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The Risk-Taking Behaviour of Tunisian Banks in the Post-Revolution Era: A Panel ARDL-PMG Approach
Get PDFThis study investigates the long-term determinants of capital buffers and risk-taking adjustment by focusing on a sample of listed Tunisian commercial banks. This research uses hand-collected semi-annual data. The panel autoregressive distributed lags technique is used to control for unit root processes and to check for long-term determinants of capital and risk-taking adjustment. The empirical findings prove the existence of a moral hazard and procyclical behaviour of Tunisian banks in response to capital requirements. However, some results indicate that capital standards are still an important prudential tool for ensuring the robustness of Tunisian banks. There have been no previous studies focusing on this issue in the context of the Tunisian banking system in the turbulent post-revolution era. This paper innovates by assuming that a set of bank-specific, macroeconomic and regulatory variables exert a long-term rather than a short-term influence on capital buffers and risk-taking. The research does not consider a possible long-term simultaneous relationship between capital and risk-taking. The sample could be extended if data were available. Tunisian banks are advised to diversify their sources of revenues and to thoroughly revise their business models in order to become less dependent on revenues from traditional intermediation activities and to reduce the procyclicality of the banking system
Do Interest Rate and Inflation Matter for Exchange Rate Fluctuation in Bangladesh? An ARDL Approach
Get PDFThis research explores the effects of inflation and interest rate on the nominal exchange rate in Bangladesh using data from 1980 to 2021. The Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) test is used to find the order of integration whereas the ARDL approach has been used to determine the causality and cointegration among the variables. The ARDL bounds testing approach revealed a stable and statistically significant long-run relationship between Interest Rate (IR), Inflation (INF) and Exchange Rate (ER). The long-run ARDL model advocates that an increase in the lending interest rate leads to a significant appreciation of Bangladeshi currency in terms of USD. At the same time, the inflation has a positive but insignificant impact on the exchange rate at 5% level of significance. In the short-run, the effects of the interest rate on the exchange rate are positive and significant but the inflationary effect on the exchange rate is not statistically significant. Hence, the study recommends an efficient management of interest rate and inflation in Bangladesh to keep balance in the exchange rate
Old but Gold: Secondary School Students’ Communication Attitude Scale
Get PDFCommunication as a skill is not something new; however, it has become much more important than ever before as the way and with whom we communicate have changed. That is why educators need to have valid and reliable tools to understand how this skill is perceived by students. This study aims to provide a valid and reliable secondary school students’ communication attitude scale (SSSCAS). A draft form for the scale was prepared with 32 items depending on the relevant literature and reviewed by experts in the field. The revised form was applied to 397 students at a state secondary school in Aksaray city of Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. First, explanatory factor analysis that tests construct validity was carried out and three items were extracted from further analysis due to insufficient factor loadings. The remaining 29 items are placed under four sub-dimensions called openness to communication, body language and preferences, self-confidence, and obstacles. The structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis and the validity of the scale with the four sub-dimensions was found to be appropriate. The Cronbach’s alpha values of all sub-dimensions and the scale were above the required level. As a result, the developed scale is a valid and reliable scale to assess communication attitudes of secondary school students
Education and Livelihood in Ghana: Evidence from Instrumental Variable Analysis
Get PDFThe research verified if schooling makes any difference in the consumption expenditure and poverty status of individuals in Ghana. Using the recent round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey data, we quantified the difference that schooling makes in the livelihood of individuals through the method of instrumental variables (IV). We found that individuals who have completed some level of schooling experience a significant increase in their consumption expenditure relative to those who have not been to school at all. Again, educated individuals who are poor had a significantly lower consumption expenditure compared to educated individuals who are non-poor. Also, individuals with some level of schooling had a lower probability to be poor compared to those without any schooling. We suggest massive investment in educational infrastructure and a revision of the schooling curriculum to equip individuals with workable skills that can enable them to undertake livelihood activities to improve their welfare
Combining Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning: Student Satisfaction with Online Learning using Learning Management Systems
Get PDFStudents' satisfaction, knowledge, skills and attitude towards learning (KSAs), engagement and interaction in online learning are essential indicators in ensuring that the Learning Management System (LMS) is utilised effectively and efficiently. However, most students become passive listeners and observers during online teaching and learning activities on the LMS platform, both in synchronous and asynchronous learning. Therefore, this study aimed to identify student satisfaction in terms of KSAs, engagement and interaction with a combination of synchronous and asynchronous learning in online learning platforms. A questionnaire was distributed to 163 students from a higher education institution. The results showed that student satisfaction was at a high level in KSAs; there was a significant positive relationship between KSAs, interaction and student engagement which led to student satisfaction. Therefore, a teaching design which combines synchronous and asynchronous learning methods could be applied by educators to enhance students' KSAs, interaction and engagement to help raise their satisfaction levels
Factors Affecting the Success of E-Learning-Based Training using Learning Management System Platforms: Adaptations of Updated DeLone and McLean Models
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to determine the factors, both direct and indirect, that affect the success of the learning management systems implemented in the Ministry of Education's “Sekolah Penggerak” training program. The DeLone-McClean IS Success Model was modified to be used as the study's analysis tool. The study employed a quantitative method with 122 samples. The survey technique employing Google Forms was used in the data collection process. The Partial Least Square Structural Model was analyzed using the Smart-PLS 3.0 software. As the t-statistic value was more than 1.96 and the p-value was less than 0.05, all hypotheses testing direct influence on success were accepted. Only four of the thirteen hypotheses on indirect influence were rejected. In conclusion, the DeLone-McClean IS Success Model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a learning management system in various e-learning activities
Effectiveness of Digital Game Based Learning Strategy in Higher Educational Perspectives
Get PDFDigital game-based learning strategy is now widely used in various fields such as education, marketing and advertising. This learning strategy has attracted great attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years due to its effectiveness in various educational fields. As more research studies favored the constructive impact of games on the learning process, more and more investigators are dedicated to developing digital educational games to enhance learning skills for 21st century requirements. The objectives of the current investigation were: to present a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature of previous studies on the effectiveness of digital game-based learning strategy in a higher educational context; to report the role of various adult learning theories in digital game-based learning strategy; to highlight some barriers and their solutions in digital game-based learning strategy. A total of 20 previous studies on digital game-based learning strategy in higher educational perspectives published from 2008-2021 were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria for conducting this investigation. The results of the current investigation revealed that digital game-based learning strategy has deep effects on the learning skills of the learners in higher educational perspectives. The digital game-based learning strategy is a better option for the improvement of engagement of learners towards learning and critical thinking skills
Understanding the Relationship between CSR and Dividend Policy: Review and Future Prospects
Get PDFThe study explores and highlights the relationship between dividend payout (DP) policy and corporate social responsibility (CSR). For this purpose, the author used a survey method to find previous research articles that have discussed this relationship. The study’s findings suggest that CSR and DP, individually and with other variables, have been considerably researched. However, when it comes to the relationship between the two variables, the research is only about a decade old. Thus, minimal research has explored this relationship and has concentrated only on developed economies. Most of these researchers have found a positive relationship between the two variables, despite taking different proxies to measure CSR, which is contrary to the Resource-Based Theory. The author concluded that there is a lack of research focusing on the relationship between the two major corporate decisions. Thus, no theory(ies) explains the relationship, and corporate managers, policymakers, investors, and even researchers have not paid enough attention to the association and its implications
Do Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance Impact Firm Performance? Evidence from Indian Firms
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of individual environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) and the overall ESG performance on the firms’ performance in Indian context. Three dimensions of a firm’s performance, i.e., operational, financial, and market performance, are measured through return on assets, return on equity, and firm value (Tobin’s Q), respectively. The study spans the period from 2012 to 2019, with NSE 500 firms as the first sample set and NSE 100 ESG enhanced index firms as the second sample set. Panel data analysis was performed with efficiency tests for the random and fixed-effects models. The study deduced that the ESG index listed firms have better operational and financial performance than the non-listed ESG firms. With the second sample set, the impact of ESG and its subcomponents’ performance on firms’ performance was examined. Overall, ESG had a positive and significant association with operational and market performance. All the subcomponents positively impact operational performance and negatively impact market performance. The impact of ESG and its subcomponents on financial performance could not be established except for the governance score. The study findings will be beneficial for investors, regulators, and corporate sustainability decision-makers in their different capacities and roles across global markets
Agriculture Adaptation Strategies of Tunisian Oasis Households to Climate Change
Get PDFClimate change should have impacts on Tunisian arid regions oasis households are likely to bear the most significant negative impacts, the case of the oasis of "Metouia" in the governorate of "Gabes". This research is based on an econometric analysis through cross-sectional probit models involving 50 oasis households. The binary probit models showed that certain factors contribute significantly to the adaptation strategies identified, such as: the age of the agricultural household head, agriculture as a main activity, the agricultural production system adopted the mode of ownership of agricultural land, extension for farmers. All actions aimed at improving the resilience of Tunisian oasis agricultural households to climate change focus mainly on the strategies adopted by farmers in terms of water management, the technical choices and the production systems adopted combined with the experience and local know-how