Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Co-educational responsibility of physical education teachers in the construction of egalitarian societies
Get PDFHablar de educación y género, haciendo hincapié en el papel de la figura de la niña y mujer en la construcción pedagógica de las futuras sociedades, aparentemente podría parecer sencillo, pues la carrera de magisterio ha estado vinculada a la figura femenina durante la historia, pero si fijamos la atención en la actividad física, el deporte y, concretamente en la educación física, observamos que ha sido un terreno desempeñado en gran medida por los hombres. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una disertación realizada por profesoras del área de educación física, en torno a la terminología relacionada con los estudios de género con una perspectiva feminista, que nos permita ofrecer una visión un poco más clara de cuáles pueden ser los motivos por los que en la actualidad y, después de muchos años de lucha por la igualdad, todavía no se ha conseguido. Ofreceremos una visión clarificadora de los puntos a atender desde la revisión teórica a través literatura científica sobre el centro de interés, hasta la práctica en las aulas de educación física, para concienciar al sector educativo, sobre la importancia de cambiar la perspectiva en las acciones básicas de coeducación en esta área de conocimientoTalking about education and gender, emphasizing the role of the figure of the girl and woman in the
pedagogical construction of future societies, might apparently seem simple, because the teaching
career has been linked to the female figure throughout history, but if we pay attention to physical
activity, sports and, specifically, physical education, we observe that it has been a field largely played
by men. The objective of this article is to offer a dissertation by physical education teachers, about
the terminology related to gender studies with a feminist perspective, which allows us to offer a slightly clearer vision of what may be the reasons why at present and, after many years of struggle for
equality, it has not yet been achieved. We will offer a clarifying vision of the points to be addressed
from the theoretical review through scientific literature on the center of interest, to the practice in
physical education classrooms, to raise awareness in the educational sector, about the importance of
changing the perspective in the basic actions of coeducation in this area of knowledgeFalar de educação e gênero, enfatizando o papel da figura da menina e da mulher na construção
pedagógica das futuras sociedades, aparentemente poderia parecer simples, pois a carreira de Magistério esteve vinculada à figura feminina durante a história, mas se fixarmos a atenção na atividade física, no Esporte e, concretamente, na educação física, observamos que tem sido um terreno
desempenhado em grande medida pelos homens. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma dissertação
realizada por professoras da área de Educação física, em torno da terminologia relacionada aos estudos de gênero com uma perspectiva feminista, que nos permita oferecer uma visão um pouco mais
clara de quais podem ser os motivos pelos quais na atualidade e, depois de muitos anos de luta pela
igualdade, ainda não se conseguiu. Ofereceremos uma visão esclarecedora dos pontos a serem atendidos desde a revisão teórica através da literatura científica sobre o centro de interesse, até a prática
nas salas de aula de educação física, para conscientizar o setor educacional, sobre a importância de
mudar a perspectiva nas ações básicas de coeducação nesta área de conheciment
Fragmentación productiva, cambio estructural y productividad. Un análisis del sector manufacturero español durante el periodo 1995-2018
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Estructura Económica y Economía del Desarrollo. Fecha de Lectura: 24-01-202
Growing and nanomanipulating heterostructures of α-bismuthene in a nearly isolated state
Get PDFThe growth of vertical heterostructures, which incorporate bismuthene with minimal coupling to adjacent materials, is pursued to fully exploit the exceptional properties intrinsic to the 2D allotropic forms of bismuth. Here, the growth of vertical heterostructures of ultrathin α-bismuthene and one-atom-thick layers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) supported on Rh(110) surfaces is reported. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) characterization shows that the sample morphology is dominated by the presence of ultrathin α-bismuthene islands, with a lower thickness limit of a paired bilayer, randomly scattered over the h-BN surface. Unlike previous studies on heterostructures combining α-bismuthene with different 2D materials, which only allowed specific relative angles between the atomic lattices of both constituents, the Bi structures grown here can adopt any in-plane orientation relative to the underlying h-BN/Rh(110) surface, although certain twist angles are preferred. The greater rotational variety found in this study suggests a weaker interaction between bismuthene and h-BN, meaning that these islands could be the most weakly coupled 2D Bi nanocrystals to a substrate reported to date. Additionally, in pursuit of precise control over the spatial distribution of the islands on the h-BN/Rh(110) surface, they have been nanomanipulated using the STM tipThe authors dedicate this work to the memory of Prof. José María Gómez-Rodríguez, a personal friend, mentor and colleague. Financial support from the Spanish MICINN through Projects No. PID2020-116619GA-C22 and No. TED2021-131788A-I00 and from the Comunidad de Madrid and the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid through project SI3/PJI/2021-00500 is gratefully acknowledge
Tratamiento conservador versus mastectomía en carcinoma ductal in situ de mama: resultados clínicos y calidad de vida
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de Lectura: 30-01-202
Application of advanced oxidation processes for the removal of emerging pollutants in water
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Fecha de Lectura: 17-01-2025La sobreexplotación y creciente contaminación de los recursos hídricos ponen en riesgo tanto su disponibilidad como su calidad en muchas regiones del mundo. Un grupo de contaminantes que ha generado preocupación por su elevada presencia en las aguas son los Contaminantes de Preocupación Emergente (CPEs), también conocidos como microcontaminantes, ya que se encuentran en el agua en concentraciones que van desde ng L-1 a μg L-1. Una de las principales fuentes de estos contaminantes son las Estaciones Depuradoras de Aguas Residuales (EDARs), que están diseñadas para reducir la materia orgánica, los nutrientes y la carga microbiológica del agua, pero no garantizan la completa eliminación de estos compuestos.
Esta Tesis doctoral investiga diferentes alternativas para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con CPEs, centrándose en aquellos incluidos en las Listas de Observación de la UE. En particular, se evaluó su eliminación mediante procesos de oxidación avanzada, específicamente el Fenton heterogéneo (Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation, CWPO), y mediante adsorción utilizando materiales adsorbentes fácilmente regenerables. Estos procesos demostraron ser altamente eficaces para la eliminación de los CPEs, incluso en matrices complejas como aguas residuales o superficiales, logrando además reducir la toxicidad del agua tratadaThe overexploitation and increase pollution of water resources are threating both its availability and quality in many regions of the world. A group of contaminants that has raised concern are Pollutants of Emerging Concern (PECs), also known as micropollutants, as they are found in water at concentrations ranging from ng L-1 a μg L-1. One of the main sources of these contaminants are Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), which are designed to reduce organic matter, nutrients, and the microbiological load of water, but they cannot ensure the complete removal of these compounds.
This doctoral Thesis explores different alternatives for the treatment of water streams contaminated with various PECs, including those listed in the EU Watch Lists. Specifically, the removal of these contaminants was evaluated through advanced oxidation processes, particularly the heterogeneous Fenton process (Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation, CWPO), and through adsorption using easily regenerable adsorbent materials. These processes have proven to be highly effective in removing PECs, even in complex matrices such as wastewater and surface water, while also reducing the toxicity of the treated waterLa realizacio n de este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al apoyo econo mico de la Agencia Estatal de Investigacio n (AEI) (PID2019-105079RB-I00
Evaluación de la factibilidad y beneficio de la implementación de un Comité de Medicina Personalizada en un Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica en un hospital público de tercer nivel
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría. Fecha de Lectura: 14-02-2025El concepto de medicina personalizada es un enfoque médico que promueve la optimización de la prevención, diagnóstico y cuidado de cada paciente de forma individualizada en función de sus características clínicas, demográficas, medioambientales y genéticas.
En el área de la oncología pediátrica, concretamente en el contexto de búsqueda de nuevas terapias, la aplicación de la medicina personalizada ha posibilitado la identificación de biomarcadores tumorales en el genoma de pacientes con cáncer, permitiendo la posterior intervención terapéutica dirigida a las alteraciones oncogénicas diagnosticadas.
Numerosos proyectos de investigación en oncología pediátrica de precisión han evidenciado mejoras en los outcomes de supervivencia de aquellos pacientes en los que se lleva a cabo una optimización terapéutica dirigida siguiendo la decisión consensuada de un Comité de Medicina Personalizada (CMP).
Sin embargo, la implementación de la medicina personalizada en la práctica clínica de los hospitales pertenecientes al sistema nacional de salud español es un proceso complejo con numerosos retos a enfrentar, especialmente por las características extraordinarias de la población oncológica infantil. Multitud de factores como la necesidad de trascender modelos asistenciales tradicionales, la baja incidencia y alta heterogeneidad molecular del cáncer pediátrico o el bajo nivel de implicación de la industria farmacéutica, hacen que los avances sean escasos y difieran enormemente del gran abanico terapéutico dirigido aprobado para la población oncológica adulta.
En este trabajo se propone la implementación de un Comité de Medicina Personalizada en el servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario La Paz, con el objetivo de solventar las limitaciones intrínsecas a la investigación clínica en oncología pediátrica de precisión y permitir la optimización terapéutica dirigida de nuestros pacientes. Dicha optimización se sustenta en cuatro pilares fundamentales: 1) la asignación de fármacos experimentales dirigidos a alteraciones oncogénicas (identificadas por NGS, FISH, qPCR o MLPA), 2) la toma de decisiones terapéuticas experimentales en base al mayor nivel de evidencia científica disponible en la literatura científica, 3) la búsqueda común de soluciones por parte de un equipo multidisciplinar y 4) la promoción de la inclusión de pacientes en ensayos clínicos de precisión.
El Comité comienza en enero de 2021. En un período de 3 años se discuten un total de 70 pacientes y se determina que 30 (43%) tienen alteraciones “accionables”. Finalmente, siete pacientes, el 10% del total, reciben un fármaco dirigido. El acceso a fármacos dirigidos en esta población es limitado, por lo que seis pacientes reciben el fármaco por uso compasivo y uno a partir de su inclusión en ensayo clínico. La tasa de supervivencia libre de progresión a los 6 meses de los pacientes desde que reciben el tratamiento dirigido es del 71%The concept of personalised medicine is a medical approach that promotes the optimisation of the prevention, diagnosis and care of each patient according to their clinical, demographic, environmental and genetic characteristics.
In the area of paediatric oncology, specifically in the context of investigation of new therapies, the application of personalised medicine has enabled the identification of tumour biomarkers in the genome patients with cancer to consequently introduce drugs that target such oncogenic alterations.
Numerous research projects in precision paediatric oncology have shown relevant improvements in the survival outcomes of those patients in whom therapeutic optimisation is carried out based on the decision of a Molecular Tumor Board.
However, the implementation of personalized medicine in the clinical practice of hospitals belonging to the Spanish national health system is a complex and challenging process due to the extraordinary characteristics of the pediatric oncology population. A plethora of factors, such as the need to transcend traditional care models, the low incidence and high molecular heterogeneity of the disease, or the low level of involvement of the pharmaceutical industry, imply that advances are scarce and differ enormously from the wide range of targeted therapies available for the adult population.
We propose the implementation of a Precision Medicine Committee in the Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department of the Hospital Universitario La Paz, with the aim of solving the intrinsic limitations of clinical research in the field of pediatric precision oncology. The therapeutic optimization of our patients is based on four fundamental pillars: 1) the assignment of experimental drugs targeting oncogenic alterations (identified by NGS targeted panel, FISH, MLPA, qPCR), 2) therapeutic decision-making based on the highest level of scientific evidence available, 3) the common search for solutions by a multidisciplinary team and 4) the promotion of the inclusion of patients in clinical trials expanding portfolio of experimental treatments offered.
The Molecular Tumor Board begins in January 2021. Over a 3-year period, a total of 70 patients are discussed, of these, 30 are determined to have an actionable alteration (medium-high level
of evidence). Of these seven patients, 10% of the total, receive a targeted drug. Access to targeted drugs in this population is limited, so six patients receive the drug on a compassionate use basis and one after inclusion in a clinical trial. The progression free survival rate at six months is 71
Las metodologías de aprendizaje cooperativo en la enseñanza de literatura hispánica a estudiantes sinohablantes
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación, Departamento de Filologías y su Didáctica. Fecha de Lectura: 10-02-202
Evolutionary accumulation modeling in AMR: machine learning to infer and predict evolutionary dynamics of multi-drug resistance
Get PDFCan we understand and predict the evolutionary pathways by which bacteria acquire multidrug resistance (MDR)? These questions have substantial potential impact in basic biology and in applied approaches to address the global health challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this minireview, we discuss how a class of machine-learning approaches called evolutionary accumulation modeling (EvAM) may help reveal these dynamics using genetic and/or phenotypic AMR data sets, without requiring longitudinal sampling. These approaches are well-established in cancer progression and evolutionary biology but currently less used in AMR research. We discuss how EvAM can learn the evolutionary pathways by which drug resistances and other AMR features (for example, mutations driving these resistances) are acquired as pathogens evolve, predict next evolutionary steps, identify influences between AMR features, and explore differences in MDR evolution between regions, demographics, and more. We demonstrate a case study from the literature on MDR evolution in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, providing links to some approaches for implementationThis work was supported by the Trond Mohn Foundation (project HyperEvol under grant agreement No. TMS2021TMT09 to I.G.J.) through the Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Western Norway (CAMRIA) (TMS2020TMT11). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 805046 [EvoConBiO] to I.G.J). This research was supported by grant PID2019-111256RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 to Ramon Diaz-Uriart
Tourists’ fresh start mindset in destination marketing
No full textAlthough tourism research has examined the reasons why people have life-changing motivations related to traveling, destination managers still lack clarity on their effects on tourists' intentions and behaviors. In response to this question, the authors investigate one of these life-changing motives: the fresh start mindset. This investigation employs a multimethod approach to examine its antecedents and outcomes and how tourism marketing-controlled factors moderate this perceptual mechanism at the pre-visit stage. This study ultimately showcases communication tactics that destination managers can use to maximize tourists’ fresh start mindset by employing metaphorical persuasive techniquesThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grant number PID2020-114788RB-I0
Optical excitations and disorder in two-dimensional topological insulators
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada. Fecha de Lectura: 23-05-2025Topological phases of matter have garnered significant interest over the past two decades for two main reasons: their identification, via topological invariants, relies on the quantum geometry of the Bloch states, bringing attention to an aspect of electronic band structure overlooked up to their discovery. Secondly, these classes of materials present electronic states with unusual properties, leading to exotic phenomena and making them relevant for potential applications. In this thesis we explore both fundamental and technological aspects of the first discovered topological phase: the topological insulator. To this end, we consider different models of topological insulators with a particular emphasis on Bismuth compounds, evaluating their viability for photovoltaic applications, and separately, the impact of structural disorder on their propertie