Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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El papel de la tecnología en las labores investigadoras del profesorado de Educación Superior: análisis de la competencia digital docente
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación, Departamento de Pedagogía. Fecha de Lectura: 23-04-2025The Doctoral Thesis consists of a research project focused on the role that technology has in the educational and research work of Higher Education teachers, with the aim of understanding their main strengths and weaknesses and being able to identify significant predictors that will subsequently allow university institutions, through their public policies, to design action plans to improve and strengthen these digital competences.
To achieve this purpose, different quantitative approaches have been used from the collection of data with the elaboration of a survey for this research. Specifically, the first methodological design applied was the elaboration of the measurement instrument through a structural equation analysis (SEM) with a causal model, with the purpose of being able to measure and explain the causal relationships that exist when integrating digital resources in the research work of university professors. This design has subsequently been complemented with other statistical techniques such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple linear regression (MLR), group comparison techniques (Mann-Whitney) or classification trees, with the aim of finding significant predictors that significantly impact teachers' competencies.
In the 21st century era called the information and communication society, the integration of digital resources is becoming a key aspect in all aspects of life, including education. In order for researchers to advance in their transfer of scientific knowledge, they must possess skills and abilities that allow them to research in the best possible way. Fundamental aspects such as the digital flow of the teacher-researcher regarding the integration of digital resources, the quality of the resources and technological infrastructures to be used in said research, digital ethics as a key aspect when developing scientific knowledge, the anxiety towards the use of technology in said research tasks, or even the perception of behavioural intention, are aspects that influence the real use that the teacher makes of said resources. All these factors have been analysed in the causal model of the first research article, included in this Doctoral Thesis.
Furthermore, in the scientific literature of the last decades, there has been no common understanding about the sex and the level of digital competence of teachers. Specifically, the study by sex has been focused on the literature related to digital competences of teachers, and not oriented towards research competences through sex. This aspect gave rise to the second study of this doctoral thesis, about the integration of ICT by teachers in their research work, depending on their sex and type of educational insti-tution in which they work as PDI (acronym in Spanish, Teaching Staff and researcher), whether public or private.
Last but not least, other factors also appear as key elements in the acquisition and development of digital competences of the teacher-researcher in his/her research work. The creativity of entrepreneurial researchers, responsible for transferring scientific knowledge through technological innovation, is a key factor that favours greater digital competence of the teacher. These aspects have been analysed in the third article of this doctoral thesis together with the use by teachers of different technological resources proposed by the different Horizon report
Exploración de los subtipos de TDAH en niños y adolescentes mediante una prueba de Stroop de palabras y colores con Kinect
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatría. Fecha de Lectura: 09-04-2025Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder known for its significant heterogeneity and varied presentation of symptoms. Describing the different subtypes as predominantly inattentive, combined, and hyperactive-impulsive relies primarily on clinical observations, which can be subjective. To address the need for more objective diagnostic methods, this pilot study implemented a Microsoft Kinect-based Stroop Color–Word Test (K-SCWT) with the objective of investigating potential differences in executive function and motor control between different subtypes in a group of children and adolescents with ADHD. A series of linear mixture modeling was used to encompass the performance accuracy, reaction times, and extraneous movements during the tests. Our findings suggested that age plays a critical role and older subjects showed improvements in K-SCWT performance; however, no significant divergence in activity level between subtypes was established. Patients with the hyperactive-impulsive or combined subtype showed tendencies toward deficits in motor planning and executive control, exhibited by shorter reaction times for incorrect responses and more difficulty suppressing erroneous responses. This study provides preliminary evidence of unique executive characteristics among ADHD subtypes, advances our understanding of the heterogeneity of the disorder, and lays the foundation for the development of refined and objective diagnostic tools for ADH
Impact of family history of haemophilia on diagnosis, management and outcomes in severe haemophilia
Get PDFIntroduction: Patients with severe haemophilia A (HA) with no family history of haemophilia will be diagnosed upon their first bleeding event. Methods: Herein, we studied the effects of lack of family history in HA and the subsequent delay of diagnosis on bleeding pattern and early treatment, as well as on the risk of inhibitor development. For this purpose, data on 1237 severe HA patients with known family history (“positive” or “negative”), born between 2000 and 2022, were collected in 29 participating centers. Results: At diagnosis, 45.9% (554/1208) of patients had a positive family history of HA and 54.1% (654/1208) had a negative family history. A positive family history significantly shortened the time to diagnosis (8 months) and the treatment initiation (2 months). Prophylaxis was more frequently the first treatment in those with a positive family history compared to the negative family history group (21% vs. 13%). Bleeding was the main reason for first exposure day (ED) in both groups, but less frequently in the family history group than in those without a family history (67% vs. 80%). Positive family history was associated with fewer peak treatments at first five EDs (12% vs. 16%). In non-inhibitor patients, bleeding occurred earlier in those with positive family history (9.2 months vs. 10.6 months). The inhibitor incidence was similar in both groups (33% vs. 30%), and a positive family history was associated with earlier inhibitor development (13 months vs. 15 months). Conclusion: The majority of patients presented without a family history of HA which led to a delayed diagnosis and treatment initiationThis study is supported by the PedNet Haemophilia Research Foundation. Unrestricted sponsorship for the PedNet Haemophilia Research Foundationis currently received from: Bayer AG, Novo Nordisk, CSL Behring, Pfizer inc., Sanofi, Swedish Orphan Biovitrium AB, Hoffmann-La Roche, LFB Biotechnologie
Luminescence fingerprint of intracellular nir-ii gold nanocluster transformation: Implications for sensing and imaging
Get PDFGold nanoclusters emitting in the second biological window (NIR-II-AuNCs) have gained significant interest for their potential in deep-tissue bioimaging and biosensing applications due to the partial transparency and reduced autofluorescence of tissues in this spectral range. However, the limited understanding of how the biological environment affects their luminescent properties might hinder their use in bioimaging and biosensing. In this study, we investigated the emission properties of NIR-II-AuNCs when interacting and internalizing into live cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, and cancer cell lines, revealing substantial alterations in their luminescence. A systematic comparison between control and in vitro experiments concluded that the disruption of surface ligands is the main factor responsible for these alterations. NIR-II-AuNCs within cellular environments may also be influenced by other interactions, including aggregation or complexation with proteins. Furthermore, we also corroborated these spectroscopic modifications at the in vivo level, providing additional evidence of the environmental sensitivity of NIR-II-AuNCs. The results obtained in this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the luminescence mechanisms of NIR-II-AuNCs in biological environments in cells and in living tissues and are crucial for their optimization as reliable tools in biological environment for in vitro and in vivo imaging and diagnosticsM.P.O. acknowledges the financial support from MICINN for an FPU (FPU20/03166). Á.A. is grateful for his Juan de la Cierva Fellowship Grant FJC2021-047006-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR. A.S. acknowledges financial support from grant RYC2021−031236-Ifunded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the“European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. A.E. is grateful tothe CNS2023-144689 grant funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the “European Union NextGenerationEU"/PRTR. This work has been supported by Grant PID2023-146775OB-I00 (INCLINA) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and the European Regional Development FundERDF by the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (S2022/BMD-7403 RENIM-CM) and co-financed by the European structural and investment fun
Oxidative stress and inflammation on metabolic abnormalities and renal involvement in prediabetic subjects across Europe
Get PDFBackground: Studying the mechanisms involved in the transition from prediabetes to diabetes and its associated complications, such as kidney disease, is a growing challenge. This study focuses on identifying valuable biomarkers for the early detection of kidney damage, evaluating molecules associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in prediabetic individuals across Europe. Methods: In plasma samples from individuals with prediabetes included in the ePREDICE study, we determined molecules related to oxidative stress (advance oxidative protein products-AOPP) and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein – CRP; Interleukin 6 – IL-6), and correlated them with anthropometric and biochemical data, assessing their potential for the early diagnosis of renal involvement. Results: Among the 967 people with prediabetes, 94 presented some sign of renal impairment such as albuminuria, hyperfiltration or hypofiltration. Significant variations were identified between oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers (upper and lower quartiles of AOPP, CRP and IL6), and parameters associated with blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and fatty liver index. In particular, both types of biomarkers were associated with components of the metabolic syndrome. There were significant associations between AOPP and CRP, and the presence of albuminuria, but not with renal function. Overall, CRP was a better biomarker than IL-6 for most of the parameters studied. Conclusion: These results highlight the important associations of oxidative stress and inflammation with metabolic abnormalities linked to the prediabetic state and its complications such as fatty liver and renal involvement. Although these results need to be confirmed, our study suggests that AOPP and CRP could be simple biomarkers of interest in predicting the risk of loss of renal function in people with prediabete
Boosting biocatalytic efficiency: Engineering of chitinase chit33 with chitin and cellulose binding domains for sustainable chitin conversion
Get PDFEndo chitinase Chit33 has shown great potential in converting chitin, a recalcitrant waste, into bioactive Chito oligosaccharides (COS). This study evaluates how cellulose-binding domain (CBD) and chitin-binding domain (ChBD) affect the hydrolytic activity and product specificity of Chit33. Recombinant proteins were produced and isolated with a simple yeast extracellular medium concentration. The domain functionality was proved using chitin and cellulose supports. ChBD provided more stable immobilization than CBD but reduced the Chit33 activity. CBD enhanced the enzyme activity on both colloidal (α-/β-allomorphs) and crystalline chitin, doubling it on α-chitin, although not on their deacetylated forms. Besides, CBD increased the COS production from the colloidal forms of α-/β-chitin (by 30% and 85%, respectively) and expanded the product diversity from 1 to 9 N-acetylglucosamine units. In contrast, Chit33-ChBD predominantly yielded chitin tetra saccharides. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate binding domains to tailor product specificity, as polymerization and acetylation degrees directly impact the COS biological propertiesThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation PDI2022−136367OB-C32/-C33 “GLYCOENZ-GREEN” funded by MCIN/AEI and through FEDER, a Way of Making Europe, and TED2021-129288B-C22 “SUS-T_CHIT_BIOPR” funded by MCIN/AEI and the “European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”. Also, by institutional grants from the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (CEX2021-00154-S) and the Fundación Ramón Areces to the Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC). M. M.-R. was financed by the Investigo Programme (CAM-UAM) funded by the Next Generation EU initiativ
Controlling the symmetry of perylene derivatives via selective ortho-borylation
Get PDFThis work presents a systematic and rational approach to the synthesis of previously reported as well as novel tetra- and di-ortho-borylated perylene, perylenediimide, and perylenemonoimide scaffolds. Through optimization of the reaction conditions, employing [Ir(OMe)(COD)]2 as a catalyst and suitable ligands, efficient tetraborylation and regioselective diborylations were achieved. Additionally, the reaction times were reduced from days to hours under microwave irradiation, rendering this methodology a practical and scalable route for the ortho-functionalization of perylene derivativesControlling the symmetry of perylene derivatives via selective ortho-borylation J.G.-C. and T.T. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR (PID2020-116490GB-I00 and TED2021-131255B-C43), MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE (PID2023-151167NB-I00), the Comunidad de Madrid, the Spanish State through the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan [“Materiales Disruptivos Bidimensionales (2D)” (MAD2D-CM) (UAM1)-MRR Materiales Avanzados], and the European Union through the Next Generation EU funds. J.G.-C. acknowledges his funding from “Ayudas María Zambrano para la atracción de talento internacional” (CA3/RSUE/2021-00243) from the Spanish Government/EU funds at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and “Ayudas de atracción de talento de la Comunidad de Madrid 2022” (2022-T1/IND23907), supported by Comunidad de Madrid with EU funds at IMDEA Nanociencia.J.G.-C. and T.T. acknowledge support from the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grants SEV-2016-0686 and CEX2020-001039-S) at IMDEA Nanociencia. The authors acknowledge the generous allocation of computer time at “Centro de Computación Científica” at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CCC-UAM
Multinational Attitudes Toward AI in Health Care and Diagnostics Among Hospital Patients
Get PDFArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMIMPORTANCE
The successful implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care depends on its acceptance by key stakeholders, particularly patients, who are the primary beneficiaries of AI-driven outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
To survey hospital patients to investigate their trust, concerns, and preferencestoward the use of AI in health care and diagnostics and to assess the sociodemographic factors associated with patient attitudes.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cross-sectional study developed and implemented an anonymous quantitative survey between February 1 and November 1, 2023, using a nonprobability sample at 74 hospitals in 43 countries. Participants included hospital patients 18 years of age or older who agreed with voluntary participation in the survey presented in 1 of 26 languages.
EXPOSURE
Information sheets and paper surveys handed out by hospital staff and posted in conspicuous hospital locations.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was participant responses to a 26-item instrument containing a general data section (8 items) and 3 dimensions (trust in AI, AI and diagnosis, preferences and concerns toward AI) with 6 items each. Subgroup analyses used cumulative link mixed and binary mixed-effects models.
RESULTS
In total, 13 806 patients participated, including 8951 (64.8%) in the Global North and 4855 (35.2%) in the Global South. Their median (IQR) age was 48 (34-62) years, and 6973 (50.5%) were male. The survey results indicated a predominantly favorable general view of AI in health care, with 57.6% of respondents (7775 of 13 502) expressing a positive attitude. However, attitudes exhibited notable variation based on demographic characteristics, health status, and technological literacy. Female respondents (3511 of 6318 [55.6%]) exhibited fewer positive attitudes toward AI use in medicine than male respondents (4057 of 6864 [59.1%]), and participants with poorer health status exhibited fewer positive attitudes toward AI use in medicine (eg, 58 of 199 [29.2%] with rather negative views) than patients with very good health (eg, 134 of 2538 [5.3%] with rather negative views). Conversely, higher levels of AI knowledge and frequent use of technology devices were associated with more positive attitudes. Notably, fewer than half of the participants expressed positive attitudes regarding all items pertaining to trust in AI. The lowest level of trust was observed for the accuracy of AI in providing information regarding treatment responses (5637 of 13 480 respondents [41.8%] trusted AI). Patients preferred explainable AI (8816 of 12 563 [70.2%]) and physician-led decision-making (9222 of 12 652 [72.9%]), even if it meant slightly compromised accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this cross-sectional study of patient attitudes toward AI use in
health care across 6 continents, findings indicated that tailored AI implementation strategies should
take patient demographics, health status, and preferences for explainable AI and physician oversight
into account.This research was funded by European Union project 101079894 (COMFORT: Computational
Models FOR patienT stratification in urologic cancers) awarded to Drs Sountoulides, Bressem, Cuocolo, Dignum, Hering, Jiang, Kolostoumpis, Löser, and Billi
María Teresa León’s fiction for children and young people: an example of reading for literary education in the Silver Age
Get PDFEl análisis de las producciones infantiles de María Teresa León contribuye a situar a esta autora de la generación del 27 en el marco de la renovación de la literatura infantil dirigida a la infancia en periodo de la Edad de Plata en España, una época en que se producen importantes cambios educativos al tiempo que la mujer va cobrando relieve en el espacio público y cultural. La intertextualidad y el protagonismo femenino se hacen patentes desde su primer libro publicado, Cuentos para soñar, presente en el catálogo de la Biblioteca ambulante de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza. Y en el conjunto de relatos que componen una de sus colecciones más difundidas, Rosa-Fría, patinadora de la luna, la combinación de tradición y vanguardia alcanza su cénit a partir de una prosa de tintes oníricos y surrealistas que sobrepasa a un lector determinado por la edad para abrirse a la sensorialidad y la ruptura que caracteriza la modernidad de la épocaThe analysis of María Teresa León’s work for children allows us to situate this author of the 1927 generation in the context of the renewal of children’s literature during the Spanish Silver Age, a period in which important educational changes took place at the same time as women gained prominence in the public and cultural sphere. Intertextuality and female protagonism are evident from her first published book, Cuentos para soñar, included in the catalogue of the traveling library of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. It is also noticeable in Rosa-Fría, patinadora de la luna, the collection of stories that builds one of her most widely distributed collections. In the latter, the alliance between tradition and the avant-garde reaches its peak in a prose with dreamlike and surrealist accents that goes beyond a reader determined by age to open up to the sensoriality and rupture that characterise the modernity of the tim
