenco, jazz/blues, and traditional/world music festivals, while the latter consists almost exclusively of pop/rock and urban multi-style festivals. The high profitability of many of these festivals explains why foreign investment funds have turned their eyes in this direction in recent yearsThis article has been prepared as part of the project "Culture and Territory
in Spain: Processes and Impacts in Small and Medium-Sized Cities" (Ref.
CSO2017-83603-C2-2-R), funded by the State Research Program "Development
and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of Society" of the Spanish
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, under the State Plan for Scientific
and Technical Research and Innovation, 2013-201
Projeto ponto de encontro. Arte participativa realizada por pessoas com e sem diversidade funcional para celebrar a alteridade e promover a inclusão por meio da educação artística
Get PDFA través de este artículo narramos una experiencia artística participativa llevada a cabo por un grupo de personas con y sin diversidad funcional, dentro de un marco artístico- educativo, en la Universidad de Murcia (España). El objetivo general de esta investigación es observar en qué medida, la educación artística, a través de prácticas participativas y relacionales con grupos mixtos, favorece una mirada empática de la alteridad en el alumnado, al tiempo que activa procesos de reconocimiento del otro y favorece la inclusión social. Se ha utilizado una metodología de investigación mixta e interconectada entre dos métodos cualitativos, que son: la observación participante y la investigación basada en las artes (IBA). El análisis de los resultados es de carácter inductivo, ya que busca establecer conclusiones a través de una experiencia concreta, con el fin de que esta propuesta, y sus aciertos, puedan ser extrapolables a otros espacios educativos y artísticos, para promover otras propuestas de encuentros entre personas diversas y fomentar una educación inclusiva a través del art
Effects of the substitution in the two sites on barium titanate properties
Get PDFBarium titanate compound has been studied given their many interesting physico-chemical properties, including their dielectric and ferroelectric behavior. Besides, the introduction of different elements in the barium titanate matrix increases the number of applications in which these compounds can be used. Within this context, in the present work we investigated the effect of doping barium titanate with alkali ions (Ca) and rare earth ions (Er) in Ba sites and by tin ions in Ti sites. The synthesized compound, termed BETS-Ca, was prepared via a solid–solid reaction technique. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the material has a tetragonal symmetry structure. Scanning electron microscopy analysis allowed to identify a dense microstructure with the existence of both grain and grain boundaries. Moreover, optical absorbance and infrared spectra indicated the incorporation of doping elements such as erbium and tin. Additionally, the electric and dielectric properties of the compounds were investigated. AC conductivity analysis suggested that conduction is governed by correlated barriers hopping and non overlapping small polaron tunneling processes. Nyquist plot showed the contribution of both grain and grain boundaries to the conduction. Finally, a ferroelectric-paraelectric transition was found around a specific temperature (TC = 360 K). According to the Curie-Weiss law, this transition has a diffusive characte