Jurnal Puslitbang tekMira (Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara)
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TIN-BASED ALLOY FOR FUEL CATALYST
No full textTin-based fuel catalyst, if dipped into a gasoline-containing tank will increase fuel efficiency. The catalyst has been used since 60 years ago. Its usage will save the fuel and increase the use of tin as expected by tin-producers. Though the mechanism of catalytic reaction has not been clearly understood, several research regarding catalyst performance have been conducted. Moreover some companies have already produced such a catalyst. The tin alloy catalyst was made by melting tin and other metals at specific compositions in a burner and casted into dif- ferent shapes. In term of evaluating the contact between the fuel and the catalyst as well as assessing the alloy catalytic mechanism, the samples were dipped in gasoline and stirred for 3 days. The gasoline with and without catalyst were analyzed using infrared and showed that the spectra appeared at 875, 835, 538, 343 and 229 cm-1 after 3-day dipped. The peaks resulted for catalytic interaction between Sn and gasoline. Fuel efficiency was measured through static and dynamic tests. The former was conducted using a genset and lawn mower by running the diesel-containing engines in empty load condition. The result showed that efficiency of catalyst-containing diesel consumption was still low, ranged between 0.6 - 5%. Other static tests were performed at LEMIGAS using Toyota and Isuzu car engines. Using gasoline and diesel respectively. Effect of catalyst on the car with gasoline improves engine capacity to 8.79%, and increases fuel consumption to 1.03%. The catalyst applied the car with diesel enhances the capacity to 11.38 % and increases fuel consumption to 9.39%. Dynamic tests conducted to motor bikes and cars show the efficiency of fuel consumption around 5-17.5%. It means that tin-alloys based catalyst for efficiency of fuel use is prospective. Such a catalyst is easy to be made and utilized
PREDIKSI ZONA JENUH AIRTANAH PADA BATUAN DI AREAL PILOT PLANT UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION, MUSI BANYUASIN, SUMATERA SELATAN
No full textTujuan penyelidikan geofisika ini adalah memprediksi kejenuhan airtanah pada batuan di areal rencana penelitian pilot plant Underground Coal Gasification berdasarkan metode tahanan jenis. Kejenuhan tersebut diinterpretasikan berdasarkan distribusi tahanan jenis (r) batuan di bawah permukaan tanah. Data kejenuhan airtanah pada batuan sangat diperlukan dalam operasional gasifikasi batubara bawah tanah, terutama yang berkaitan dengan proses pembakaran lapisan batubara dan gasifikasinya. Dari hasil pemrosesan data dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa hampir seluruh batuan di bawah permukaan di area rencana penelitian memperlihatkan kondisi jenuh dengan airtanah sampai kedalaman 300 meter, yang ditandai dengan nilai r<100 Ωm. Kondisi ini merupakan hal yang memerlukan perhatian serius,terutama pada proses pembakaran dan gasifikasi yang lapisan batubaranya terletak di kedalaman 250-300 meter dari permukaan. Nilai r>100 Ωm hanya dijumpai pada lintasan tertentu dan pada kedalaman relatif dangkal. Oleh karena itu, sangat disarankan melakukan uji pompa untuk mengetahui potensi akuifer secara kuantitatif. Penyelidikan ini memberikan peringatan dini kemungkinan adanya zona jenuh airtanah yang akan berpengaruh pada proses gasifikasi
MAKING OF IRON NUGGET FROM CONCENTRATED IRON SAND USING MINI-SIZED ROTARY KILN
No full textThe availability of energy becomes a major problem in the construction of iron mineral-based smelter to produce ferrous metals in the form of pig iron. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the Krupp-Renn technology that based on coal as a reducing agent to produce pig iron in the form of nuggets. Such a technology employs a rotary kiln that consumes less energy than other furnaces. In this study, reduction process of iron sand concentrates with coal as the reductant was accomplished in a mini-sized rotary kiln (0.6 m diameter and 6 m length). The process of iron nugget making from iron sand concentrate was conducted in two (2) stages, namely oxidation and reduction processes. The former was accomplished at a temperature above 800°C for 2 (two) hours to produce hematite phase. While the later was carried out at 1250-1300°C for 6-8 hours. Both processes produced iron nuggets that contained more than 90% Fe. The highest Fe content reached 96.49% Fe. Such a nugget could meet the requirement for steel making
EXTRACTION OF LEAD FROM GALENA CONCENTRATES USING FLUOSILICIC ACID AND PEROXIDE
No full textA study on lead extraction from lead concentrate had been conducted. Galena is usually associated with other sulfide ores such as sphalerite.The lead concentrate was able to be extracted and purified into its metal through a leaching process using a selective solvent of fluosilicic acid (H2SiF6). Parameters used in this process include ratio (dose) of reactant (H2SiF6:H2O2), temperature (without heating; 30; 50; 70; 80; and 90°C) and particle size (-100+150#, -150+200#, -200+325, dan -325#).The best extraction was achieved using the particle size of -325 mesh. The amount of extracted lead was increased due to the rise of temperatureand dose of fluosilicic. The amount of peroxide addition was determined by its optimum influence on the lead extraction because its excess would produce PbSO4. The influence of H2SiF6 and H2O2doses was calculated using ANOVA
RISK ASSESSMENT OF OPEN PIT SLOPE DESIGN AT PT ADARO INDONESIA
No full textRisk assessment of open pit slope stability is an important aspect to be considered in a decision making of slope design. The risk of slope failure that occurred on the slopes of the mine affect two factors namely the failure probability (FP), and consequences (C) of slope failure. FP is obtained from the collection of the value of Safety Factor (SF) < 1 compared to the total value of SF, while the consequences is estimated from the sectional area multiplied by the width of slope failure. Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone was collected from PT Adaro Indonesia, and tested by “Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)” fitting method to obtain an assumed theoretical distribution that be sued with the character of the original distribution data. “Monte Carlo (MC)” and “Latin Hy- percube (LH)” sampling method is used as a tool to generate sample data, and both methods were compared. Finally Validation is conducted in order to propose an acceptable criteria of FP for single slope of sandstone
