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Kirke og stat i 1600-tallet
No full textThe present paper offers an analysis of the relationship between state and church in the sixteenth century in Denmark. The interaction between the two institutions reflects a number of convulsions which existed in the society at that time. The paper draws special attention to the financial troubles of the state and the emergence of the central state. Moreover religious affairs played a determining role in foreign politics up to the Peace of Westphalia, 1648. In the period at issue ecclesiastical activities were gradually made subject to regulations and by degree more duties were placed within the realms of the church. Throughout the entire period the state was the stronger force whereas the Reformation had stripped the church of its powerful position. The increase in regulations showed most visibly in regards to the ecclesiastical discipline which subjugated both clergy and laity to stricter disciplinary measures. The underlying reason for the ecclesiastical discipline were religious motives and the intention of strenghtening social control. The church served as a means to legitimize the secular autorities, particularly during the foreign political crisis which stemmed from the military defeat in 1629 of King Christian IV. As early as the fifteenth century parish priests had performed minor administrative tasks in relation to those services dealing with the poor and the beggars. In 1645, however, those services were noticeably extended. The priests were now ordered to keep the official books of administration which would serve as basis for imposition of taxes. During the absolute monarchy the priests were also little by little made responsible for the actual collection of taxes. With the advent of the absolute monarchy in 1660 statepower was defined in clear terms, thus enabling a coherent and concise regulation of the relationship between state and church as witnessed in the legislation af the absolute monarch. Before 1685 legislation concerning the church was fragmentary and many points of policy were decided ad hoc. Still, a fundamental revision of the hitherto legislation did not occur. The absolute monarchy merely assembled law and practice in respect to the church of the years prior. The Reformation left a power-gap between state and church. This gap was gradually filled in by the state which subdued the church. The priests became a class of civil servants loyal to the state. With the consolidation of absoulte monarchy this slow transition was eventually accomplished
Socialpædagogik med livet i hænderne: Projekt om eksistentiel og åndelig omsorg i socialpædagogisk arbejde
Get PDFEksistentiel og åndelig omsorg i socialpædagogisk arbejde er et nyt fagområde, der i høj grad stiller krav til den fagprofessionelles viden og kunnen. Har fagpersoner ikke den nødvendige sensitivitet, opmærksomhed, viden og øvelse i at bruge sproget om det eksistentielle I livet, eller udebliver modet til at tage hånd om eksistentielle og åndelige behov, er der en vigtig dimension i menneskers liv, som bliver overset. Det kræver fokus på, hvordan eksistentiel og åndelig omsorg kommer til udtryk i det socialpædagogiske og diakonale arbejde; men også hvad det er nødvendigt at vide og kunne for som fagperson at arbejde med denne dimension. På baggrund af udvikling af et undervisningsforløb (15 ECTS) for studerende på professionsbachelor-uddannelsen i Diakoni og Socialpædagogik og kursusforløb for uddannede medarbejdere i pædagogisk, socialt og kirkeligt arbejde, vil artiklen præsentere vores vidensindsamling og udfolde vigtige pointer I forhold til “ Hvordan kan eksistentiel/åndelig omsorg forstås i det socialpædagogiske og diakonale arbejde?”, herunder hvilken kundskab og kompetencer fagpersoner kan opleve at få brug for i praksis for at skabe rum og pædagogiske rammer for menneskers eksistentielle livsudfoldelse
Antropocæn Responsdidaktik : - Handlings- og forandringsorienteret undervisning for bæredygtig udvikling i grundskolen
Get PDFI denne artikel præsenterer vi Antropocæn Responsdidaktik til grundskolen. En didaktik, der har til formål at styrke grundskoleelevers handlemuligheder i den antropocæne tidsalder (Steffen et al., 2007), og som vi i det følgende kobler til begrebet change agency. Artiklen undersøger, hvordan man i praksis kan uddanne unge mennesker til at respondere på de mange kriser, som eksisterer i det Antropocæne – en tidsalder, der stiller store krav til at navigere i den enorme kompleksitet, der knytter sig til bæredygtighedsudfordringer, både nu og i fremtiden. Det gør vi ved at stille os selv følgende forskningsspørgsmål: Hvilke særlige udfordringer står både skole og elever overfor i det antropocæne, og hvilke didaktikker kan understøtte en styrket change agency som svar på disse udfordringer
The use of spreadsheet tools in assessment: an instrumented technique perspective
Get PDFA challenge in computer-based assessment, especially when introducing specific digital tools, is balancing mathematics assessment with students’ computer skills. This exploratory qualitative study aims to investigate aspects of student-tool-interaction, essential to consider when designing digital tools for assessment. Eight 15-year-old students worked in pairs with three digital test items employing interactive spreadsheet tools, followed by semi-structured interviews. The combined analysis of observations of students’ interactions with the items and the interviews indicates difficulties in using basic spreadsheet functions – despite their conceptual understanding of the tools. The main implications of the findings emphasize the importance of integrating digital tools into learning situations before assessment, and not taking basic tool-related techniques for granted