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The impact of urban business environment on the agglomeration of high-skilled labor
Full text linkIn the era of technology-driven global economic transition, optimizing high-level labor agglomeration is crucial for economic growth as high-skilled workers prioritize urban business environments over housing prices and wages. Leveraging panel data from 280 Chinese cities spanning 2009-2021, this study delves into the impact of the urban business environment on high-skilled labor agglomeration. Specifically, the entropy weight method is employed to measure business environment indicators, and the location quotient is used to measure the level of high-skilled labor agglomeration. Employing two-way fixed effect, mediating effect, and threshold effect models, we find that improving the urban business environment significantly boosts high-skilled labor agglomeration, partially through enhanced urban innovation. However, the impact of the business environment on high-skilled labor agglomeration is constrained by the average wage level. If the average wage level is too low, the optimization of the urban business environment will impede the agglomeration of high-skilled labor. Our findings emphasize the importance of a favorable business environment and reasonable wage policies in attracting talent for sustainable economic development
Cryopreservation and its effects in coffee-tree (Coffea spp.) culture
Full text linkCoffee is one of the most commercialized beverages worldwide. It is obtained from the fruits of the coffee plant (Coffea spp), a genus that is difficult to conserve because its seeds tolerate a certain amount of desiccation but become sensitive to the low temperatures used in conventional germplasm banks. Hence, the importance of using other methods, such as cryopreservation, which allows for storage over extended periods. During this process, tissues are subjected to different treatments and methods that can cause cryogenic damage and stress. To determine their occurrence and rule out the appearance of genetic variability, various analyses are performed, ranging from morphological to epigenetic. The present bibliographic review was conducted to identify the main research on cryopreservation and its effects on coffee cultivation. The analyses applied to evaluate cryogenic damage were studied at the morphological, histological, physiological, and biochemical levels. The effects detected represent tissue responses to stress caused by this long-term preservation technique. Molecular studies have not been reported so far; thus, it is necessary to continue deepening these analyses to achieve their complementarity, in order to corroborate the genetic stability of the coffee plants recovered from cryopreservation
Shaping prospective teachers' national values through mobile learning: An exploration of practice
Full text linkComparative studies of national values are becoming increasingly important in contemporary globalization processes. An essential condition for shaping national values in learners is the enrichment of pedagogical technology with components of digital technology. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in this study. This research aims to examine the efficacy of mobile learning in shaping the national values of prospective teachers. 180 participants participated in this study. Diagnostics of the levels of national values formation in the initial stage confirmed the assumption about the low formation of national values among teacher candidates and, consequently, the need for targeted work on their formation. This study demonstrates that significant advances in students' national values have occurred following the introduction and testing of mobile learning with EG participants to shape national values. This study serves as the basis for creating strategies for shaping the national values of learners in universities and as a methodological basis for adapting mobile learning for the shaping of national values
TPACK-integrated experiential performance learning model to enhance learners' digital competency
Full text linkThis study introduces and validates the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge–Integrated Experiential Performance Learning (TPACK-EPL) Model, designed to enhance learners’ digital competency through a structured instructional design framework. The model integrates the TPACK framework with experiential and performance-based learning, resulting in a six-phase cycle that connects technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge to authentic and reflective learning experiences. Development involved a systematic literature review, theoretical synthesis, and validation by five experts in educational technology and instructional design. Each phase of the model maps TPACK dimensions to experiential performance learning processes, specifying the roles of both instructors and learners. To evaluate the model, a 34-item expert rubric was developed covering principles, conceptual clarity, pedagogical relevance, technological appropriateness, and alignment with digital competency outcomes. Experts rated the model highly across all dimensions, with an overall mean score of 4.82 (SD = 0.20). Findings suggest that the TPACK-EPL Model provides both theoretical strength and practical applicability, offering educators and instructional designers a robust framework for cultivating digital knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Future research should test its implementation in classroom settings and conduct longitudinal studies to assess sustained impact across diverse educational contexts
Comparing traditional AI, agentic ai and agentic rag for dialogic online education
Full text linkOnline education increasingly depends on artificial intelligence (AI) for scale, personalization, and assessment. However, most deployments remain confined to one-shot, content-delivery paradigms that under-serve dialogic pedagogy, an approach centered on multi-voiced inquiry, co-construction of knowledge, and iterative, socially mediated reasoning. This paper synthesizes three paradigms of AI: Traditional AI, Agentic AI, and Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), and evaluates how each can be applied to online teaching and learning organized around dialogic principles. I articulate a theory-led design space grounded in dialogic pedagogy (Freire, Bakhtin, Wegerif, Alexander) and contemporary learning science (Vygotsky’s ZPD; the Community of Inquiry framework; ICAP). I map each AI paradigm to core online education tasks (tutoring, assessment for learning, discussion orchestration, knowledge building). I propose reference architectures and governance patterns and offer implementation roadmaps, metrics, and risk mitigations. The paper argues that while traditional AI enables efficient, bounded tasks (e.g., automated grading, item generation), agentic AI introduces goal-directed orchestration across tools and actions required for authentic dialogic workflows (e.g., facilitation, critique, reflection). Agentic RAG best aligns with dialogic pedagogy by grounding agent decisions in evolving, cited knowledge; supporting multi-turn planning and verification; and maintaining memory of class discourse and norms. The paper concludes with a pragmatic recommendation: combine Agentic RAG for knowledge-intensive, discourse-heavy learning with narrowly scoped traditional AI services and agentic guards; evaluate with dialogic outcome metrics, not merely accuracy or time-on-task
ARDL approach: The determinants of government size in Malaysia
Full text linkThe government size is determined through the ratio between the government expenditure which including the operation and development with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study with the intention to examine the long-run relationship between the determinants with the government size of Malaysia during the periods of year 1980 to year 2018. The determinants including the trade openness, country size, foreign direct investment openness, portfolio investment openness and the economic growth. The annual data are achieved from the World Bank and the Department Statistic of Malaysia (DOSM). Moreover, we adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, which proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001), to examine the long-run relationship. The result revealed that there are long-run negative relationship significantly between the determinants including the trade openness, country size, foreign direct investment openness and portfolio investment openness with the government size. On the other hands, the economic growth has a significant positive long-run relationship with the government size in Malaysia. Both trade openness and economic growth variables have the Granger Causality effects towards the government size variable. Therefore, it is essential for the government to maintain a balanced allocation of both operating and development expenditures, taking into account key influencing factors, to support sustainable long-term economic growth in Malaysia
Trade opportunities in textiles between India and BRICS: A structural share-based analysis
Full text linkAs India adjusts to the changing international trade scenario brought about by the reciprocal tariffs imposed by the U.S. government, there is a need to identify product groups and markets with strong export potential for Indian goods. India is one of the top textile exporters in the world and enjoys an immense comparative advantage in textile exports, as reflected in the high Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index. BRICS is a grouping of emerging economies, and as of 2025, these countries together accounted for 41 percent of the world population, 24 percent of the total world GDP, and 16 percent of the world trade. We evaluated the trade complementarity between India and the BRICS countries Brazil, Russia, China, and South Africa in textiles from 2001 to 2023 to examine the alignment between India’s export specialization and the import needs of these countries. The study found that the trade complementarity index with Russia and South Africa was higher than that with Brazil and China for almost the entire study period. Despite high trade complementarity, the share of Russia and South Africa in India’s major exports grew less rapidly than that with Brazil and China. This study provides an approach to identify trade opportunities in textile product groups by combining four key indicators: trade complementarity (supply–demand alignment), growth in the product group's share in India’s exports (supply potential), growth in the product group's share in the partner country's imports (demand trend), and growth in the partner’s share in India’s exports
Exploring the impacts of financial development on economic growth through financial openness in three urban agglomeration regions of China
Full text linkThis study explores the nonlinear relationship between financial development (FD), financial openness (FO), and economic growth across China’s three key urban agglomerations: Jing-Jin-Ji, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Using panel data from 10 provinces, municipalities, and Special Administrative Regions over the period 1995–2021, the study applies a panel threshold regression model to examine how the growth-enhancing effects of FD vary across different levels of FO. The results reveal that when FO is low (FO < 0.4253), FD has a strong positive impact on economic growth, indicating that domestic financial systems play a pivotal role in less open economies. In moderately open regimes (0.4253 ≤ FO ≤ 0.43720), the positive effect of FD weakens, possibly due to transitional inefficiencies or policy misalignments. Interestingly, in highly open regimes (FO > 0.43720), the impact of FD strengthens again, though not to the level observed in closed financial environments. Among the control variables, government expenditure, trade openness, and higher education enrollment negatively influence economic growth, while inflation is positively associated. These findings offer important policy insights, emphasizing the need for region-specific financial liberalization strategies and reinforcing the importance of domestic financial system development to effectively harness the benefits of global financial integration
Confucian ethical leadership, social-environmental CSR, and innovation in China: Transforming virtues into strategic value
Full text linkThis study examines how Confucian ethical leadership—grounded in the virtues of ren (benevolence), yi (righteousness), and he (harmony)—shapes corporate innovation in China, with social-environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a strategic mediator. Data were collected from 151 case samples of Confucian-oriented firms in China using a case survey method, and hierarchical regression analysis was employed for hypothesis testing. Confucian ethical leadership directly enhance corporate innovation and social-environmental CSR, while social-environmental CSR partially mediates the ethics-innovation relationship. The results highlight the dual role of Confucian ethics in driving both social-environmental CSR and innovation, demonstrating social-environmental CSR as a relational infrastructure for translating ethical governance into innovation outcomes. This research highlights the practical benefits of integrating Confucian ethics into corporate management for Chinese business leaders. By fostering harmonious stakeholder relationships and prioritizing social-environmental CSR, leaders can enhance corporate innovation and secure a competitive edge in today’s dynamic global markets. The companies and educational institutions should incorporate Confucian ethics into executive training curricula to cultivate future leaders
The role of environmental taxes in protecting the environment and the justifications for its creation in the Iraqi tax system
Full text linkThe countries of the world are increasingly working to establish effective mechanisms, adopt suitable policies, and implement legal legislations aimed at protecting the environment and reducing the various forms of pollution it faces. This growing concern is based on the fact that the survival and continuity of human life are inseparable from the natural environment, which must be preserved, protected, and used rationally without overexploitation or destruction. Only then will future generations be able to benefit from its resources in a sustainable manner. Among the many instruments of environmental protection, environmental taxes have emerged as one of the most influential and widely applied tools across many countries. These taxes are designed not only to reduce pollution and encourage cleaner production and consumption patterns but also to achieve fiscal objectives such as reducing unnecessary public expenditures and enhancing state revenues. Experiences in developed nations, particularly within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), have demonstrated the success of environmental taxes in balancing economic growth with ecological sustainability. Based on this international experience, the current research adopted the basic hypothesis that introducing environmental taxes in Iraq would generate significant positive effects at the environmental level. Such a step could contribute to addressing pollution challenges, improving environmental quality, and laying the foundation for sustainable development in line with global trends and national priorities