Jurnal Puslitbang tekMira (Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara)
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EFFECT OF BOKASHI BOTTOM ASH DOSAGES ON THE GROWTH OF VETIVER GRASS (Vetiveria zizanioides) AND ITS LEAD CONTENT
No full textThe experiment was conducted at a greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Winaya Mukti University Tanjungsari Sumedang, West Java, from May to October 2009. The objective of this research was to see the effect of the bokashi bottom ash application on the growth and of vertiver grass and its lead content. The experiment used the environmental design of Randomized Block Design (RBD) that consist of five treatments and is repeated five times. The factor was the bokashi bottom ash dosages ( 0,5,10, 15, and 20 t ha-1 ). The results show that the application of bokashi bottom ash affected the growth of vetiver grass, except shoot root ratio. The dosage of 15 t ha-1 presented a good effect to the plant height, the number of leaves and tillers. The bokashi bottom ash with dosage of 20 t ha-1 wasthe best effect in absorbing lead applied to vetiver grass
STUDY OF ADDITIVE, SIZE FRACTION AND COAL CONCENTRATION FOR COAL WATER FUEL
No full textCoal Water Fuel (CWF) is one of energy diversifications. It enables the coal to substitute fuel oil by existing installations because CWF could flow similar to the flow of liquid. Selections of additive, coal size fraction, ratio coal and water of CWF were studied in laboratory scale. Arutmin coal, processed with Upgraded Brown Coal (UBC) technology, was grouped to -60 and -200 meshes and then are mixed with water and small quantities of additive. Size fraction, coal concentration and additive type were varied to investigate their effects on CWF behavior. Results from concentration and penetration tests show that the best additive for CWF with size fraction - 200 mesh is DBS (Doacely Benzene Sulfanat) with optimum coal concentration is 51% using size - 60 mesh indicate, that the most stable CWF was resulted from CWF using DBS with optimum coal concentration 55 %. Results of using different size fraction that show the decrease of concentration and penetration rate from CWF with size fraction - 200 mesh is relatively constant compared to the CWF with size fraction – 60 mesh
PREPARATION OF MESO POROUS SILICA FROM BENTONITE BY ULTRAFINE GRINDING AND SELECTIVE LEACHING
No full textPreparation of meso porous silica from bentonite had been conducted by ultrafine grinding and leaching. The bentonite was taken from Nanggung, Bogor, West Java; it contains montmorillonite with porous struc- ture. The ultrafine grinding was carried out using planetary ball mill (PBM) in wet condition (wet milling) in methanol. Optimum milling time was reached in 30 hours and it produced 77.4 nm of particle size. The process was continued with selective leaching in sulphuric acid solution to increase the amount of SiO2 from 54.13% to 86.21%, which decreased Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content gradually from 23.09% and 7.33% to 4.96% and 0.89% respectively. The leaching process produced porous silica material with pore size 6.5 nm (meso porous); 278 m2/g of surface area and 0.75 mL/g of pore volume
STUDY ON CONVERSION OF SUBSIDIZED KEROSENE AS FUEL TO COAL AT TOBACCO DRYING INDUSTRY IN NUSA TENGGARA BARAT (NTB) PROVINCE
No full textIn the last two years, a regulation on conversion of kerosene as subsidized fuel to alternative fuel for tobacco drying industry in NTB Province was issued. Coal as alternative fuel has a significant role in the conversion process. The process has been smoothly implemented due to advantageous condition like technical and economic aspects, supplier, port, and transporting structure and infrastructure. For 2007, 9,450 tons of coal has been consumed equal to conversion of 4,725 kilolitres (kl) of kerosene, making up the saved subsidy of IDR 16.112 billion. For 2011, coal consumption is predicted to reach 48,420 tons or convert 24,210 kl kerosene with the saved subsidy amount of IDR 82.556 billion. The amount can be doubled, if the conver- sion uses coal 100%. From the economic analysis, the efficiency of using coal as fuel is 28.4%, which equals to IDR 980 per kg. By using liquid petroleum gas (LPG), the cost for fuel will increase by 32.62% or equals to IDR 1,126 per kg
STUDY ON UPGRADED LOW RANK COALS PROPERTIES
No full textUpgraded brown coal (UBC) process has been discussed elsewhere. This process has been developed to produce an upgraded low rank coal with quality similar to a bituminous coal which is acceptable commer- cially and has low moisture content. Three Indonesian low rank coals, Berau, Tabang and Samaranggau coals were upgraded by upgraded brown coal (UBC) process to study the influence of the process on the properties of the upgraded low rank coals by conducting chemical and physical analyses such as proxi- mate, ultimate including calorific value and equilibrium moisture, functional group of C-H and C=O, coal petrography, specific surface area and briquettability. The result of proximate analysis indicated that the inherent moisture of the upgraded low rank coals de- creased significantly compared with that of the raw coals. Hence, the calorific value of the upgraded coals increased. The ash content of the upgraded coals was not change obviously due to that the UBC process was conducted at low temperature. However, the volatile matter content increased slightly due to the kero- sene or residue that left and pluged over coal pores to prevent the reabsorbtion of moisture. From ultimate analyses, carbon content of the upgraded coals increased, whereas the hydrogen and oxygen contents decreased. The UBC process hardly affected the sulfur and nitrogen contents. The result of equilibrium moisture measurement showed that the moisture content of all upgraded coals were less than 9%. The functional groups of C-H and C=O of the upgraded coals were slightly less than those of the raw coals. The aromaticity of the upgraded coals were increased. The petrography of both the raw and the upgraded coals indicated that the mean vitrinite reflectance was slightly higher in the upgraded coal compared to the raw coal. There was no significant quantity and textural differences of maceral in both coals. The specific surface area of the upgraded coals was lower than that of the raw coal due to the plugging of pore structure and shrinkage by residual oil addition. The upgraded low rank coals briquette according to drop shutter and compressive strength tests indicated good characteristics of briquette. Based on these results, UBC process only reduces the moisture content, so that the calorific value of the coal increases. Whereas the other parameters are not significantly change. UBC process does not increase the rank of the coal, therefore, it could only be applied to improve the calorific value of low rank coal which has low ash and sulfur contents