Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Autocuidado: Material formativo destinado a los profesionales de la coordinación de órganos. El Síndrome del profesional quemado o burnout.
No full textMaterial formativo destinado a profesionales de la coordinación de TrasplantesEl Síndrome del profesional quemado o burnout es una respuesta al estrés laboral
crónico caracterizada por una serie de actitudes y sentimientos negativos hacia las
personas con las que se trabaja y hacia la propia labor profesional, así como por una
sensación profunda de agotamiento emocional. En este cuadernillo se presentan los
distintos subtipos de burnout, sus efectos y la manera de identificarlos. Finalmente se
presentan algunas estrategias para que los propios profesionales de la salud el estrés
mejoren su bienestar y los sistemas de salud promuevan la calidad de vida de sus
profesionale
Pyroelectric doping reversal of MoS₂ p-n junctions on ferroelectric domain walls probed by photoluminescence
No full textThe possibility of modulating the electronic doping in monolayer MoS₂ using the pyroelectric effect of periodically poled LiNbO₃ (LN) substrates is demonstrated. Spatially resolved photoluminescence reveals that pyroelectric charges induced by temperature changes tune the carrier density in MoS₂ without the need for external gating. The results show a variation of the order of 10 13 cm −2 in the electron density as the temperature decreases from 300 to 10 K, which is consistent with the change in the value of the spontaneous polarization (PS) of the LN substrate. Furthermore, upon cooling, pyroelectric charges effectively reverse the doping of monolayer MoS₂ in the proximity of ferroelectric domain walls (DWs), converting p-n junctions into n-p junctions. These findings highlight the potential of pyroelectric substrates for tunable and configurable charge engineering in transition metal dichalcogenides and suggest their applicability to other combinations of 2D materials and ferroelectric substrates. They also open avenues for alternative device architectures in nanoelectronic or nanophotonic devices including switches, or sensorsJ.F-M., M.O.R., and L.E.B. acknowledge funding from the Spanish State Research Agency MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under grant PID2022-137444NB-I00. G.L-P. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency under grant PID2022-138908NB-C32 and the the Ramón y Cajal contract RYC2023-044003-I. H.P-M. acknowledge funding from the Spanish State Research Agency under grant PID2023-148061NB-I00. The authors acknowledge AEI under grant “Maria de Maeztu” Pro-gramme for Units of Excellence in R&D CEX2023-001316-
Habilidades comunicativas: Escucha activa
No full textLa escucha activa es una herramienta fundamental para generar cambios en las personas. A pesar de la creencia popular de que escuchar es una acción pasiva, la evidencia clínica y de investigación demuestra que una escucha sensible es uno de los agentes más efectivos para el cambio individual y grupal. Escuchar provoca cambios en las actitudes de las personas hacia sí mismas y hacía los demás, aparte de influir en los valores básicos y en su filosofía personal. Las personas que han sido escuchadas de esta manera tienden a ser más abiertas, menos defensivas, más democráticas y menos autoritarias. En el contexto de la donación de órganos, la escucha activa es esencial. En este cuadernillo se presenta, de manera detallada, la escucha activa: características, ventajas, barreras y habilidades básicas, para finalizar con la presentación de un proceso completo, en fases, para desarrollar una adecuada escucha activ
Habilidades comunicativas: Manejo de tiempos, silencios, distancias
No full textEl ámbito de la salud y la comunicación tienen distintos objetivos y responsabilidades comunes y por ende es conveniente entenderlos y trabajar en ellos de manera conjunta. El ejercicio sanitario es un proceso en el que convergen factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales y en el que el rol de la comunicación cada vez tiene un papel más importante,
puesto que forma parte de una actividad principalmente humana. En el contexto de donación de órganos la comunicación del personal sanitario es esencial, ya que es uno de los factores más influyentes en la toma de decisiones de la familia Así, un intercambio de información adecuado y un buen trato por parte del profesional pueden ser decisivos para conseguir el consentimiento familiar. En este cuadernillo se aborda todo el proceso de comunicación: tipos, participantes, componentes, barreras, habilidades y actitudes básicas, para finalizar presenta, de manera detallada, la escucha activa: características, ventajas, barreras y habilidades básicas, para finalizar con el análisis más detallado de los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los profesionales de la salud para desarrollar la empatí
Current epidemiology, risk factors and influence on prognosis of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella spp. bloodstream infection. Insights from a prospective cohort
No full textIntroduction: We aimed to describe clinical characteristics, risk factors and prognosis in patients with Klebsiella spp. bacteremia according to their beta-lactam resistance profile. Material and methods: Single-centre prospective cohort, including all adults patients with a first episode of Klebsiella spp. bacteriemia from January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Klebsiella spp. susceptible to carbapenems (CS-K)); and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp. (CR-K). The primary endpoint for prognosis was 30-day mortality. Results: Of the 186 patients included, 156 (83.9 %) were CS-K, and 30 (16.1 %) CR-K. The only factor independently associated with CR-K was previous known colonization (aOR 353.7, 95 %CI 39.8–3142.5). Thirty-day mortality was higher for CR-K than CS-K (40.0 % vs 10.9 %, p < 0.001). An adequate initial antibiotic was used more frequently in CS-K vs CR-K (75.6 % vs 36.7 %, p < 0.001). After adjusting for possible cofounding factors, CR-K was associated with higher mortality (aOR 3.97, 95 % CI 1.40–9.12). Among CR-K, receiving new beta-lactams/betalactamase inhibitors was independently associated with lower 30-day mortality (aOR 0.10, 95 % CI 0.01–0.91). Those patients had similar mortality than those with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella spp. bacteremia (10.9 % vs 16.7 %, p = 0.680) Conclusions: CR-K bacteremia was associated with worse outcomes. Prior colonization was the most important factor associated with this infection. The use of active new betalactam/betalactamase inhibitor antibiotic in patients with CR-K bacteremia was associated with a better prognosis, matching the 30-day mortality observed in carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella spp. strain
Understanding External Peak Demands in Elite vs. Non-Elite Male Basketball Players
No full textBackground: Understanding the physical demands of basketball at different competitive levels is essential for optimizing training and performance. While elite players are often assumed to experience the highest physical loads, evidence comparing peak external demands (PDs) between elite and non-elite athletes using time-window analysis is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how player level (Elite vs. Non-Elite) influences the external PDs experienced by male basketball players. Methods: This study examined PlayerLoad™ (PL) PDs in elite (n = 10) and non-elite (n = 11) male basketball players during the 2023–2024 season. Players were monitored using inertial measurement units (IMUs) during official and friendly matches (elite = 8 games; non-elite = 29 games). Peak PL values were computed using rolling averages across 30-s, 1-min, and 3-min time windows. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine differences between groups, adjusting for age and match nature. A secondary analysis was carried out including only friendly matches. Results: Non-elite players exhibited significantly higher PL PDs across all the time windows (p < 0.001), with effect sizes ranging from small to very large in the main analysis (ES = −0.41 to −2.11) and from very large to extremely large in the secondary analysis (ES = −2.68 to −5.06). Differences were more pronounced in longer durations. These results suggest that non-elite athletes sustain higher physical loads, possibly due to less efficient movement patterns and lower tactical regulation. Conclusions: Elite players display lower peak external loads than their non-elite counterparts, likely due to superior cognitive, tactical, and perceptual abilities that enhance movement economy. Training programs should incorporate tasks that combine physical intensity with decision-making demands to foster efficiency and potentially reduce injury ris
Tests for almost stochastic dominance
No full textThis is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in Journal of Business & Economic Statistics. Baíllo Moreno, Amparo; Cárcamo, Javier; Mora Corral, Carlos. “Tests for Almost Stochastic Dominance”. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 43.2 (2025): 338–350. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedWe introduce a two-dimensional stochastic dominance (2DSD) index to characterize both strict and almost stochastic dominance. Based on this index, we derive an estimator for the minimum violation ratio (MVR), also known as the critical parameter, of the almost stochastic ordering condition between two variables. We determine the asymptotic properties of the empirical 2DSD index and MVR for the most frequently used stochastic orders. We also provide conditions under which the bootstrap estimators of these quantities are strongly consistent. As an application, we develop consistent bootstrap testing procedures for almost stochastic dominance. The performance of the tests is checked via simulations and the analysis of real dataSupported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación through projects PID2019-109387GB-I00 (A.B. and J.C.), PID2021-124195NB-C32 (C.M-C.) and the Severo Ochoa Programme CEX2019-000904-S (C.M.-C.). C.M-C. has also been supported by the ERC Advanced grant 83472
Type2Branch: Keystroke biometrics based on a dual-branch architecture with attention mechanisms and Set2set loss
No full textIn 2021, the pioneering work TypeNet showed that keystroke dynamics verification could scale to hundreds of thousands of users with minimal performance degradation. Recently, the KVC-onGoing competition (https://sites.google.com/ view/bida-kvc/) has provided an open and robust experimental protocol for evaluating keystroke dynamics verification systems of such scale. This article describes Type2Branch, the model and techniques that achieved the lowest error rates at the KVC-onGoing, in both desktop and mobile typing scenarios. The novelty aspects of the proposed Type2Branch include: i)synthesized timing features emphasizing user behavior deviation from the general population, ii) a dual-branch architecture combining recurrent and convolutional paths with various attention mechanisms, iii) a new loss function named Set2set that captures the global structure of the embedding space, and iv) a training curriculum of increasing difficulty. Considering five enrollment samples per subject of approximately 50 characters typed, the proposed Type2Branch achieves state-of-the-art performance with mean per-subject Equal Error Rates (EERs) of 0.77% and 1.03% on evaluation sets of respectively 15,000 and 5,000 subjects for desktop and mobile scenarios. With a fixed global threshold for all subjects, the EERs are respectively 3.25% and 3.61% for desktop and mobile scenarios, outperforming previous approaches by a significant margi
Beyond neuromyths: Examining in-service teachers’ misconceptions about teaching and learning
No full textSeveral studies have shown that teachers often hold neuromyths that can undermine their practices. However, the prevalence of educational misconceptions in topics unrelated to neuroscience remains largely unexplored. This study surveys the prevalence of a wide variety of misconceptions among educators, extending the analysis to underexplored myths in critical areas for daily teaching. The results not only support the popularity of an important number of erroneous ideas but also suggest that the educational level at which teachers operate is the main predictor of the endorsement of misconceptions. We propose specific interventions to align teaching practice with advances in educational researchThis work was supported by the Spanish Government MCIN/AEI/ under Grant number TED2021-131542A-I0
Estudio de la interacción del eje PSGL-1/selectina P en la regulación de la muerte celular de los neutrófilos y monocitos en los pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de Lectura: 09-10-2023Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 09-04-2025En esta tesis doctoral hemos estudiado, en pacientes con LES, la expresión de PSGL-1 en distintas poblaciones del sistema inmune, y hemos encontrado que los neutrófilos y monocitos de los pacientes con LES activo (aLES) tienen disminuida la expresión de PSGL-1. Los niveles bajos de PSGL-1 en los neutrófilos y monocitos de los pacientes con lupus se asocian con la presencia de anticuerpos anti-DNA de doble cadena, anticoagulante lúpico positivo y enfermedad pulmonar. Además, los niveles reducidos de PSGL-1 en neutrófilos también se asocian con la presencia del fenómeno de Raynaud en estos pacientes, mientras que en monocitos se asocian con la presencia de anemia.
Los neutrófilos de pacientes con lupus inactivo (iLES) poseen mayor susceptibilidad de sufrir apoptosis tardía, y los de aLES de formar redes extracelulares de DNA (NETs) espontáneas con mayor cantidad de DNA que los de controles sanos. Los monocitos de los pacientes con LES tienen mayor susceptibilidad de sufrir apoptosis temprana y de formar redes extracelulares de DNA (METs). Además, encontramos que PSGL-1 está a lo largo del DNA en las NETs y METs. Asimismo, en condiciones basales de experimentación, los neutrófilos y monocitos de los pacientes con LES tienen menor porcentaje de células con moléculas activadas de Syk.
En los neutrófilos de controles sanos la interacción de PSGL-1 con la selectina P, induce la activación de Syk, aumenta el porcentaje de neutrófilos con apoptosis temprana y de neutrófilos generando NETs, pero reduce la cantidad de DNA liberado en las NETs. Esta interacción, en los monocitos de controles sanos, disminuye el porcentaje de monocitos con apoptosis tardía, de monocitos senescentes, y la cantidad de DNA liberado en las METs. En los neutrófilos y monocitos de pacientes con iLES, la interacción con selectina P también reduce el DNA liberado en las NETs y METs, pero no en el caso de los monocitos y neutrófilos de aSLE. Respecto a la apoptosis, la interacción de los neutrófilos de los pacientes con selectina P aumenta el porcentaje de apoptosis temprana, pero no reduce la apoptosis tardía en los monocitos. Además, la interacción PSGL-1/selectina P no reduce la susceptibilidad de sufrir senescencia en los monocitos de pacientes con LES.
Nuestros datos sugieren que, a través de la activación de Syk, la interacción PSGL-1/selectina P controla distintos tipos de muerte celular de neutrófilos y monocitos en los controles sanos. Los neutrófilos y monocitos de los pacientes con iLES tienen alterada la activación de Syk tras la interacción con selectina P, mientras que Syk no se activa en los de pacientes con aLES, por lo que estos procesos de muerte celular están descontrolados y podrían contribuir a la patogénesis de esta enfermeda