Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Creación de un corpus de contenido generado por los usuarios para la detección de problemas sociales
No full textSocial media platforms like Facebook, X, and Instagram provide valuable information about daily and global social problems through their user-generated content units. Such platforms turn their users into social sensors capable of identifying problems such as violence against women or natural hazards. Within the field of crowdsensing, which aims to extract useful information from these social sensors, we introduce a proposal for identifying problems in ALLEGRO (http://allegro.ucam.edu/). Based on previous studies within this smart multimodal system, our research first explains the conceptual framework for addressing one of these problems, namely, elderly institutional abuse, within the text analysis module of ALLEGRO or DIAPASON. We also detail the methodology and challenges of compiling a subcorpus of tweets related to this problem. Such a specific subcorpus will contribute to ALLEGRO’s comprehensive corpus of social problems, which is being built as a training set for deep learning models in text classificationThis publication is part of the We-Collab project 2021-1-HR01-KA220-HED-000027562,
co-funded by the Eramus+ Programme and the R&D&i project PID2020-112827GB-I00, funded
by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
Hacia el diagnóstico precoz y el manejo óptimo de las espondiloartritis
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de Lectura: 05-03-202
Psychosocial Nursing Diagnoses of Individuals With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis-Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Descriptive Study
No full textAim: To describe the prevalence of psychosocial nursing diagnostic labels and their relationship with sociodemographic characteristics in adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis-chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: Population: Adults with ME/CFS. Inclusion criteria: Being 18 years of age or older, having a medical diagnosis of ME/CFS and being an active member of a patient association. Data collection took place between May and July 2022 using an online and paper-based ad hoc form that included sociodemographic and clinical data. Psychosocial diagnostic labels were obtained using the Questionnaire for Psychosocial Nursing Diagnosis (QPSND). In addition to a descriptive analysis, the relationships between the diagnostic labels obtained were explored through a multiple correspondence analysis, which was supplemented by a hierarchical cluster analysis of the results of the latter. Results: Forty-eight participants completed the form. Their mean age was 52.5 years (SD = 6.81), 95.83% were female, 70.83% had a university education, and 35.42% were actively working. Sixty-six percent had some degree of officially recognised disability, and 16.67% had an officially recognised degree of dependency. The most prevalent diagnostic labels were Powerlessness (79.17%), Ineffective Coping (62.5%), and Fear (62.5%). The multiple correspondence analysis and subsequent cluster analysis identified profiles of individuals with ME/CFS: one profile (cluster 3) had greater psychosocial involvement based on the diagnostic labels assigned, as well as a lower educational level and higher symptom intensity. The other two profiles appear to bring together mainly employed or retired individuals with lower severity and frequency of symptoms, and who are at risk of developing psychosocial human responses. Conclusions: Participants have a high prevalence of psychosocial diagnostic labels, suggestive of the psychosocial distress concomitant with ME/CFS. Nursing diagnoses allow subgroups of affected individuals to be differentiated and aligned based on differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: We believe that this is a pioneering study in the identification of psychosocial nursing diagnostic labels of individuals with ME/CFS. Having profiles of people with ME/CFS associated with psychosocial nursing diagnoses facilitates their identification in healthcare practice and makes it possible to anticipate recommended interventions. Impact: What problem did the study address? ○This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of psychosocial nursing diagnostic labels in individuals with ME/CFS. It also aims to identify more sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with these psychosocial problems. What were the main findings? ○Individuals with ME/CFS had a high prevalence of psychosocial nursing diagnostic labels. Three subgroups of participants with ME/CFS were identified based on their diagnostic labels. Characteristics such as lower educational level, higher symptom intensity, and a diagnosis of fibromyalgia and Sjögren's syndrome, in addition to ME/CFS, were associated with the subgroup that had the most adverse psychosocial diagnostic profile. The other two subgroups appear to bring together mainly employed or retired individuals with lower severity and frequency of symptoms and who are at risk of developing certain psychosocial human responses. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? ○This study may have an impact on both nursing management and clinical practice by informing the design of care plans for patients with ME/CFS. Reporting Method: STROBE. Patient or Public Contribution: Contributions from individuals with ME/CFS were taken into consideration for the study design, especially regarding the sampling and data collection procedures. The results of the study were presented publicly at research conferences attended by health professionals and members of associations of people living with ME/CFSThis study was funded by the Asociación Española de Nomenclatura, Taxonomía y Diagnósticos de Enfermería (AENTDE) as part of the secondedition of the Mercedes Ugalde Apalategui Research Gran
Implementación y desarrollo de un programa de tratamiento antimicrobiano endovenoso en una unidad de hospitalización a domicilio pediátrica: resultados de los cuatro primeros años
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría. Fecha de Lectura: 26-03-202
The tubular cavity of tobacco mosaic virus shields mechanical stress and regulates disassembly
No full textHere we probe Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles immobilized on a solid surface under transversal mechanical stress. We use atomic force microscopy to implement punctual deformation with high force (∼nN) that induces immediate virus rupture (single indentation assay), and continuous cycles of low force (∼100 pN) that generate a gradual disassembly of the virus particle (mechanical fatigue assay). These experiments are interpreted with the help of TMV coarse-grained and finite elements simulations, which indicate that the tubular cavity screens the transmission of mechanical stress from the top to the bottom half of the virion structure. Likewise, mechanical fatigue experiments reveal how TMV disassembles following growing transversal rifts with different dynamics that depend on a combination of the applied force and the tubular geometry of the virus. Our results indicate how the cylindrical cavity of TMV cushions the lower half of the virus structure from mechanical stress and regulates mechanical disassembly. Statement of significance: The inability of plant viruses like tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to infect mammals makes them ideal for technological applications. While TMV is known for it's durability, it's unclear if this is due solely to its capsid proteins or its tubular structure. Using Atomic Force Microscopy, coarse-grained and finite elements models, we found that the tubular hole screens the transmission of mechanical stress from the top to the bottom half of the virion structure. This characteristic induces a stepwise disassembly process from intact to half virus, finishing in the virion disruption. Since the energies between proteins are comparable to those of other viruses, there is a protective effect of the tubular cavity that transcends the size down to the nanoscaleP. J. d. P. acknowledges support by grants PID2021–126608OB-I00, the Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSPO RGP0012/2018) and SI3/PJI/2021–00216. D. R acknowledges funding from grant PID2021–126570NB-I00 (MINECO/FEDER, UE). Authors also thank the Spanish Physical Virology Network RED2022–134654-T. AMB is grateful for a sample donation by C. Wege, Universitat Stuttgart. AMB was supported by grants EU-MSCA 101072645 nanoremedi, EIC-pathfinder 101115292 (“textadna”), MINECO PID2023–147987OB-C32 (“IVIS- AID”), and Dip. Foral Gipuzkoa (“shifte”). RDB acknowledges funding from Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación under the project PDC2021–121441-C2 and through the “María de Maeztu” Program for Units of Excellence in R&D (CEX2023–001361-M). We further acknowledge the help of Dr. Aitziber Eleta (nanogune) in preliminary experimen
Trato hecho
No full textRecensión de Sánchez, Pierre (2024), Foedus ictum. Les rites de sanction des traités romains sous la République et les Julio-Claudiens, Schwabe Verlag, Basilea. Entrevista con el auto
Arquitectura de los axones talamocorticales del complejo Ventral Posterior del ratón
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia. Fecha de Lectura: 19-03-2025El complejo Ventral Posterior (VP) del tálamo es la principal vía de entrada de la sensibilidad somática a la neocorteza en los mamíferos. En los roedores, las proyecciones de su porción medial (VPM) a la corteza somatosensorial primaria se han convertido en un modelo de investigación destacado en diversos campos como el procesamiento sensorial, la plasticidad y el desarrollo neural, o la modelización computacional. La mayoría de estudios, sin embargo, se han centrado en las arborizaciones axonales de las neuronas de VPM que inervan los “barriles”, agrupaciones visibles de neuronas que representan neuralmente las vibrisas del hocico del animal. Más allá de esta vía lemniscal, el resto de proyecciones del complejo han sido caracterizadas únicamente de manera parcial. Como resultado, la organización de este sistema talamocortical se considera más sencilla en los roedores que en otras especies de mamíferos, lo cual resulta incongruente con la gran variedad de señales (táctiles, nociceptivas, térmicas, propioceptivas, viscerales…) que deben procesar y transmitir sus neuronas.
En la presente tesis doctoral, se ha realizado un muestreo sistemático de la conectividad de las neuronas del complejo VP con las áreas somatosensoriales de la corteza. Para ello, se ha recurrido al trazado retrógrado y anterógrado de conexiones al nivel poblacional y a la reconstrucción morfológica de neuronas marcadas individualmente mediante la transfección con vectores virales. El resultado de este análisis ha sido la división de los núcleos medial (VPM), lateral (VPL) y parvicelular (VPMpc) del complejo VP en diferentes subnúcleos en función de sus patrones de proyección axonal. Las porciones rostrales de VPM (VPMr) y VPL (VPLr) proyectan de manera focal y altamente topográfica a las regiones granulares de las representaciones trigeminal y espinal del área somatosensorial primaria (S1), respectivamente. En el polo anterodorsal del complejo (VPad) las células proyectan a la región disgranular de S1. Por su parte, las neuronas en el VPM caudal (VPMc) inervan focalmente la corteza somatosensorial secundaria (S2), y las del VPMpc la corteza insular. En la parte ventrolateral de VPM (VPMvl) y en el VPL caudal (VPLc) predominan las neuronas con arquitecturas axonales ramificadas, que inervan simultáneamente las áreas S1 y S2. Por lo general, los axones se dirigen a las capas 4 y 6 de la corteza, aunque algunos subnúcleos presentaban patrones de distribución laminar específicos (VPMvl, VPMpc), e incluso colaterales en estructuras subcorticales como el estriado (VPMvl, VPMc) o la amígdala (VPMpc). Estas diferencias en el patrón de proyección se correlacionan con la expresión de proteínas ligadoras de calcio, de modo que las porciones rostrales expresan preferentemente parvalbúmina, y las caudales calbindina.
En conclusión, la organización de estas vías talamocorticales se asemeja a la observada en el tálamo de primates y carnívoros, ya que en ellos se han descrito canales segregados, dedicados a aspectos específicos de la somatosensación. Por su parte, la densa y topográfica inervación desde VP al área S2 descrita en este estudio es una evidencia anatómica que apoya la noción de que el procesamiento de determinadas submodalidades somatosensoriales, en el tálamo de roedores, es paraleloEste trabajo ha sido financiado por los proyectos MICINN PID2020-115780GB-I00, AEI/FLAG-ERA PCI2019-111900-2 y European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Specific Grant Agreement No. 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3
Impact of the changes from ICD-10 to ICD-11 in the diagnosis of depressive disorder in the general population
No full textBackground: The World Health Organization recently revised the criteria for the diagnosis of depressive disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This most recent version of the classification (ICD-11) presents some notable differences from the previous one that may impact the prevalence rate. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of changes on the diagnosis of depressive episodes in the general population. Method: We used a general population sample (n = 2911; Age, M = 59; Gender, 56 % women) from the project ‘Edad con Salud’ using face-to-face interviews based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Instrument. To explore the impact of changes between ICD-10 and ICD-11, we compared participants with a diagnosis of a depressive disorder and those without, as well as participants who presented depression in only one of the two versions. Results: When using the ICD-10 criteria, we identified 189 cases of depressive episodes against 186 with ICD-11. Five and two participants were respectively diagnosed only with ICD-10 and ICD-11. The weighted lifetime prevalence is identical using both diagnostic criteria (6.3 %). Conclusion: Despite the changes introduced in the classification, the prevalence of depressive episodes identified by ICD-10 and ICD-11 in a general population sample is almost identicalThis study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS [grant numbers PI19/00088, PI19/00103, PI19/00150, PI19/00235]. Blanca Dolz del Castellar’s work is supported by the program ‘Contratos predoctorales para Formación de Personal Investigador, FPI-UAM’, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. Lea Francia’s work is supported by funds from the European Union’s recovery, transformation, resilience, and Next Generation-EU plan: Exp. INVESTIGO 2022-C23. I01.P03.S0020-0000031- ´ Area Psiquiatría). J. L. Ayuso-Mateos acknowledges the support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (BA21- 0001
Segmental Regulation of Intestinal Motility by Colitis and the Adaptive Immune System in the Mouse Ileum and Colon
No full textGastrointestinal motility disturbances are a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, their mechanisms remain unclear. This study used a dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis mouse model, deficient in mature B and T lymphocytes, to assess intestinal motility and the role of the adaptive immune system in health and IBD. In healthy mice, the absence of adaptive lymphocytes reduced acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity in the ileum. During colitis, it decreases motility by reducing the intensity and frequency of spontaneous contractions while increasing cholinergic responsiveness. In the proximal colon, adaptive immunity deficiency led to increased contractility and reduced ACh sensitivity in homeostasis, whereas colitis reduced contractile capacity. In the mid colon, immune-deficient mice had reduced ACh sensitivity in homeostasis and exacerbated contractile responses during colitis. In the distal colon, adaptive immunity loss reduced contractility in health and cholinergic responsiveness during colitis. These motility alterations were associated with altered acetylcholinesterase and M2/M3 muscarinic receptor expression. Notably, adaptive lymphocyte deficiency resulted in reduced tissue damage and lower tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the colon during colitis, paralleling intestinal motility changes. Overall, the adaptive immune system critically regulates motility and inflammation across different intestinal segments in IBD.Gastrointestinal motility disturbances are a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, their mechanisms remain unclear. This study used a dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis mouse model, deficient in mature B and T lymphocytes, to assess intestinal motility and the role of the adaptive immune system in health and IBD. In healthy mice, the absence of adaptive lymphocytes reduced acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity in the ileum. During colitis, it decreases motility by reducing the intensity and frequency of spontaneous contractions while increasing cholinergic responsiveness. In the proximal colon, adaptive immunity deficiency led to increased contractility and reduced ACh sensitivity in homeostasis, whereas colitis reduced contractile capacity. In the mid colon, immune-deficient mice had reduced ACh sensitivity in homeostasis and exacerbated contractile responses during colitis. In the distal colon, adaptive immunity loss reduced contractility in health and cholinergic responsiveness during colitis. These motility alterations were associated with altered acetylcholinesterase and M2/M3 muscarinic receptor expression. Notably, adaptive lymphocyte deficiency resulted in reduced tissue damage and lower tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the colon during colitis, paralleling intestinal motility changes. Overall, the adaptive immune system critically regulates motility and inflammation across different intestinal segments in IBDSupported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación grants PID2021-122780OB-I00 and CNS2022-135365 (A.C.-A.); the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain grant RTI2018-097504-B-I00
(S.-M.A.); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) grants PI20/00306 and PI24/00146 (J.-M.G.-G.), with cofunding from the European Union; the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Juan de la Cierva Program FJC2021-047282-I (R.C.-G.); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and the Programa de Formación de Profesorado Universitario del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades FPU19/01774 (R.G.-B.); and Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (A.S.
#UAMdiversa: Primer diagnóstico de diversidad, equidad e inclusión de la UAM
Get PDFEste diagnóstico tiene como objetivo evaluar el estado actual de la diversidad dentro de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), así como identificar las posibles barreras a las que se enfrenta la comunidad universitaria en términos de representación e inclusión. Los resultados de este análisis servirán de base para el diseño del I Plan de Diversidad de la UAM.
Para realizar este primer diagnóstico de diversidad de la UAM se utilizaron dos técnicas de recolección de información principales: grupos focales y entrevistas individuales. La muestra de personas entrevistadas incluyó a 42 personas, tanto estudiantes como personal de la UAM, lo cual permitió captar una amplia variedad de vivencias y perspectivas sobre las dinámicas dentro de la universidad. En cuanto a los grupos focales, se realizaron 16 grupos con un total de 69 participantes.
El objetivo del diseño metodológico escogido para
este primer diagnóstico es subrayar la percepción
y las experiencias de las personas que conforman
la comunidad UAM. El propósito es tomarlas como
punto de partida para evaluar, mediante los indicadores incorporados a lo largo del proceso de análisis, las necesidades y/o espacios de mejora, así como
reconocer los medios disponibles para elloEste informe fue solicitado y financiado por la Unidad de Equidad Social del Vicerrectorado de Compromiso Social y Sostenibilidad de
la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM