Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Mujeres periodistas. Profesionalización y activismo en España, Francia y Reino Unido (1850-1931)
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Historia Contemporánea. Fecha de Lectura: 16-06-2022Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo desde el 12-07-2023 hasta el 12-01-2025La de escritoras y/o periodistas es una de las actividades que permitió a las mujeres en el siglo XIX acceder a la independencia económica. Además, la publicación de hechos, ideas y opiniones ha supuesto una herramienta para el desarrollo de los movimientos sociales, incluido el de la defensa de los derechos de las mujeres. Este trabajo pretende analizar la profesionalización del periodismo para las mujeres y el papel de su actuación en la prensa para la construcción de un discurso feminista en España. Pretendemos analizar estos parámetros en el contexto de los países del entorno europeo para evitar apriorismos que sitúen el caso español en una posición de retraso acientífica. Para ello, hemos adoptado una aproximación comparada con Francia y Reino Unido, en la que la realidad de cada país se sitúa en su contexto político, social y económico, lo que permite contrastar equivalencias y diferencias sin presentismos distorsionadores. Se centra en el periodo cronológico de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y finaliza con el reconocimiento del derecho al voto femenino en España (1931). Utiliza fundamentalmente fuentes hemerográficas y descansa sobre un triple pilar: el periodismo, las biografías y la militancia activista del feminismo en transformación a lo largo de casi un sigloBeing writers and/or journalists is one of the activities than allowed women to gain economic independence in the 19th century. The publication of facts, ideas and opinions has been a tool for the development of social movements, including the defense of women’s rights. This work aims to analize the professionalization of journalism for women and their role in the construction of a feminist discourse in Spain. We will analyze these parameters in the context of the countries of the European environment to avoid a priori approaches that place the Spanish case in a position of unscientific delay. We have adopted a comparative approach with France and the United Kingdom, in which the reality of each country is situated in its political, social and economic context, which would allow to compare equivalences and differences without distortions. Is focused on the chronological period of the second half of the 19th century and ends with the recognition of the right to vote for women in Spain (1931). It fundamentally works with hemerographic sources and is sustained on journalism, biographies and the activist militancy of feminism in transformation over almost a centur
Desarrollo de un sistema “Point of Care” de diagnóstico molecular para la detección del Virus de la Hepatitis C mediante nanosondas-ADN
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de Lectura: 20-07-2022Esta Tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 31-05-202
Vesículas extracelulares alimentarias como vehículo de entrega de ARN exógenos con efectos potenciales sobre la expresión génica del huésped
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de Lectura: 11-11-2022Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 01-07-2025The association between dietary habits and the incidence and prognosis of some highly prevalent chronic diseases is increasingly strong. In fact, recent findings provide evidence on how diet modulates host gene expression at post-transcriptional level, by influencing the consumer microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of essential biological processes. Since miRNAs from foodstuffs have been detected in mammalian blood and tissue samples, it has been suggested that not only food-derived compounds can produce biological effect by influencing the host miRNA profile but also, diet-derived miRNAs may regulate the host gene expression. This discovery converts them into potential powerful candidates for future pharmacological development of dietary miRNAs as therapeutic agents.
In the last decade, it has been postulated that the transfer of food-derived miRNAs may be facilitated by the protection conferred by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which help miRNAs survive to gastrointestinal (GI) conditions and permits their uptake into the intestine and their subsequent transfer to the bloodstream. Indeed, in silico approaches have identified some of these miRNA targets which have been experimentally validated. However, evidence of whether food-derived miRNAs reach cells at minimal doses enough to produce a biological effect, remains scarce and controversial. Considering the above, this doctoral thesis aimed to: i) evaluate the biological effect of exogenous miRNAs carried by extracellular vesicles, particularly from bovine milk and broccoli, on host genome regulation; and ii) assess the suitability of food-derived extracellular vesicles as potential drug delivery nanocarriers for therapeutic applications, specifically, for RNA-based therapies. To address these objectives, a method for the isolation of food-derived EVs was firstly developed combining ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. Then, identification and characterization of their miRNA profile was performed. Subsequently, the stability of the most abundant miRNAs throughout the GI tract by simulating GI conditions was tested. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of EVs and the intracellular concentration reached and/or the relative expression increase of selected miRNAs after cell exposure to bovine milk or broccoli EVs were analyzed. Their possible biological effect by in silico approaches or transcriptional studies was also assessed. Finally, through an in vivo study, the stability and biodistribution of miRNAs after the oral administration of isolated bovine milk EVs to C57BL/6 mice was performed. Studies allowed to identify the most enriched miRNAs in bovine milk and broccoli EVs. Moreover, the uptake of mammalian and plant EVs by human cell lines, as well as the transfer of the miRNAs they carry were experimentally confirmed. However, the miRNA content transported by bovine milk and broccoli EVs administered at dietary doses is rather limited to provide enough amount of miRNAs to produce a measurable biological effect. Therefore, a loading strategy to enrich EVs with exogenous miRNAs was developed. The digestive stability analysis demonstrated high overall degradation of exogenous miRNAs, although EV-protected miRNAs resisted better GI digestion compared to free miRNAs. Interestingly, miRNAs transported in orally administered EVs reached mice organs, where they could exert their biological effect through regulation of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
To conclude, results suggested that, according to the concentrations and conditions tested in this doctoral thesis, diet consumed miRNAs do not reach a sufficient concentration in the host cells to regulate gene expression by the canonical pathway. However, despite many obstacles and challenges, extracellular vesicles can be used as potential nanocarriers of functional miRNAs. This opens new possibilities, both in pharma-nutritional (e.g., dietary supplements) and pharmacological (e.g., drug delivery) industries, although further research is needed to refine aspects of production, application and safetyThe author of this doctoral thesis is grateful for the funding of the State Agency for Research and European Funds FEDER through the projects: - AGL2016-78922-R titled “Therapeutic modulation of non-coding RNAs by bioactive dietary components: impact on the pathophysiological regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism”.
- PID2019-109369RB-I00 titled “The journey of edible plants-derived extracellular vesicles through the mammalian body: extracellular ncRNAs as potential bioactive components of food”. The author also thanks IMDEA Food for the contract financed by European FEDER funds, as well as by funds from the Community of Madrid (PR2017/0022_PEJD-2017-PRE/BIO-5100
Fractional Piola identity and polyconvexity in fractional spaces
No full textIn this paper we address nonlocal vector variational principles obtained by substitution of the classical gradient by the Riesz fractional gradient. We show the existence of minimizers in Bessel fractional spaces under the main assumption of polyconvexity of the energy density, and, as a consequence, the existence of solutions to the associated Euler–Lagrange system of nonlinear fractional PDE. The main ingredient is the fractional Piola identity, which establishes that the fractional divergence of the cofactor matrix of the fractional gradient vanishes. This identity implies the weak convergence of the determinant of the fractional gradient, and, in turn, the existence of minimizers of the nonlocal energy. Contrary to local problems in nonlinear elasticity, this existence result is compatible with solutions presenting discontinuities at points and along hypersurfacesThis work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through projects MTM2017-83740-P (J.C.B. and J.C.), and MTM2017-85934-C3-2-P (C.M.-C.)
Gender equity as a key element for agroecological transitions: Neo-rural women as managers of agroecological initiatives
Get PDFGender equity is considered to be a key element for the agroecological transitions of agri-food systems and sustainable transformation of socioecological systems. Many women have recently become agroecological farmers. Few studies have examined this phenomenon and its potential implications for the agri-food system and in rural areas, where men's experiences are still considered to be universal, from a gender-focused perspective. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 women leading agroecological initiatives in the Madrid region and performed content and critical discourse analyses of the interview transcripts to examine: (1) the women's motivations for agroecological project initiation; (2) the influences of the project composition, women's marital status and their trajectories in agroecological initiatives; and (3) the barriers they face and strategies they have developed to overcome difficulties. All interviewees highlighted political and lifestyle motivations, that is, based on environmental andWe thank all the women participants who kindly shared with us their life histories, desires and difficulties about their agroecological initiatives. Beatriz Vizuete was funded by a training of research personnel grant from Universidad Aut\u00F3noma de Madrid (FPI-UAM), and by a public grant for Feminist, Gender and Women's Research by the Spanish Women's Institute (Ministry of Equality, 26-1-ID22). This work was also supported by SAVIA project (Sowing Alternatives for Agro-ecological Innovation) funded by Comunidad de Madrid (SI1/PJI/2019-00444) and is part of the Agrolandscale project (PID2022-138972OA-I00), funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER) and FSE+ PID2022-138972OA-I00
Artificial Intelligence in MOOCs Study of profiles and their socio-educational potential
Get PDFEn un clima de interés mediático en la inteligencia artificial (IA), de crecimiento de los
servicios y aplicaciones asociados a esta tecnología y de intensos debates sobre su uso,
la oferta educativa sobre esta temática se encuentra en plena eclosión. En ese sentido, y
centrando la atención en los MOOC (cursos en línea masivos y abiertos) se ha observado
un crecimiento exponencial de la oferta formativa sobre IA en los últimos años. Esta
investigación es parte de una investigación más amplia sobre las dimensiones técnicas
y pedagógicas de los MOOC de IA. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer el perfil
predominante de los MOOC de inteligencia artificial. Con una muestra estadísticamente
representativa de 292 MOOC y en base a un sistema de categorías sobre contenidos de
IA se lleva a cabo un análisis estadístico descriptivo y factorial de los datos. El análisis
concluye que los tres perfiles de MOOC predominantes son: enfocados en la codificación
de AI, enfocados en el aprendizaje de AI y enfocados en el valor educativo de AIIn a climate of media interest in artificial intelligence (AI), the growth of services
and applications associated with this technology and intense debates on its use,
educational offer on this topic are flourishing. In this sense, focusing attention on
MOOCs (massive open online courses), an exponential growth of the educational
offer on AI has been observed in recent years. This research is part of a broader
investigation into the technical and pedagogical dimensions of AI MOOCs. The main
objective of this study is to understand the predominant profile of AI MOOCs. Using a
statistically representative sample of 292 MOOCs and based on a category system
on AI content, a descriptive and factorial statistical analysis of the data is carried out.
The analysis concludes that the three predominant MOOC profiles are: focused on AI
coding, focused on AI learning and focused on AI educational valueThis research is part of the Educational Research Project “Design and development of immersive
educational experiences and introduction to the metaverse in teaching experimental and social
sciences” of the Call for Educational Research and Teaching Innovation Projects 2024/2025 of the
Vice-Rectorate for Innovation and Employability of the University of Huelva. Moreover, in aspects
such as the general structure of categories system, this research is connected to R+D+i project
“Controversial heritages for ecosocial citizenship training. An investigation of heritage education
in formal education” (HETEIC 2). Reference PID 2020-116662 GB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry
of Science and Innovation, State Agency of Knowledge (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
Surface and morphology modulated adsorption-activation of trace concentration hydrogen peroxide with multiple electron transfer pathways and sustained Fenton reactions
Get PDFTo promote mass transfer and activation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Fenton-like reactions, a novel MOFs-derived Fe2O3 was tailor-designed through surface sulfur modification and morphology tuning for degrading a group of persistent micropollutants, i.e., sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin. The introduction of Ca2+ and Mg2+ modulated the growth of crystal clusters to prevent aggregation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and provide more reaction sites. Likewise, the abundant acid sites (–SO3H) promote the chemisorption of even trace-concentration H2O2 (S–O bonding), whereas the S–Fe bonding accelerates electron transfer to promote the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle and thus the H2O2 utilization. More interestingly, surface-adsorbed H2O is found to be activated to form •OH, due to electron-poor Fe sites formed after detachment of –SO3H, demonstrating a sustained radical yield for the micropollutant degradation. This study opens new perspectives in catalyst design to ultimately realize the utilization of trace-concentrationThis work was supported by Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (AU-WATEC) Start-Up Fund from Grundfos Foundation, Aarhus University Research Foundation Starting Grant (No. AUFF-E-2019\u20137\u201328), Novo Nordisk Fonden (No. NNF20OC0064799), and Independent Research Fund Denmark (No. 1127\u201300181B and Sapere Aude Award No. 1051\u201300058B)
Synthesis of a new water-soluble highly Fe(III)-selective fluorescent chemosensor based on 4H-quinolizin-4-one
Get PDFWe describe the design, synthesis and studies of a new Fe(III)-selective fluorescent chemosensor in aqueous media based on a 4H-quinolizin-4-one (4b). This chemosensor exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Fe(III) in aqueous mixtures in the micromolar concentration range as well as in the presence of other common interfering metal ions, making it a promising tool for the detection of Fe(III) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 13.15 μM in binary solvents DMSO/water, 1:1. Furthermore, this chemoreceptor exhibits a linear and stable fluorescent response over a range of 0 to 12 μM of Fe(III), with high affinity (3.13 × 106 M-2), which allows the quantitative determination of this metal ion. These results allow to envisage potential applications for the detection of Fe(III) in the diagnosis various of ferric-related disease
On-surface synthesis of covalently-linked carbaporphyrinoid-based low-dimensional polymers
No full textWe establish uniform error bounds of the L1 discretization of the Caputo derivative of Hölder continuous functions. The result can be understood as: error = degree of smoothness - order of the derivative. We present an elementary proof and illustrate its optimality with numerical examplesFdT was supported by the Spanish Government through RYC2020-029589-I , PID2021127105NB-I00 and CEX2019-000904-S funded by the MICIN/AEI
Estrategia de localización de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de Ampudia (Palencia)
Get PDFAmpudia, como municipio miembro de la Red de Entidades Locales para la Agenda 2030 promovida por la Federación Española de Municipios y Provincias (FEMP), ha realizado su estrategia de localización de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030. Para ello se priorizan diez ODS, seleccionados a través de la utilización de metodologías como el DAFO y el marco lógico, así como con la información recogida a través del diagnóstico de la localización de los ODS realizada en 2023, la participación del Ayuntamiento, los negocios y los habitantes de Ampudia a través de talleres y los criterios del equipo técnico de la UAM. Asimismo, se ha establecido un sistema de indicadores para el seguimiento de las metas de cada uno de los ODS priorizados, con el fin de facilitar el seguimiento y la evaluación hasta el 2030. Se finaliza con una síntesis que establece cuales son los ejes prioritarios y los ámbitos de acción para favorecer el desarrollo sostenible el municipio de Ampudia y poder implementar la estrategi