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Oncoproteomics: Opportunities, Challenges & Advanced Technologies
Full text linkOncoproteomics is nothing but the analysis of proteins and their interactions in a cancer cell through proteomic technologies. Oncoproteomics is playing a progressively significant part in diagnosis and the management of cancer. It also helps in the advancement of personalized therapy of cancer. Oncoproteomics holds great potential not only for opening the complicated molecular episodes of tumorigenesis but also for those that regulate clinically essential tumor habits, like metastasis, invasion, and resistance to treatment. Protein molecules show a significant impact on the evolution of cancer as it mainly develops due to abnormal signaling pathways. Detection and comprehension of these alterations is the major concept of oncoproteomics. Novel proteomic technologies related to cancer are defined in short, which are assisting not only in the comprehension of the mechanism of drug-resistant in cancer but also bestow some guides in management. For the diagnostic and prognostic categorization of the disease condition, and in measuring the drug efficiency and toxicity acclimatization of proteomic technologies in clinical laboratories is the fundamental objective of oncoproteomics. A considerable influence on the management of cancer patients and on a spectacular revolution in cancer research might notice by data obtained through such novel technologies. For the cancer therapy, the identification of novel targets, as well as an understanding of tumor development, might permit by the research of tumor-specific proteomic profiles. A wide perspective on drug-resistant and anticancer drug discovery, proteomic biomarkers and its function in the diagnosis of cancer, current innovation in proteomic technologies have tried to give in this review
Antibiotic characteristics of clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains in the military hospital Vietnam
Full text linkStenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is its best known species because it is a globally emerging, multidrug-resistant (MDR), opportunistic pathogen. The aim of the study was to identify species in this collection, defined as genetically cohesive sequence clusters, and to determine the extent of their genetic, ecological and phenotypic differentiation. This framework was used to analyze 50 specimens for cultures were collected from patients in the military hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, between 2015 and 2017. Three of the 30 MDR S. maltophilia isolates identified by Vitek technology in hospital were confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The alignment sequences were analyzed in RAxML version 8.2.10 to estimate the best maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, with 1,000 bootstrap replicates, estimated GTRGAMMA model and the rapid bootstrapping algorithm. Over 70% of S. maltophilia isolates were resistant to β-lactams (such as carbapenem, penicilline, monobactam, amoxicillin, cephem, and β-lactam); Aminoglycosides (such as gentamycine and tobramycin); Miscellaneous (such as fosfomycin and chloramphenicol). In particularly, all of this strain isolates were resistant to β-lactams and Aminoglycosides high annual increasing/ frequency from 2015 to 2017 year. Three resistant strains with most antibiotics (S. maltophilia 17-87M, 17-95M and 17-90N) were randomly selected to test the association between genotype and phenotypic resistance. The results were shown a significantly different in antibiotic genes expression among three strains and a few difference in phenotypic resistance. These data in light of current models of bacterial speciation, which fit these data well, are stressing the implications of species delimitation in ecological, evolutionary and clinical research
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Punica Granatum Leaves Hydro-methanolic Extract against Selected Pathogens
Full text linkFor a long time, extracts of Punica granatumhave been used in alternative and complementary medicine. The object of the present study was to evaluate the activity of Punica granatumleaves hydro-methanolic extract against some Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans using agar diffusion assay.The leaves yielded 34.7% of raw semisolid extract after maceration in hydro-methanol (50:50 v/v) andevaporation.After lyophilization, the dry powder was reconstituted in Muller-Hinton broth to get a concentration of 128 mg/mL; from which further 5lower concentrations have been prepared (64, 32, 16, 8, and 4 mg/mL in Muller-Hinton Broth).The extract exhibitedconcentration-dependent activity against some Gram-positive bacteria, namely,Listeria monocytogenes (20.67 ± 0.82), Clostridium perfringens (17.33 ± 0.52), Staphyllococcus aureus (10.5 ± 0.55), Bacillus cereus (8.83 ± 0.41), and Enterococcus fecalis (6.33 ± 0.52);and against three Gram-negative bacteria, namely, Shigellaflexneri (13.33 ± 0.8), Vibrio parahaemolyticus(12.17 ± 0.42) and Proteus vulgaris (8.5 ± 0.55);as well as against Candida albicans (15.8 ± 0.98); (the values are in mm after 128 mg/mL extract). However, the extract was without any visible activity againstEscherichia coli, Salmonella typhimuriumand Klebsiellaaerogenes.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against susceptible organisms were1.06 mg/mL (Clostridium perfringens), 1.11 mg/mL (Vibrio parahaemolyticus), 2.08 mg/mL (Staphyllococcus aureus), 2.16 mg/mL (Bacillus cereus),2.76 mg/mL (Candida albicans), 3.07 mg/mL (Listeria monocytogenes), 3.80 (Shigella flexneri), 12.92 mg/mL (Proteus vulgaris) and 15.55 (Enterococcus faecalis).These data may indicate that Punica granatumleaves extract is active against some pathogenic bacterial strains and thus may be useful in treatment of disease conditionscaused by these bacteria at least as a complementary medicine
Primary EndobronchialOsteosarcomatoid Malignant Neoplasm Presenting with Pneumothorax
Full text linkIntroduction: Pulmonary sarcomas are a rare, diverse group of neoplasms. Management is largely guided by limited case series.Presentation of the case: We present a case of an elderly male who presented with acute respiratory failure due to pneumothorax, confirmed on bronchoscopy to have an obstructing mass in the left mainstem bronchus. Biopsy revealed the lesion to be consistent with a sarcomatoid malignant neoplasm with osteosarcomatoid features. A PET-CT showed no evidence of extrapulmonary disease.Conclusion: There are several subtypes of pulmonary sarcoma. Pulmonary osteosarcomas carry an especially poor prognosis
Residual Levels of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Cattle Hides Singed with Scrap Tyre and Firewood Fuel Sources: a Comparative Study in the Wa Municipality of Ghana
Full text linkThe present study compared the residual levels of heavy metals in cattle hides obtained from the Wa Municipal abattoir (in the Upper West Region of Ghana) singed using scrap tyres and firewood as fuel sources. Heavy metals of interest included As, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd. Residual levels of these metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AA 220. Scrap tyre singed hides in general recorded the highest concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd than firewood singed hides and unsinged hides. Scrap tyre singed hides recorded significant increments in metal levels in the range of 312.50 - 811.11 %, 221.95 - 599.56 %, 236.21 - 366.57 %, 1408.82 - 1600.00 % and 1275.00 - 2875.00 % respectively for As, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd. Firewood singed hides similarly recorded considerable increments in metal levels ranging from122.22 - 375.00 %, 202.44 - 280.63 %, 120.44 - 302.51 %, 1251.43 - 1361.73 % and 462.50 - 1837.50 % respectively for As, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd. As, Pb and Cd maximum and minimum levels recorded for scrap tyre singed hides, firewood singed hides and unsinged hides all exceeded respective maximum permissible limits of 0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg. Cu and Fe maximum levels were below the respective maximum permissible thresholds of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. The present study essentially brought to bear the unwholesome state of cattle hides being consumed within the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana
An Examination of the Suitability of Transactional, Transformational and Situational Leadership Theories in Evaluating the Role of Gender in Determining the Leadership Style: a Comparison and Contrast of Three Leadership Theories
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate suitability of transactional, transformational and situational leadership theories in evaluating the role of gender as a determinant leadership style and organizational performance. These three theories were compared and contrasted and the research findings synthesized to ascertain the theory most appropriate for explaining leadership style within the context of gender. While these theories were posited many decades ago, the study showed that they continue to provide an important framework for leaders in the 21st century. Transformational leadership theory was however deemed most appropriate across alternate scenarios
Toxicology of Biomedical Polymer-based Nanocomposite
Full text linkThis paper deals with various types of biomedical polymers and nanocomposites for the biomedical systems, devices, and diversity of applications. The toxic hazards may arise out of the applications of biomedical polymers and nanocomposites. The potential toxicity of monomers, additives, and fillers used in the manufacture of biomedical polymers and nanocomposites may lead to toxicological effects of these materials. The processing of these materials may be carefully controlled for sterilization and to prevent the toxic impact on human tissues and organs. New quality control measures and stringent toxicity evaluation methods must be developed for the safe use of these materials. Future efforts may focus the removal of systemic toxicity of biomedical polymers and nanocomposites
Environmental Factors on Medicinal Plants
Full text linkPlants are unrivaled in the natural world in both the number and complexity of secondary metabolites they produce, and the ubiquitous phenylpropanoids and the lineage-specific glucosinolates represent two such large and chemically diverse groups. Advances in genome-enabled biochemistry and metabolomic technologies have greatly increased the understanding of their metabolic networks in diverse plant species. There also has been some progress in elucidating the gene regulatory networks that are key to their synthesis, accumulation and function. Secondary metabolites have important defense and signaling roles, and they contribute to the overall quality of developing and ripening fruits. Especially, light conditions and temperature are demonstrated to have a prominent role on the composition of phenolic compounds. The present review focuses on the studies on mechanisms associated with the regulation of key secondary metabolites, mainly phenolic compounds, in various plants. are not only a useful array of natural products but also an important part of plant defense system against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. With remarkable biological activities, plant SMs are increasingly used as medicine ingredients and food additives for therapeutic, aromatic and culinary purposes. Various genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic and environmental factors can influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of SMs. According to the literature reports, for example, SMs accumulation is strongly dependent on a variety of environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility and salinity, and for most plants, a change in an individual factor may alter the content of SMs even if other factors remain constant. Here, we review with emphasis how each of single factors to affect the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites, and conduct a comparative analysis of relevant natural products in the stressed and unstressed plants. Expectantly, this documentary review will outline a general picture of environmental factors responsible for fluctuation in plant SMs, provide a practical way to obtain consistent quality and high quantity of bioactive compounds in vegetation, and present some suggestions for future research and development
Mitigation of Salt Stress by Foliar Application of Jasmonic Acid in Wheat
Full text link Two individual experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of salinity from germination to seedling stage and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity in wheat. The results of laboratory experiment showed that salt stress reduced germination percent and seedling fresh weight of wheat. The BARI Gom 25 exhibited better performance under saline environment upto 12 dSm-1. The field experimental results showed that plant height, leaf number, tiller number, fresh and dry weight per plant, spike length, grain number and weight per spike and yield of wheat were reduced with increased levels of salinity generally at 8 dS m-1. Exogenous application of MeJA significantly mitigated the adverse effects of salinity by improving morpho-physiological, yield contributing and yield characters of wheat. The interaction between different levels of salinity and MeJA improved the morpho-physiological, yield contributing characters and yield of wheat. The yield of wheat increased with 10 µM MeJA from 2.22 to 2.77 t ha-1, 1.63 to 2.01 t ha-1, 1.15 to 1.39 t ha-1 at 0 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, 8 dS m-1 salinity, respectively and suggested that MeJA mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress in wheat.