Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Violence against healthcare workers in Spain: Invisible violence, unacceptable silences
No full textThe aggressions suffered by healthcare personnel (HCP) is a growing problem in the field of public health in Spain that negatively affects the quality of care. The objective is to analyze the causes of the aggressions towards the HCP and what implications they have for the healthcare service and its personnel. The methodology is based on a systematic review in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Medes. The triggers of the aggressions are multifactorial and can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder in the HCP. The most affected services are primary care, emergency care, emergencies, and psychiatry. Women are the most assaulted, while men are responsible for most of the assaults. Although professional associations, autonomous communities and the Ministry of Health and Social Services are making efforts to prevent the problem, it continues to be invisible due to the under-reporting of complaints, the lack of academic research and society in generalLas agresiones sufridas por el personal sanitario (PS) es un problema creciente en el ámbito de la salud pública en España que afecta negativamente la calidad asistencial. El objetivo es analizar las causas de las agresiones hacia el PS y que implicaciones tiene para el servicio sanitario y su personal. La metodología se basa en una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Medes.
Los desencadenantes de las agresiones son multifactoriales y pueden conducir a un estrés post traumático en el PS. Los servicios más afectados son AP, urgencias, emergencias y psiquiatría. Las mujeres son las más agredidas, mientras que los hombres son responsables de la mayoría de las agresiones. Aunque los colegios profesionales, las comunidades autónomas y el Ministerio de Sanidad y Servicios Sociales realizan esfuerzos de prevención, el problema continúa invisibilizado por el subregistro de denuncias, por las escasas investigaciones académicas y por la sociedad en genera
Enantioselective photocatalytic synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as ortho-disubstituted benzene bioisosteres with improved biological activity
No full text1,5-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes are bridged scaffolds with well-defined exit vectors that are becoming increasingly popular building blocks in medicinal chemistry because they are saturated bioisosteres of ortho-substituted phenyl rings. Here we have developed a Lewis-acid-catalysed [2 + 2] photocycloaddition to obtain these motifs as enantioenriched scaffolds, providing an efficient approach for their incorporation in a variety of drug analogues. Retention of the biological activity of the bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-containing analogues in the specific proteins targeted by the original drugs has confirmed the suitability of this moiety to serve as a bioisostere of ortho-substituted phenyl rings. Moreover, we have studied the potential of the different enantiomers of the drug analogues to selectively induce cytotoxicity in a panel of tumour cell lines, observing markedly differential effects for the two enantiomers and a substantial improvement over the corresponding sp2-based drugs. This showcases that the control of the absolute configuration and tridimensionality of the drug analogue has a large impact on its biological propertiesFinancial support was provided by the European Commission (ERC Consolidator Grant to M.T. - grant n. 101002715 and Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship to T.R. – grant n. 101151954) and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) and the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) [grant n. PID2022-142594NB-I00 to M.T., grant n. PID2022-138797OB-I00 to S.O.-G., grant n. PID2022-139318NB-I00 and RED2022-134331-T to I.F., grant n. PID2020-119352RB-I00 and PID2023-146982OB-I00 to A.S.]. A.S. would like to thank the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC), and IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the Spanish “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (grant n. CEX2020-001039-S). We would like to acknowledge Dr. Josefina Perles and Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación of UAM (SIdI-UAM) for X-ray structure analysis, and we would like to thank Prof. Dr. José M. Lassaletta and Prof. Dr. Rosario Fernández (Universidad de Sevilla) for allowing us to use their HPLC equipmen
The material culture of Seville between the 11th and 13th centuries through written arabic production in the almohad period. The importance of the ‘Abbādí legacy
No full textA partir del estudio y análisis de la documentación escrita el objetivo principal del
presente artículo es dar a conocer aquellos datos vinculados con el pasado cultural
de Išbīliya, centrados en el ámbito arquitectónico y recogidos por algunos autores
árabes que vivieron en época almohade. Un momento en que Sevilla se convirtió
en la capital andalusí de este nuevo movimiento, cuya importancia no solo ha
quedado avalada por la historiografía tradicional y por las diferentes intervenciones
arqueológicas realizadas en la ciudad, sino también por la amplia información que
ha llegado hasta nosotros a través de los textos. Además, gracias a estos últimos
podemos corroborar la pervivencia y relevancia que otras construcciones previas
alcanzaron en este periodo, principalmente de época taifa, permitiéndonos así
completar y establecer una comparación con las noticias que nos ofrecen el resto
de autores precedentesBased on the study and analysis of written documentation, the main objective
of this article is to provide information on the cultural past of Išbīliya, focusing
on the architectural sphere and collected by some Arab authors who lived in the Almohad period. At a time when Seville became the Andalusian capital of this new
movement, the importance of which has been confirmed not only by traditional
historiography and the various archaeological interventions carried out in the city,
but also by the extensive information that has come down to us through texts.
Moreover, thanks to the latter, we can corroborate the survival and relevance that
other previous constructions reached in this period, mainly from the Taifa period,
thus allowing us to complete and establish a comparison with the information
provided by previous author
Carlos París (1925-2014). Philosopher and master of philosophers
No full textEste artículo es una aproximación bio-bibliográfica, cálida, a la
trayectoria investigadora y docente de Carlos París, que destaca su
pensamiento educativo y la proyección social que otorgaba a la práctica de la
filosofía y su docencia. El artículo aspira a llamar la atención de los estudiantes
sobre la trayectoria personal y sobre la obra de este filósofo y maestro de
filósofos, que tan honda huella ha dejado en las tres universidades en las que
ejerció como catedráticoThis article is a warm, bio-bibliographical overview of Carlos
París's research and teaching career, highlighting his educational thinking
and the social impact he had on the practice of philosophy and its teaching.
The article aims to draw students' attention to the personal career and work of
this philosopher and teacher of philosophers, who left such a deep mark on
the three universities where he served as a professo
Gene therapy for Lafora disease in the Epm2a−/− mouse model
No full textLafora disease is a rare and fatal form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy typically occurring early in adolescence. The disease results from mutations in the EPM2A gene, encoding laforin, or the EPM2B gene, encoding malin. Laforin and malin work together in a complex to control glycogen synthesis and prevent the toxicity produced by misfolded proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Disruptions in either protein cause alterations in this complex, leading to the formation of Lafora bodies containing abnormal, insoluble, and hyperphosphorylated forms of glycogen. We used the Epm2a-/- knockout mouse model of Lafora disease to apply gene therapy by administering intracerebroventricular injections of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying the human EPM2A gene. We evaluated the effects of this treatment through neuropathological studies, behavioral tests, video-electroencephalography, electrophysiological recordings, and proteomic/phosphoproteomic analysis. Gene therapy ameliorated neurological and histopathological alterations, reduced epileptic activity and neuronal hyperexcitability, and decreased the formation of Lafora bodies. Moreover, differential quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed beneficial changes in various molecular pathways altered in Lafora disease. Our results represent proof of principle for gene therapy with the coding region of the human EPM2A gene as a treatment for EPM2A-related Lafora diseaseThis work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy (Rti2018-095784b-100SAF MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE) to J.M.S. and M.P.S.; from the Tatiana Perez de Guzman el Bueno Foundation to M.P.S. and J.M.S.; from the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (ACCI 2020, 23 - U744) to M.P.S.; from the Fondazione Malattie Rare Mauro Baschirotto BIRD Onlus to M.P.S., C.C., M.S., and L.Z.P.; and a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health (P01NS097197), which established the Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative (LECI), to J.M.S. and M.P.
Searching for dark matter with the 229Th nuclear lineshape from laser spectroscopy
No full textThe recent laser excitation of the low-lying Th229 isomer transition has started a revolution in ultralight dark matter searches. The enhanced sensitivity of this transition to the large class of dark matter models dominantly coupling to quarks and gluons will ultimately allow us to probe coupling strengths 8 orders of magnitude smaller than the current bounds from optical atomic clocks, which are mainly sensitive to dark matter couplings to electrons and photons. We argue that, with increasing precision, observations of the Th229 excitation spectrum will soon give the world-leading constraints. Using data from the pioneering laser excitation of Th229 by Tiedau et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 182501 (2024)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.132.182501], we present a first dark matter search in the excitation spectrum. While the exclusion limits of our detailed study of the lineshape are still below the sensitivity of currently operating clock experiments, we project the measurement of Zhang et al. [Nature (London) 633, 63 (2024)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-024-07839-6] to surpass itThe work of G. P. is supported by grants from the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel research award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and the Israel Science Foundation (ISF). E. F. and F. K. acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research
Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy–EXC2123 QuantumFrontiers–No. 390837967, as well as support by the SFB 1227 (DQ-mat), Project No. 274200144 (Project B10). The work of E. P. and J. T. has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agreement No. 856415), the DFG—SFB 1227—Project No. 274200144 (Project B04), and by the Max-Planck-RIKEN-PTB-Center for Time, Constants and Fundamental Symmetrie
Efficacy of Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Repetitive Negative Thinking: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
No full textObjectives: With the development of new digital technologies, the dissemination of digital mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) has spread notably in recent years. However, questions remain about their empirical validity and their effectiveness and limitations in addressing clinically relevant mechanisms. We sought to examine the efficacy of self-administered digital MBIs for the treatment of repetitive negative thinking (RNT). Method: Studies were identified from electronic databases of Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest. Three reviewers independently scanned articles for inclusion and data extraction. Additional mindfulness and RNT research indicators were obtained through descriptive data visualization techniques using bibliometric analysis. Results: Eleven RCTs and two pilot RCTs were included with a total of 4509 participants. At post-treatment, ten studies reported statistically significant improvements in the condition of the MBIs in measures of RNT compared to control with effect sizes ranging from small to large (d = 0.18;0.77), and three studies found no evidence of significant effects associated with digital MBIs. However, the poor quality of some of the findings given the risk of bias assessment means that these results should be interpreted with discretion. Conclusions: Digital MBIs could be considered a promising alternative to decrease RNT and increase mindfulness skills compared to other active and passive control conditions. However, more studies with higher methodological quality, better-balanced samples, longer follow-ups, and a more rigorous evaluation of their possible adverse effects are require
Quantitative Modeling of Polaritonic Emission Using the Source Term Method
No full textStrong exciton-photon coupling leads to the formation of hybrid states, polaritons, with properties different from those of their constituents, making it a valuable tool for modifying the physical and chemical properties of organic and inorganic materials. Despite its potential, the field lacks a fundamental understanding of the photophysics involved and the ability to model experimental data effectively. In this study, we quantitatively simulate polaritonic emission using the source term method. This model assumes that each molecular dipole in the exciton reservoir emits as it would in free space, into the optical environment formed by the polaritons. To benchmark theory with experiments, a BODIPY derivative containing a suitable amount of steric bulk was synthesized. Neat films of this molecule exhibited close to unperturbed absorption and emission envelopes compared to dilute solution. When placed in an optical cavity, the ultrastrong coupling regime was reached, and a collapse of the polaritonic line width was observed. Such a collapse is an indication of an ideal polariton, and it allowed for the emission in the transverse electric and magnetic polarizations to be spectrally resolved and thus successfully compared to the simulated emission. This work hence describes an effective model that fits experimental data, which is crucial for advancing the field and for optimizing applicationsK.B. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2017,0192), the Swedish Research Council (2020-03578), the European Research Council (ERC-2023-COG-101124329; CONTROL) and the Göran Gustafsson foundation. M.L. and J.F. gratefully acknowledge support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation - Agencia Estatal de Investigación through grants PID2021-125894NB-I00, EUR2023-143478, and CEX2018- 000805-M (through the María de Maeztu program for Units of Excellence in R&D), and PRE2021-098978 (to M.L. with support from ESF+). In addition, this project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through Agreement No. 101098813 (SCOLED
Intervention Intentions and Donation Decisions for Nonprofit Organizations Combating Violence Against Women: The Role of Holistic versus Analytic Thinking Style
No full textAll data and code are publicly available in an open repository at: https://osf.io/jeu9n/?view_only=0e566854823d4a109578955086fb7d25This research explored the role of holistic-analytic thinking style in predicting the willingness to intervene in cases of intimate partner violence against women and donation decisions to nonprofit organizations combating this issue. Specifically, holistic individuals (as measured individual difference or manipulated state) were more willing to intervene and donate. These effects were mediated by participants’ beliefs about intervention and donation contributions. Across three empirical studies, we used samples from different populations and different methodological approaches to increase the generalizability of our findings. Our research offers insights for nonprofit organizations combating this problem about how to increase fundraising effectivelyThis project was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE Grants No PID2022- 139380NA- I00 (granted to David Santos) and “Proyectos de I+D para Jóvenes Doctores” from Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, referenced with the number SI3/PJI/2021-00195 (granted to Blanca Requero and Manuel Martín-Fernández