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Altered Platelets Morphological Parameters in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sudan
Full text linkBackground: Obesity and diabetes are growing global health problems that significantly affect patient quality of life and associated with an increased risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that platelet hyperactivity is a contributing factor to the cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the platelet morphological parameters and platelets count in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult patients.Method: A total of 190 subjects, 90 types 2 diabetes mellitus patients without known cardiovascular diseases [60 obese with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and 30 non-obese] and 100 age and the sex-matched non-diabetic control group included from adults undergoing routine investigation for other problems in the same center. Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA. Platelet counts and Platelet morphological parameters [MPV, PDW] were performed using the Sysmex KN-21N.Results: The mean platelet counts in the diabetic group were higher than in the non-diabetic group, but the difference was not statistically significant (275.7±70 vs. 261.9±59 × 10 9 /L; P 0.05). The mean MPV was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic group as compared with the non-diabetic group to (9.7 ± 0.4 fl vs. 7.4 ± 0.1 fl; P =000). The mean PDW was significantly higher in Type 2 diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group (11.7± 0.4 fl vs 9.3± 0.1 fl P = 0.000). Among the Type 2 diabetic patients, MPV and PDW were significantly higher in Type 2 diabetic obese group as compared with a non-obese group (9.8± 0.5fl vs. 8.4± 0.2 fl; P= 0.000) and (11.8±0.4 vs. 10.4±0.3fl; P= 0.000) respectively.Conclusion: Sudanese type 2 diabetic obese individuals manifest evidence of high platelet reactivity which may further subsequently increase their risk of cardiovascular complications
Preliminary Study on Small Ruminant GIT Helminthiasis in Select Arid and Semi-arid Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Areas of Afar Region, Ethiopia
Full text linkA cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identification of GIT parasites of sheep and goats in two selected districts of Afar from December 2014 to February 2016. Totally 590 faecal samples were collected from small ruminants (332 goat and 258 sheep) managed in pastoral and agro-pastoral production. Out of the total examined small ruminant 87.8% (518) were found to harbor one or more genera of helminth parasites. The result of the study revealed that 92.2% (306) of the goats and 82.2% (212) of the sheep were found positive for GIT parasites. Helminth parasites identified in small ruminant of the study area were Strongyles, Fasciola, Strongyloides, Paramphistomum, Trichuris, Ascaris and Monezia. The risk of infection with GIT helminth parasites in goats were 4.009 times higher than sheep (OR=4.009, p=0.011). Age and sex related difference was not observed in the prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep and goats. Significantly (OR=0.119, p=0.000) higher prevalence of overall helminth parasites in poor body condition sheep and goats than good body condition was observed. Likewise significant variation in overall parasite prevalence was observed between the study districts (OR=0.169, p=0.000). In this study, species of the animals, origin, and body condition score are important risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in the study area. In the study area nutrition is generally poor, low productivity in small ruminants is likely to be aggravated by a high prevalence of polyparasitism
Why No One Knew that Hillary Clinton Would Lose the 2016 Election
Full text linkWhy No One Knew that Hillary Clinton Would Lose the 2016 Election By Donald Lee Buresh, Ph.D. and Theresa Pavone, Ph.D. ABSTRACTThe paper argues that a blind reliance on the use and results of predictive models lead to the major pollsters never knowing that Hillary Rodham Clinton losing the 2016 Presidental election. The reason was that history is not necessarily a good predictor of the future and that predictive models employed by the pollsters assumed the existence of a steady-state which was not present at the time. The paper introduces predictive models by providing a short history, followed by explaining how predictive models work. The paper then lists the fundamental assumptions of predictive models, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages. The paper then analyzes in some detail why various predictive models incorrectly predicted that Hillary Clinton would win the 2016 presidential election, when in fact Donald Trump was elected President of the United States. The thesis is that when a predictive model experiences an exogenous shock or a superseding intervening cause, the dependence on data before the shock occurred is unwarranted. In fact, it is argued that all data before the exogenous shock or superseding intervening cause should be ignored, and only the data that appears after the shock should be used in making predictions. The paper concludes that the predictive models used by the pollsters during the 2016 Presidential election were incapable of recognizing an exogenous shock or a superseding intervening cause and that human intervention was needed to correct for the limitations of predictive models that were employed
Correlation of p53 Expression with Different Histological Grades in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients from Northern India
Full text linkIn the present study, out of the total 100 patients studied, 75 patients (75%) were males and majority of patients were in 50-75 age group and complained of dysphagia. It was found that the most common site of incidence of oral cancer in tobacco and betel quid chewers was buccal mucosa. The aim of this study is to further examine the relationship between p53 expression with different histological grades in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) patients from north India. It was found that there was no p53 expression in normal tissues while in oral SCC patients with tobacco and betel quid chewing habit, the percentage of positive cases as well as p53 positivity showed an increase with increasing grade of SCC. The expression of p53 was significantly associated with histological grade in oral cancer in tobacco and betel quid chewers. In case of p53 expression, statistically significant difference in p53 positivity was observed only on comparing well differentiated SCC with poorly differentiated SCC. The expression of p53 was not similar in different sites of oral cavity but was more frequently seen in gingivia, floor of mouth, tongue, and buccal mucosa
Properties and Applications of Nanodiamond Nanocomposite
Full text linkNanodiamond is a unique zero-dimensional nanocarbon structure havinghigh surface areas, mechanical features, optical properties, electronic properties, chemical properties, and tunable surface characteristics. Several techniques involving high pressure and temperature have been used for the synthesis of micro- and nano-crystalline diamond particles. Surface doping and introduction of functional groups may help to alter the optical, electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties of nanodiamond structures. Owing to non-toxicity and biocompatibility, nanodiamond-based nanocomposite are suitable for biomedical applications such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Other technological applications of nanodiamond nanocomposite are for mechanical and thermal solicitations, and electrical and electrochemical applications
A Study to Detect Sentinel Lymph Node by Methylene Blue Dye and Histopathological Confirmation of Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patient
Full text linkBackground: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) first metastasizes via lymphatic route and the first draining lymph node is Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN). SLN is identified by combine use of nuclear imaging and dye method, as nuclear imaging facility is expensive, not easily available and radioactive materials have more potential complications so dye alone can be an alternative.Aims: To assess the feasibility of using methylene blue dye (MBD) for detection of SLN in OSCC patient and using frozen section analysis to analyze metastatic status of SLN.Method: 20 patients with the histopathological diagnosis of OSCC, irrespective of stage underwent SLN identification by using a peritumoral injection of MBD. Surgery of neck was done first with reflection of subplatysmal flap to identify blue-stained node as SLN in the neck region and sent for frozen section analysis. Surgery was completed with primary resection and neck dissection. Histopathological analysis of SLN was done later.Results: SLN was identified in level Ib and II in 18 cases (identification rate=90%). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of SLN biopsy with frozen section analysis were 94%, 92.3%, 100%, 100%, 83.3% respectively.Conclusion: Methylene blue dye alone can be successfully used to detect sentinel lymph node in OSCC patient. SLN biopsy with frozen section analysis is sensitive enough to detect the metastatic status of regional lymph node
Investigation of Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical properties of Cement-by-Pass Dust Filled Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites
Full text linkThe present work is carried out for the investigation of mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of cement-by-pass (CBPD) dust as a filler material in the short fiber reinforced polyester resin composites in various engineering applications. It is observed that with the addition of CBPD drastic changes has been observed in mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the present composites. The hardness, tensile Modulus, flexural modulus and impact strength of the composites increases with increase in the CBPD as a filler contents. On the other side with addition of filler contents there is decrease in tensile and flexural strength. At the end, there is improved in the visco-elastice and damping property of present composites with the addition of cement-by pass dust filler contents
Osimertinib-induced Cardiac Dysfunction in EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer: A Case Series of Five Patients
Full text linkIntroduction: The gold standard treatment for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)patients is represented byosimertinib, an irreversible third-generation EGFR inhibitor that has been providingimportant outcomes’ improvementscompared to chemotherapy and other target therapies; either upfront or as second line therapy, in case of EGFR T790M detection after previous tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI).Osimertinib is generally well tolerated. Most common side effects are diarrhea, rash, paronychia, dry skin and alsochanges in QT interval.Presentation of case series: Here we report five cases of left ventricular dysfunction duringosimertinib treatment, observed between January 2017 and August 2018. The five patients, with a general low cardiovascular risk profile, required a dose modification/discontinuation of the TKI therapy and a specific cardio-protective treatment, normally with a recovery of the systolic function.Conclusion: Both American and European compound labels highlight warnings of cardiomyopathy and changes in cardiac contractility during osimertinib treatment, recommending cardiac monitoring and dose adjustment in patients with cardiac risk factors. In spite of this, a standardized echocardiographic follow-up in the entire population is still not available and recommendations about the use of tissue Doppler echocardiography with more sophisticated indices are missing. With the expanding use of osimertinib we need better strategies to prevent or mitigate cardiovascular damage from cancer therapy in a larger multidisciplinary approach in which every issue is carefully evaluated
Myasthenia gravis associated with nivolumab therapy in a patient with melanoma
Full text linkIntroduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit robust antitumor activity in melanoma treatment but can induce highly toxic immunogenic effects. This case details an uncommonly severe adverse reaction to immune therapy and demonstrates the importance of identifying toxicities early to avoid adverse treatment outcomes.Presentation of Case: We present a patient who received anti-PD1 immunotherapy, nivolumab, as a second-line treatment for stage IV resected melanoma. The patient experienced several immune-related adverse effects and was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Despite receiving steroid, immunoglobin, and plasmapheresis treatment, the patient passed away.Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of closely monitoring and quickly addressing symptoms of nivolumab toxicity. Rapid institution of immunosuppressive therapy is not always successful
Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from Cinnamomum zeylanicum and its Antibacterial Activity
Full text linkNanoparticles of copper have superior properties as compared to the bulk copper material. Cinnamomum zeylanicum has been used to synthesise copper nanoparticles in the present study as it is nontoxic and cheap. The prepared copper nanoparticles were characterized by UV– V spectrophotometer showing a typical resonance at about 631 nm which is specific for CuNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that oxygen-containing functional groups in the C zeylanicum are involved in the nanoparticle synthesis reaction. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was also used to confirm that CuNPs are spherical shape. The antimicrobial activity was carried out against E-coli, Enterobacteria, Stephylococcus aureus, Bascillus to confirm that these particles may act as antimicrobial agents