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Nanocomposite in Sensor Application
Full text linkPolymeric nanocomposites have extended wide interest in applied sensor technology. Nanocomposite-based sensors have been developed to offer unique potential for varied purposes. Various polymers have been employed in this regard. Sensing polymeric nanocomposites have been used in wide variety of sensors such as gas sensor, biosensor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, etc. The article summarizes polymeric nanocomposite-based sensors, types, current status, and advantages in advance technical fields
Nanomaterials in Environmental Protection
Full text linkDevelopments in nanotechnology have led to the formation and use of carbon nanomaterials. These advance materials have wide range of engineering applications owing to chemical features, electronic properties, mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and physical characteristics. Carbon nanomaterials have also been employed in broad technological perspectives such as renewable energy sources, waste water treatment, air pollution monitoring, and biotechnology. This review focuses great potential of carbon nanomaterials in various environmental fields. Contribution of carbon nanomaterials in terms of large scale application, low cost, and potential hazards have been discussed
The Impact of the Corrosiveness of Crude Oils on the Metallic Corrosion
Full text linkCorrosion is a natural phenomenon which is linked with the ferrous metals and the supporting environment as well. Especially it is possible to find in the industry of crude oil refining because of the vast applications of the ferrous metals and the corrosiveness of the crude oils. According to the scope of the current research there were expected to investigate the impact of two different types of crude oils on the corrosion attributes of seven different types of ferrous metals. In the methodology of this research the chemical compositions of selected metals, dominant corrosive properties of both crude oils, corrosion rates of similar sized prepared metal coupons after certain immersion time periods in crude oils, qualitatively analysis of the corroded metals surfaces, decay of metallic elements from metals into crude oils and the reductions of the initial hardness of metal coupons after the corrosion were tested by the standard methodologies and instruments also determined some necessary parameters. The obtained results showed the relatively lower corrosion in stainless steels when comparing with other metals, relatively higher impact from the salts on the metallic corrosion than the impact of the organic acids or possible to occur some effects from unknown compound, formations of FeS, Fe2O3, corrosion cracks and cavities, significant decay of ferrous and copper from some metals in to crude oils and the slight reductions of the initial hardness of metal coupons due to the corrosion
Toxicity to immune checkpoint inhibitors presenting as pulmonary arterial vasculopathy and rapidly progressing right ventricular dysfunction
Full text linkIntroduction: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are antitumor drugs associated with a number of serious immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). ICIs enhance anti-tumor immunity, thereby energized patient's immune system to fight cancer. IRAEs may affect functions of various organs, including heart, and may lead to morbidity and, to some extent mortality. Left ventricle (LV) myocarditis with dysfunction is a known side effect of this class of drugs. However, right ventricle (RV) myocarditis and pulmonary vasculitis are an unknown entity and has not been previously reported. Here, we present the first case of IRAEs causing selective RV involvement with dysfunctions, attributed to immune checkpoint inhibitors described till date in medical literature.Presentation of Case: A 58-year male presented with history of low-grade fever and weight loss. On palpation, he had diffuse cervical lymphadenopathy. Histopathology evaluation of lymph node revealed metastatic lesions of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC).Conclusion: Fatal cardiovascular adverse events can occur as a side effect of ICI. The combination of RV myocarditis with progressive pulmonary hypertension is fatal. Treatment with high dose corticosteroids and immunomodulators may help in patient survival. Physicians treating patients with ICIs should be aware of their lethal cardiotoxic side effects to reduce adverse cardiac outcomes. Because the number of patients exposed to this new immune therapy is expected to increase remarkably in the near future, our study encourages further work to define guidelines for cardiovascular monitoring and management
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Rare Subtype
No full textThe vast majority of prostate cancers are acinar adenocarcinomas. Histological variants of prostate cancer are rare. An unusual case of adenosquamous carcinoma (ASCC) in a 61 year old gentleman is described. The incidence is less than 1% of all prostatic carcinomas and usually occurs after previous radiation or hormonal therapy. This case is exceptionally rare as it occurred de novo with no previous radiation or hormonal therapy. Prostatic adenocarcinoma with squamous was diagnosed after a trans-perineal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate was performed due to an abnormal prostate felt on digital rectal examination. Staging investigations revealed no distant metastatic disease. A robotic assisted radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. The patient went on to have salvage radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. He was doing well 6 months post operatively with no radiological evidence of recurrence on PSMA PET scan
Advances of FDA Approved Drugs that Target PD-1 and PD-L1 for Cancer Immunotherapy
Full text linkCancer is a lethal disease and is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Though there have been enormous leaps in the field of cancer treatment and prolonged patient survival rate, new therapies are still in high demand. Cancer immunotherapy is an emerging field in cancer treatment especially for patients with late stage cancers that had few options previously. Cancer immunotherapy is composed of CAR-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and cancer vaccines. ICIs are monoclonal antibodies, which are used to block certain immune checkpoint from binding with tumor cells, preventing the shutdown of the T-cell. As of now, there have been 6 ICIs approved for many different cancer indications that target the proteins, PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 that have significantly increased patient response rates in recent years. In this review, the concept, history, recent advances in ICIs, and existing commercial drugs and their response rates in different cancer indications were summarised; the advantages and disadvantages of ICI treatment in cancer were also discussed
Characterization of Green Syntesized Silver Nanoparticles Doped in Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers
Full text linkThis paper reports a cost effective and eco-friendly green technique used for the synthesis of silver metal nanoparticle from orange peel extracts. The synthesized nanoparticle was functionalized with polyacrylonitrile to form PAN/Ag nanofibers by electrospinning. The synthesized nanoparticle and its nanofibers were characterized by using spectroscopic and morphology techniques such as fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX to determine the elemental composition of the nanofibers and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optical studies for the silver nanoparticles were carried out at different concentrations, volumes, and incubation time. The nanofiber diameters were evaluated to be 11, 9, 8, 6 nm for PAN , 6 mg Ag + PAN, 8 mg Ag+ PAN, and 10 mg Ag + PAN nanofibers. SEM of silver nanoparticles showed uniformity in morphology of which is spherical shape, with diameter of 20 nm. Thermal stability of the nanofibers was also investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis
Dye Adsorption on Nanocomposite
Full text linkThis article focuses carbon nanotube as adsorbent material for toxic contaminants. Carbon nanotube is an emerging adsorbent materials for the removal of pollutants from wastewaters. Carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites have adsorption capability towards toxic contaminants including dyes. Adsorption of dyes on nanotube depends on various parameters such as dye concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, etc. Functionalization of nanotube has enhanced the dye adsorption efficiency owing to functional groups on the surface, relative to neat nanotubes. In addition, nanocomposites have been designed for enhanced dye removal efficiency of these materials. It is evident that carbon nanotube-based nanocomposite nanosorbents have fine potential for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. These are cost effective and environmental friendly materials. New functional carbon nanotube-based nanosorbents must be designed for efficient commercial dye removal applications
Influence of Carbon nanotube on Membrane Performance
Full text linkPursuit of appropriate membrane-based water treatment technology has been heightened. Polymeric membranes have been used to remove macro-, micro- and nano-pollutants from contaminated water. Recently, carbon nanotube-based nanocomposite membrane technologies have been adopted to eradicate fresh water crisis. Nanocarbon-based membranes have strong affinity towards water molecules and rejects salts and pollutants.The current glitches and future challenges in the use of nanocomposite membranes for water decontamination need to be understand. Advance antifouling membranes with self-cleaning properties must be focused for high performance industrial applications
Scrutinization of Nanoparticles as Potential Toxins
Full text linkThis article offers toxicology effects related to nanoparticles. The nanoparticles including nanocarbon have been used as technological tools, however may cause harmful effects on biosystems and environment. The toxic effects are dependent on several factors such as size, shape, surface area, morphology, and chemical nature. Owing to nanosize, these particles may enter living systems, tissues, microcells, and blood stream. They can interact with living systems, so causing damage in different ways. Consequently, these nanoparticles may harm the normal functioning of biological structures and systems. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the toxic effects, potential hazards, and possible remedies for future advancements in this field