E-Jurnal Universitas Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya
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On local kirigami mechanics II: Stretchable creased solutions
No full textFollowing on Part I of this work series on local kirigami mechanics, we presenta study of a discretely creased mechanism as a model to investigate themechanics of the basic geometric building block of kirigami - the e-cone. Weconsider an annular disk with a single radial slit discritised by a series of radialcreases connecting kinematically flat rigid panels. The creases allow bothrelative rotation and separation between panels, capturing both bending andstretching deformations. Admissible equilibrium congurations are obtainedby penalising these deformations using elastic springs with stiffnesses derivedfrom compatible continuum plate deformations. This provides a tool to studyboth inextensible and extensible e-cone congurations due to opening of theslit and rotation of its lips. This creased model hence offers the possibilityto study the e-cone away from its isometric limit, i.e., for plates with finitethickness, and explore the full range of post-buckling (far-from-threshold)behaviour as well as initial buckling (near-threshold) instability. Our localapproach provides a fundamental understanding of kirigami phenomenology,underpinned by a proper theoretical approach to geometry and mechanics
Explaining the willingness of consumers to bring their own reusable coffee cups under the condition of monetary incentives
No full textAn increasing number of hospitality firms attempt to foster sustainable practices among their customers. Amongst these, incentives for customers to bring their own reusable products stand out. In this study, we analyse the explanatory factors of the willingness of consumers to bring a reusable container if a discount is offered and the minimum discount required in order for these consumers to be willing to do so. Several factors are proposed to explain an individual’s willingness to bring a reusable coffee cup (RCC) including their environmental concern and involvement, personal restrictions for using an RCC, and socio-demographic characteristics. An empirical application, conducted on 1,371 individuals using the Heckit model, allows us to conduct a joint modelisation and provide a novel methodological contribution to the study of the willingness, and barriers, of individuals towards the use of RCCs in the coffee shop industry. </p
SAKE*: A Symmetric Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol with Perfect Forward Secrecy for Industrial Internet of Things
No full textSecurity in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is of vital importance as there are some cases where IIoT devices collect sensory information for crucial social production and life. Thus, designing secure and efficient communication channels is always a research hotspot. However, end devices have limitations in memory, computation, and power-supplying capacities. Moreover, perfect forward secrecy (PFS), which means that long-term key exposure cannot disclose previous session keys, is a critical security property for authentication and key exchange (AKE). In this paper, we propose an AKE protocol named SAKE* for the IIoT environment, where PFS is provided by two types of keys (i.e., a master key and an evolution key). In addition, the SAKE* protocol merely uses concatenation, XOR, and hash function operations to achieve lightweight authentication, key exchange, and message integrity. We also compare the SAKE* protocol with seven recent and IoT-related authentication protocols in terms of security properties and performance. Comparison results indicate that the SAKE* protocol consumes the least computation resource and third least communication cost among eight AKE protocols while equipping with twelve security properties
Optimising Audio Reproduction in the Domestic Environment Incorporating Ad-Hoc Devices
No full textTo experience loudspeaker-based immersive audio at home, listeners are currentlyrequired to own surround-sound systems, otherwise they are relegated to receivinga compromised experience. A study was undertaken, revealing low ownership byhouseholds of surround-sound systems (11.5%) and soundbars (16.9%). Ownershipwas higher for portable audio-capable devices, including wireless loudspeakers (17.5%),tablets (66.3%) and mobile phones (82.5%). This motivated development of techniquesto optimise reproduction for the unique listener and loudspeaker arrangements whichexist in homes, using those portable, ad-hoc devices.First, we examined a range of approaches through which ad-hoc devices could be usedto improve listening experiences. This was achieved through an exploratory listeningexperiment, performed via creation of a representative playback environment, a highqualityand format-agnostic dataset of programme items, and a broad set of novelrendering approaches validated by industry experts. The experiment revealed thatrepositioning non-dialogue elements of the programmes, whilst restricting dialogue tothe main loudspeakers, had the most consistent positive effect. This was observed mostprominently for attributes related to spatial extent, such as envelopment.Next, a system to automatically optimise listener experience for arbitrary arrangementsof installed and ad-hoc loudspeakers was developed. Requiring minimal producer input,the system operates by repositioning objects to maximise perceived envelopment acrossmultiple listening positions. Whilst validation of the envelopment model demonstratedonly moderate correlation, when compared to VBAP, stereo and 5.0, using stereo plusone to eight ad-hoc devices, the envelopment-system outputs were typically significantlypreferred to VBAP and in 75% of cases to stereo — when rendering to stereo plustwo, or more, ad-hoc devices. The outputs were only ever less preferred to 5.0 in themost challenging scenarios and when using few ad-hoc devices. This demonstratesthat perceptually motivated reproduction approaches can facilitate improved listeningexperiences, using devices which home users often already own
Quantum Effects in DNA Replication Fidelity
No full textOne of the most important topics in molecular biology is the genetic stability of DNA. One threat to this stability comes from proton transfer reactions which lead to the formation of rare potentially mutagenic tautomers. The tautomeric bases do not follow the standard Watson-Crick base pairing rules and can potentially lead to replication errors. While the existence of the tautomeric configurations was already postulated in the original work of Watson and Crick, it is unclear if, and to what degree, the tautomers are stable and whether quantum tunnelling contributes to tautomerisation. In this work, the energy landscape of the DNA is modelled with accurate ab initio quantum chemistry methods based on density functional theory. The resulting potential energy surfaces correspond to the single and double proton transfers between the canonical and the potentially mutagenic tautomeric state. Furthermore, the DNA is treated using an open quantum systems approach based on the Wigner-Moyal Caldera-Leggett master equation with terms accounting for the dissipative and decoherent nature of the surrounding cellular environment. The combined open quantum system and chemistry modelling approach indicate that tunnelling could be relevant for a diverse range of biological scenarios in the replisome, suggesting that such proton transfer may well play a far more important role in DNA mutation than has hitherto been suggested
‘People don't get cancer, families do’: Co-development of a social physical activity intervention for people recently affected by a cancer diagnosis
No full textObjectiveThis research took a co-design approach to develop a social intervention to support people affected by a cancer diagnosis to be physically active.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with five key stakeholder groups: (1) adults with a recent breast or prostate cancer diagnosis; (2) family and friends of cancer patients; (3) healthcare professionals; (4) physical activity providers; and (5) cancer charity representatives. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes in the data. We then worked with a subset of participants to co-develop the intervention.ResultsParticipants welcomed the idea of a social approach to a physical activity intervention. Input was received on the timing and format of delivery, how to communicate about physical activity to cancer patients and their family and friends and the types of physical activity that would be appropriate. Our findings suggest that interventions need to be flexible in terms of timing and delivery and offer a wide range of physical activity options. These findings directly informed the co-development of ‘All Together Active’.ConclusionAll Together Active is designed to support cancer patients and their family and friends to be active throughout treatment and beyond, benefiting their physical and mental health
Evaluation of the Insomnia Severity Index as a population-based assessment tool for the prevalence and genetic epidemiology of insomnia
No full text"INTRODUCTION: Insomnia is a prominent sleep disorder that impacts lifetime morbidity, with substantial socioeconomic costs. In high-income countries, insomnia prevalence is steadily increasing. However, little is known about insomnia in less urbanised, lower-income populations. Baependi is a rural town in the Brazilian heartland known to maintain day-night sleep cycles aligned to natural daylight availability despite electrification. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic epidemiology of insomnia in the Baependi cohort, utilising the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire. This cohort was also compared with an urban population, the São Paulo epidemiologic Study (EPISONO). The dimensionality of the ISI as a measure of insomnia was also evaluated.METHODS: Mixed models were used for ISI score distribution and co-variate associations, and to compare subjective insomnia with quantitative sleep duration. Family structure was utilised to create polygenic models of insomnia heritability and manipulated for Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and analysis of the candidate PER3 polymorphism. Factor analysis was performed to test the psychometric properties of the ISI.RESULTS: Insomnia prevalence in the Baependi cohort was 7.3%, with numerous co-variate associations identified. Prevalence was higher in EPISONO, with notable differences in chronotype and depression. ISI score heritability in Baependi was 19%, and GWAS pinpointed CORO7 as a gene-of-interest. However, no significant association was found between PER3 genotype and ISI score. No definitive ISI factorial model was identified, but assessment of subjective insomnia and quantitative sleep duration did not show any notable disparities between the two measures.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe ISI-reported insomnia distribution and to conduct genetic studies in a general population. Overall, this study provided insight into the complex foundations of insomnia. Evaluation of the ISI suggested it is a potentially suitable measure of insomnia in population studies, although some questionnaire items should be interpreted with caution.
Improved capsule routing for weakly labeled sound event detection
No full textPolyphonic sound event detection aims to detect the types of sound events that occur in given audio clips, and their onset and offset times, in which multiple sound events may occur simultaneously. Deep learning-based methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) achieved state-of-the-art results in polyphonic sound event detection. However, two open challenges still remain: overlap between events and prone to overfitting problem. To solve the above two problems, we proposed a capsule network-based method for polyphonic sound event detection. With so-called dynamic routing, capsule networks have the advantage of handling overlapping objects and the generalization ability to reduce overfitting. However, dynamic routing also greatly slows down the training process. In order to speed up the training process, we propose a weakly labeled polyphonic sound event detection model based on the improved capsule routing. Our proposed method is evaluated on task 4 of the DCASE 2017 challenge and compared with several baselines, demonstrating competitive results in terms of F-score and computational efficiency
Impact of a food-based dietary fat exchange model for replacing dietary saturated with unsaturated fatty acids in healthy men on plasma phospholipids fatty acid profiles and dietary patterns
No full textPurpose: UK guidelines recommend dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) should not exceed 10% total energy (%TE) for cardiovascular disease prevention, with benefits observed when SFAs are replaced with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a dietary exchange model using commercially available foods to replace SFAs with UFAs.Methods: Healthy men (n=109, age 48, SD 11y) recruited to the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention-1 (RISSCI-1) study (ClinicalTrials.Gov n°NCT03270527) followed two sequential 4-week isoenergetic moderate-fat (34%TE) diets: high-SFA (18%TE SFAs, 16%TE UFAs) and low-SFA (10%TE SFAs, 24%TE UFAs). Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day weighed diet diaries. Nutrient intakes were analysed using paired t-tests, fasting plasma phospholipid fatty acid (PL-FA) profiles and dietary patterns were analysed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analyses.Results: Participants exchanged 10.2%TE (SD 4.1) SFAs for 9.7%TE (SD 3.9) UFAs between the high and low-SFA diets, reaching target intakes with minimal effect on other nutrients or energy intakes. Analyses of dietary patterns confirmed successful incorporation of recommended foods from commercially available sources (e.g. dairy products, snacks, oils, and fats), without affecting participants’ overall dietary intakes. Analyses of plasma PL-FAs indicated good compliance to the dietary intervention and foods of varying SFA content.Conclusions: RISSCI-1 dietary exchange model successfully replaced dietary SFAs with UFAs in free-living healthy men using commercially available foods, and without altering their dietary patterns. Further intervention studies are required to confirm utility and feasibility of such food-based dietary fat replacement models at a population level
Using Machine Learning to Detect Theranostic Biomarkers Predicting Respiratory Treatment Response
No full textBackground: Theranostic approaches—the use of diagnostics for developing targeted therapies—are gaining popularity in the field of precision medicine. They are predominately used in cancer research, whereas there is little evidence of their use in respiratory medicine. This study aims to detect theranostic biomarkers associated with respiratory-treatment responses. This will advance theory and practice on the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases and contribute to developing targeted treatments. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on a sample of 13,102 adults from the UK household longitudinal study ‘Understanding Society’. We used recursive feature selection to identify 16 biomarkers associated with respiratory treatment responses. We then implemented several machine learning algorithms using the identified biomarkers as well as age, sex, body mass index, and lung function to predict treatment response. Results: Our analysis shows that subjects with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, glycated haemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, c-reactive protein, triglycerides, hemoglobin, and Clauss fibrinogen are more likely to receive respiratory treatments, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and lung function. Conclusions: These findings offer a valuable blueprint on why and how the use of biomarkers as diagnostic tools can prove beneficial in guiding treatment management in respiratory diseases.<br