E-Jurnal Universitas Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya
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Topological Approximate Bayesian Computation for Parameter Inference of an Angiogenesis Model
No full textMotivationInferring the parameters of models describing biological systems is an important problem in the reverse engineering of the mechanisms underlying these systems. Much work has focused on parameter inference of stochastic and ordinary differential equation models using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). While there is some recent work on inference in spatial models, this remains an open problem. Simultaneously, advances in topological data analysis (TDA), a field of computational mathematics, have enabled spatial patterns in data to be characterized.ResultsHere, we focus on recent work using TDA to study different regimes of parameter space for a well-studied model of angiogenesis. We propose a method for combining TDA with ABC to infer parameters in the Anderson–Chaplain model of angiogenesis. We demonstrate that this topological approach outperforms ABC approaches that use simpler statistics based on spatial features of the data. This is a first step toward a general framework of spatial parameter inference for biological systems, for which there may be a variety of filtrations, vectorizations and summary statistics to be considered.Availability and implementationAll code used to produce our results is available as a Snakemake workflow from github.com/tt104/tabc_angio
Sonolysis of Per- And Poly Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A meta-analysis
No full text•PFAS sonolysis parameter meta-analysis.•Optimum pH, frequency and temperature derived for PFOX sonolysis.•Degradation occurs via adsorption bubble and headgroup removal.•PFOA/S sonolysis produces only CO2, H2, H+, and F-•Oxidative agents alter degradation mechanism.Human ingestion of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from contaminated food and water is linked to the development of several cancers, birth defects and other illnesses. The complete mineralisation of aqueous PFAS by ultrasound (sonolysis) into harmless inorganics has been demonstrated in many studies. However, the range and interconnected nature of reaction parameters (frequency, power, temperature etc.), and variety of reaction metrics used, limits understanding of degradation mechanisms and parametric trends. This work summarises the state-of-the-art for PFAS sonolysis, considering reaction mechanisms, kinetics, intermediates, products, rate limiting steps, reactant and product measurement techniques, and effects of co-contaminants. A meta-analysis showed that mid-high frequency (100-1,000 kHz) sonolysis mechanisms are similar, regardless of reaction conditions, while the low frequency (20-100 kHz) mechanisms are specific to oxidative species added, less well understood, and generally slower than mid-high frequency mechanisms. Arguments suggest that PFAS degradation occurs via adsorption (not absorption) at the bubble interface, followed by headgroup cleavage. Further mechanistic steps toward mineralisation remain to be proven. For the first time, complete stoichiometric reaction equations are derived for PFOA and PFOS sonolysis, which add H2 as a reaction product and consider CO an intermediate. Fluorinated intermediate products are derived for common, and more novel PFAS, and a naming system proposed for novel perfluoroether carboxylates. The meta-analysis also revealed the transition between pseudo first and zero order PFOA/S kinetics commonly occurs at 15-40 µM. Optimum values of; ultrasonic frequency (300 – 500 kHz), concentration (>15-40 μM), temperature (≈20°C), and pH range (3.2 – 4) for rapid PFOX degradation are derived by evaluation of prior works, while optimum values for dilution of PFAS containing firefighting foams and applied power require further work. Rate limiting steps are debated and F- is shown to be rate enhancing, while SO42- and CO2 by products are theorised to be rate limiting. Sonolysis was compared to other PFAS destructive technologies and shown to be the only treatment which fully mineralises PFAS, degrades different PFAS in order of decreasing hydrophobicity, is parametrically well studied and has low-moderate energy requirements (several kWh g-1 PFAS). It is concluded that sonolysis of PFAS in environmental samples would be well incorporated within a treatment train for improved efficiency
A review of microplastic fibres: generation, transport, and vectors for metal(loid)s in terrestrial environments
No full textDesign of Monopiles for Offshore and Nearshore Wind Turbines in Seismically Liquefiable Soils: Methodology and Validation
No full textAn increasing number of offshore wind farms are being constructed in seismic regions over liquefaction susceptible soils. This paper presents a methodology for the analysis and design of monopiles in seismically liquefiable soils by extending the established "10-step methodology" with an additional 7 steps. These additional steps include assimilation of seismic data, site response analysis, stability check of the structure (ULS check through the concept of load-utilization ratio), input motion selection, prediction of permanent tilt/rotation, and ground settlement post liquefaction. A flow chart, which shows the interdependence of the different disciplines, is presented and can be extended to routine design. This proposed method is validated using the observed performance of an offshore and nearshore turbine from the Kamisu wind farm during the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. Predicted results based on the proposed methodology compare well with the field observation and demarcate the (i) good overall performance of the offshore turbines and (ii) limit state exceedance of the nearshore turbine. It is envisaged that the proposed method will be useful towards the design of monopiles-supported wind turbines in seismic areas
Surface Analysis Techniques in Forensic Science: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities for Operational Deployment
No full textSurface analysis techniques have rapidly evolved in the last decade. Some of these are already routinely used in forensics, such as for the detection of gunshot residue or for glass analysis. Some surface analysis approaches are attractive for their portability to the crime scene. Others can be very helpful in forensic laboratories owing to their high spatial resolution, analyte coverage, speed, and specificity. Despite this, many proposed applications of the techniques have not yet led to operational deployment. Here, we explore the application of these techniques to the most important traces commonly found in forensic casework. We highlight where there is potential to add value and outline the progress that is needed to achieve operational deployment. We consider within the scope of this review surface mass spectrometry, surface spectroscopy, and surface X-ray spectrometry. We show how these tools show great promise for the analysis of fingerprints, hair, drugs, explosives, and microtraces. Expected final online publication date for theVolume 15 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates
Minding the message: tactics controlling RNA decay, modification, and translation in virus-infected cells
No full textWith their categorical requirement for host ribosomes to translate mRNA, viruses provide a wealth of genetically tractable models to investigate how gene expression is remodeled post-transcriptionally by infection-triggered biological stress. By co-opting and subverting cellular pathways that control mRNA decay, modification, and translation, the global landscape of post-transcriptional processes is swiftly reshaped by virus-encoded factors. Concurrent host cell-intrinsic countermeasures likewise conscript post-transcriptional strategies to mobilize critical innate immune defenses. Here we review strategies and mechanisms that control mRNA decay, modification, and translation in animal virus-infected cells. Besides settling infection outcomes, post-transcriptional gene regulation in virus-infected cells epitomizes fundamental physiological stress responses in health and disease
Electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to C2 products: Catalysts design, market perspectives and techno-economic aspects
No full textSkin tone bias and wound care: highlighting the current evidence and addressing the gaps in knowledge of dark skin tones
No full textWireless Powered Intelligent Radio Environment with Non-Linear Energy Harvesting
No full text—This paper investigates a wireless powered intelligent radio environment, where a fractional non-linear energy harvesting (NLEH) is proposed to enable an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted wireless powered Internet of Things (WP IoT) network. The IRS engages in downlink wireless energy transfer (WET) and uplink wireless information transfer (WIT). We aim to improve the overall performance of the considered network, and the approach is to maximize its sum throughput subject to constraints of two different types of IRS beam patterns and time durations. To solve the formulated problem, we first consider the Lagrange dual method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions to optimally design the time durations in closed-form. Then, a quadratic transformation (QT) is proposed to iteratively transform the fractional NLEH model into the subtractive form, where the IRS phase shifts are optimally derived by the Complex Circle Manifold (CCM) method in each iteration. Finally, numerical results are demonstrated to promote the proposed scheme in comparison to the benchmark schemes, where the benefits are induced by the IRS compared with the benchmark schemes
Metagenomic investigation of the equine faecal microbiome reveals extensive taxonomic diversity
No full textBackgroundThe horse plays crucial roles across the globe, including in horseracing, as a working and companion animal and as a food animal. The horse hindgut microbiome makes a key contribution in turning a high fibre diet into body mass and horsepower. However, despite its importance, the horse hindgut microbiome remains largely undefined. Here, we applied culture-independent shotgun metagenomics to thoroughbred equine faecal samples to deliver novel insights into this complex microbial community.ResultsWe performed metagenomic sequencing on five equine faecal samples to construct 123 high- or medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from Bacteria and Archaea. In addition, we recovered nearly 200 bacteriophage genomes. We document surprising taxonomic diversity, encompassing dozens of novel or unnamed bacterial genera and species, to which we have assigned new Candidatus names. Many of these genera are conserved across a range of mammalian gut microbiomes.ConclusionsOur metagenomic analyses provide new insights into the bacterial, archaeal and bacteriophage components of the horse gut microbiome. The resulting datasets provide a key resource for future high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies on the equine gut microbiome