E-Jurnal Universitas Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya
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Formulasi Sampo Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dan Uji Aktivitas terhadap Pityrosporum ovale
No full textEkstrak buah mengkudu memiliki aktivitas menghambat pertumbuhan isolat jamur penyebab ketombe sehingga peneliti tertarik memformulasikan ekstrak buah mengkudu ke dalam sediaan sampo. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak buah mengkudu memiliki aktivitas terhadap jamur Pityrosporum ovale dan mengetahui kestabilan fisik sediaan selama penyimpanan. Sediaan sampo dibuat 4 formula yaitu formula 0 tanpa ekstrak, formula I dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 10 %, formula 2 dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 20%, dan formula 3 dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 30%. Evaluasi kestabilan fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, pengukuran pH, pengukuran tinggi busa dan pengukuran viskositas. Hasil evaluasi sifat fisik keempat formula sampo menunjukan semua formula memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-2692-1992 dan stabil selama penyimpanan 28 hari. Uji Hedonik dilakukan terhadap 30 panelis dan hasil uji hedonik menunjukkan formula yang disukai panelis adalah formula 2. Sediaan sampo mengandung ekstrak mengkudu dapat menghambat Pityrosporum ovale dan berdasarkan hasil uji kesukaan formula 2 merupakan formula yang paling disukai panelis serta memiliki stabilitas yang baik
Hubungan Pola Makan Tinggi Kalori terhadap Kadar Glukosa pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Pasien Prolanis di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Utara II
No full textPola makan yang salah bisa menimbulkan peningkatan kandungan gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Pola makan untuk pengidap DM tipe 2 yang benar merupakan dengan mempraktikkan 3 perihal ialah : waktu makan, tipe santapan yang disantap, serta jumlah jatah dalam tiap kali makan harus sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan tinggi kalori terhadap kadar glukosa pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 pasien prolanis di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Utara II. Penelitian ini ialah suatu penelitian observasional dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan pasien prolanis yang menderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang datang berobat di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Utara II yang akan diambil dengan data kuisioner. Subjek penelitian yang akan diteliti adalah 51 pasien DM tipe 2, serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi sampel. Teknik analisis data yang disajikan dalam bentuk analisis deskriptif statistik. Hasil uji statistik Chi-Square menunjukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara karakteristik usia dengan pola makan tinggi kalori (p=0,773 > 0,05). Variabel karakteristik jenis kelamin dengan pola makan tinggi kalori menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan (p=0,834 > 0,05). Variabel karakteristik berat badan dengan pola makan tinggi kalori menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan (p=0,582 > 0,05). Variabel karakteristik pekerjaan dengan pola makan tinggi kalori menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan (p=0,345 > 0,05). Variabel pola makan tinggi kalori terhadap kadar glukosa menunjukan ada hubungan signifikan (p=0,000 < 0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan antara pola makan tinggi kalori terhadap kadar glukosa pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe II pasien prolanis di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Utara II
Optimasi Formula dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Cair Elektrik Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) sebagai Anti Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
No full textInsektisida hayati yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan berpotensi untuk mengendalikan vektor. Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) merupakan tumbuhan yang mengandung golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder saponin, flavonoid, polifenol dan minyak astiri yang bersifat racun bagi nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi dan melakukan evaluasi fisik sediaan cair elektrik bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dengan konsentrasi 15, 30 dan 45%. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental, ekstrak bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi sediaan selama 28 hari penyimpanan meliputi pemeriksaan pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, homogenitas, warna dan bau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga formula sediaan cair elektrik stabil dan tidak mengalami perubahan yang berarti. Ditinjau dari pH, bobot jenis, viskositas, warna, bau, dan homogenitas; ketiga formula memenuhi syarat selama penyimpanan 28 hari
Journal Pre-proof Student nurses' career preferences for working with people with dementia: A longitudinal cohort study
No full textBackgroundInternationally there are too few suitably skilled registered nurses to meet the demands for dementia care. Research has established low preferences in undergraduate nursing students for working with older people. However, there is limited research on preferences for dementia care. Understanding career preferences is one component of ensuring future workforce capacity.ObjectiveTo assess student nurses' preferences during undergraduate training in relation to working with people with dementia.MethodsData from a longitudinal survey collected at two UK universities were analysed (n = 488). Measures included career preferences, demographics, participation in a dementia educational intervention, and measures of attitude, knowledge, and empathy to dementia. Open text responses were also included to explore the students' reasons for their preferences.ResultsThe preference for working with older people and people with dementia was low and decreased during training. A linear regression analysis supports a strong relationship of preferences with attitudes to dementia. Content analysis of students' reasons for their preferences found that perceived difficulty and lack of confidence contributes to the negative evaluation of working with people with dementia.ConclusionUndergraduate nursing education needs to continue to review its contribution to preparing the dementia workforce and act to support positive attitudes to working with people with dementia across nursing specialties
Sulfur infiltration and allotrope formation in porous cathode hosts for lithium-sulfur batteries
No full textWe investigate sulfur infiltration and formation of lower order allotropes in heated porous hosts during fabrication of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery cathodes. Sulfur existence in cathode ultramicropores has been an important question for Li-S batteries, as ultramicropores reduce the polysulfides " shuttle effect " but also delay sulfur dissolution and Li + ion diffusion in the trapped solid sulfur. A novel continuum-level model is presented including heat transfer and sulfur infiltration, either from the top of a porous host or from the porous host particle surface, and taking into account the pore size distribution. A novel decay factor in modeling sulfur infiltration incorporates the pore wall repulsion energy and allotrope formation energy (predicted by density functional theory [DFT] simulations). Simulations are performed for a microporous carbon fabric host and an activated carbon powder host with bimodal micropore and macropore size distribution , with Raman and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopy confirming the predicted existence of linear S 6 and S 4 in ultramicropores. K E Y W O R D S lithium-sulfur batteries, melt and vapor infiltration, pore size distribution in cathode, sulfur allotropes 1 | INTRODUCTION Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been in the research focus in the last decade because of their high theoretical energy density, 2510 Wh kg À1 , abundance and low toxicity of sulfur. 1 Intensive effort has been devoted on the cathode, where sulfur is incorporated in a porous conductive host with the aim for the host to not only enhance electronic conductivity but also allow for cathode expansion on the insertion of Li + ions and formation of polysulfides Li 2 S x during discharge. 2 Additionally, effective cathode hosts offer means to trap the sulfur and polysulfides to limit polysulfide shuttling between cathode and anode, which would cause reduction in capacity and coulombic efficiency. 3,4 Suitable microstructural architectures, including small pores, pores with necks and hollow particles, 5,6 and hosts functionalized with chemical groups with high adsorption energy to sulfur and sulfides 7 can provide such good traps. Additional specifications for host porosity and pore size distribution (PSD) target a sulfur mass greater than 5 mg cm À2 , making up at least 70% of the cathode weight, to realize the high theoretical energy density of Li-S batteries. 8 There is a vast range of porous host material candidates for Li-S battery cathodes: porous carbons, 5,6,9 activated carbon (AC) fabrics or fibers, 10,11 graphene and graphene oxide, 12–15 an
Cerium oxide catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane reaction: Effect of lithium, samarium and lanthanum dopants
No full textThe work presented herein reports on the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) performance of a series of Li-free and Li-doped CeO2 and CeO2 modified with Sm3+ and La3+ catalysts. The supporting materials (Ce, Sm-Ce and La-Sm-Ce metal oxides) were synthesized using the microwave assisted sol-gel method in order to achieve nanophase complex materials with increased particle surface energy and reactivity. Lithium ions were added, using the wet impregnation technique, in order to further improve the physicochemical characteristics and reinforce the activity and selectivity, in terms of C2H6 and C2H4 production. All materials were characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, CO2-TPD, H2-TPR, SEM and XPS. We showed that the addition of lithium species changed the reaction pathway and drastically enhanced the production of ethylene and ethane, mainly for the promoted catalysts (Li/Sm-Ce and Li/La-Sm-Ce). In particular, the presence and the synergy between the electrophilic oxygen species (peroxide and superoxide), population of oxygen vacancy sites and the surface moderate basic sites determined the reaction pathway and the desirable product distribution
Improved sleep, memory, and cellular pathological features of tauopathy, including the NLRP3 inflammasome, after chronic administration of trazodone in rTg4510 mice
No full textSeveral cellular pathways contribute to neurodegenerative tauopathy-related disorders. Microglial activation, a major component of neuroinflammation, is an early pathological hallmark that correlates with cognitive decline, while the unfolded protein response (UPR) contributes to synaptic pathology. Sleep disturbances are prevalent in tauopathies and may also contribute to disease progression. Few studies have investigated whether manipulations of sleep influence cellular pathological and behavioural features of tauopathy. We investigated whether trazodone, a licensed antidepressant with hypnotic efficacy in dementia, can reduce disease-related cellular pathways and improve memory and sleep in male rTg4510 mice with a tauopathy-like phenotype. In a 9-week dosing regimen, trazodone decreased microglial NLRP3 inflammasome expression and phosphorylated p38mitogen-activated protein kinase levels which correlated with the NLRP3 inflammasome, the UPR effector ATF4, and total tau levels. Trazodone reduced theta oscillations during REM sleep and enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration. Olfactory memory transiently improved, and memory performance correlated with REM sleep duration and theta oscillations. These findings on the effects of trazodone on the NLRP3 inflammasome, the unfolded protein response and behavioural hallmarks of dementia warrant further studies on the therapeutic value of sleep-modulating compounds for tauopathies
Long-term effects of clinical interventions on nutritional status in patients with chronic pancreatitis - a systematic review
No full textMalnutrition in chronic pancreatitis is complex and multifactorial, with malabsorption, pain, toxic dependencies and co-morbidities, such as diabetes, each playing a role. The aims of this systematic review were to assess the impact of nutritional intervention on markers of nutritional status in this complex patient group,A systematic review of EMBASE and PubMed was carried out in February 2020, identifying 2620 articles. After screening to exclude those reporting short term changes (less than 3 months), with only one data point, or in the wrong population, eight papers were selected for analysis.Seven studies documented the impact of a nutritional intervention, one was an observational study only. Overall, studies were limited by predominantly retrospective designs, heterogenous populations and poor control of potentially confounding variables. Data could not be combined due to variability in reporting methods. All studies exploring nutritional intervention, whether that consisted of advice by a specialist dietitian, dose escalation of pancreatic enzymes, oral nutritional supplements or enteral feeding, demonstrated improved body weight and pain control, whereas patients who did not receive an intervention deteriorated nutritionally.Patients with chronic pancreatitis benefit from nutritional intervention. Further work is required to explore the impact of nutritional intervention on body composition and functional outcomes
Revealing the residual stress distribution in laser welded Eurofer97 steel by neutron diffraction and Bragg edge imaging
No full text•Through-thickness residual stress distribution in three dimensions is evaluated.•High-resolution residual strain is mapped by neutron Bragg edge imaging.•Location-dependent reference lattice spacing is first applied on neutron imaging.•Correlation between microstructure, residual stress and micro-hardness is studied.Eurofer97 steel is a primary structural material for applications in fusion reactors. Laser welding is a promising technique to join Eurofer97 plasma-facing components and overcome remote handling and maintenance challenges. The interaction of the induced residual stress and the heterogeneous microstructure degrades the mechanical performance of such fusion components. The present study investigates the distribution of residual stresses of as-welded and post-heat treated Eurofer97 joints. The mechanistic connections between microstructure, material properties, and residual stress are also studied. The neutron diffraction is used to study the through-thickness residual stress distribution in three directions, and neutron Bragg edge imaging (NBEI) is applied to study the residual strain in high spatial resolution. The microstructures and micro-hardness are characterised by electron backscatter diffraction and nanoindentation, respectively. The M-shaped residual stress distribution through the thickness of the as-welded weldment is observed by neutron diffraction line scans over a region of 1.41 × 10 mm2. These profiles are cross-validated over a larger area (∼56 × 40 mm2) with the higher spatial resolution by NBEI. The micro-hardness value in the fusion zone of the as-welded sample almost doubles from 2.75 ± 0.09 GPa to 5.06 ± 0.29 GPa due to a combination of residual stress and cooling-induced martensite. Conventional post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is shown to release ∼ 90% of the residual stress but not fully restore the microstructure. By comparing its hardness with that of stress-free samples, it is found that the microstructure is the primary contribution to the hardening. This study provides insight into the prediction of structural integrity for critical structural components of fusion reactors
A Modelling Study on the Molecular Mechanisms of Ionic Liquid-Based Separation Processes
No full textRoom-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are novel materials that can be used in separation processes in chemical industries such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and CO2/CH4 separation. Due to the high cost of RTILs and limitations of experimental methods, in-silico methods are becoming more widespread in studying RTILs. In this research work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate the molecular basis of RTIL-based separation processes, particularly LLE of aromatics from aliphatics, and CO2/CH4 separation with RTIL-based composite membrane. In RTIL-based LLE process a method based on MD simulations was proposed, which calculates the number of molecules dissolved in each layer from the molecular structure generated by MD simulations. The proposed method successfully predicted the extractive properties such as selectivity and distribution ratio in LLE, where its reliability has been validated against experimental data. Afterwards, the extraction behaviour of seven different RTILs were tested using the proposed method where [C2mim][Tf2N] gives the best LLE performance. The deviations between the LLE performances of different RTIL extractants have been explored by the binding energies produced from DFT calculations. In CO2/CH4 separation, the mechanisms behind the selectivity enhancement by adding RTIL into ZIF-8 membrane (RTIL@ZIF-8) has been explored from the aspect of aperture configurations. The energy barrier values of CO2/CH4 penetrating the ZIF-8 aperture of different configurations have been obtained from the potential energy curves generated by DFT calculations. The MD-simulated results indicate that the presence of RTILs have stabilised the aperture configuration, which gives better selectivity compared to varied aperture configurations as evidenced from DFT calculations. Subsequently, the RTIL@ZIF-8 technique was further improved from the gas diffusion routes and feed CO2 concentration by MD simulation of CO2/CH4 diffusing through the ZIF-8 supercell. Results from MD simulations suggest that the gas molecules favour the route of minimum length, which may serve as objective of future membrane synthesis techniques. The selectivity value rises with increasing proportion of CO2 in feed mixture. When CO2 concentration achieves beyond 50%, the selectivity value still increases but does not ensure a better separation performance