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Properties of Polyacrylamide and Functional Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Composite
Get PDFIn this study we have investigated the structural and electrical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced polyacrylamide (PAM)-based composites. Two types of nanotubes were prepared and used i.e. acid functionalized MWCNT-COOH and amine-functionalized MWCNT-A. The nanocomposite was prepared using the solution cast technique. The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing and electrical conductivity measurement. A comparative study has been made on the physical property of PAM/MWCNT-COOH and PAM/MWCNT-A nanocomposites. It was observed that the amine-functionalization of nanotube improved the filler dispersion into the polymer matrix. SEM photographs ascertain that the MWCNT-A nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in PAM matrix. The electrical conductivity of PAM/MWCNT-COOH was in the range of 0.03-0.5 Scm-1, while PAM/MWCNT-A had higher electrical conductivity of 0.4 to 1.2 Scm-1. The ultimate tensile strength of PAM/MWCNT-A nanocomposites was found to increase from 21-26 MPa, relative to PAM/MWCNT-COOH series (19-23 MPa)
Application of New Synthetic Fifth Generation Thickeners for Printing Cotton Fabric with Reactive Dyes
Get PDFIn this study, fifth generation thickener EM620R (polyacrylate emulsion) was developed for reactive printing due to traditional thickener sodium alginate and synthetic thickener caused less saturation of color and increased fabric stiffness. Printing was evaluated for the depth of the shade as well as other properties. The properties was obtained not only depending on the thickener and reactive dye but also depends on the concentration of NaHCO3, Urea in Printing paste, condition of fixation and storing time. After comparison with synthetic thickener and sodium alginate on the basis of K/S value in different situation, AATCC method fastness test; an extra ordinary result came out which was shown as like EM620R (polyacrylate emulsion) EM620 (polyacrylate emulsion) Sodium Alginate. Although EM620R (polyacrylate emulsion) development solved the problem and increased the properties which create unthinkable impact on the world market for cost effectiveness
Isolation and Characterization of Microorganisms from Oil Polluted Soil in Kwata, Awka South, Nigeria
Get PDFScreening of hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms from oil contaminated soil was studied and the samples were obtained from three Mechanical Workshops in Awka, Anambra State. The microorganisms were isolated using the pour plate method by selective enrichment technique. All samples were cultured in solid media with crude oil as a sole carbon and energy source to isolate hydrocarbon utilizers from the sample collected from different mechanic workshop. The isolate were identified on the basis of their colonial and morphological characteristics. Bacterial strains capable of degrading hydrocarbons belonging to the genera Bacillus spp, Micrococcus spp ,Corynebacterium spp and Pseudomonas spp; as well as five genera of fungi, Penicillin spp, Aspergillus spp, Rhizopus spp, Saccharomyces spp and Fusarium spp were isolated and identified. The colony forming unit per ml ranges from 0.22x 107 cfu/ml and 2.83 x 107 cfu/ml for the total heterogenous bacteria and 0.33x107 cfu/ml and 3 x 107 cfu/ml. The ability of the organism to survive is associated with the ability of the organism to use the crude oil as the sole carbon source. Some organism isolated from the total heterogenous bacteria and fungi were not able to grow in the media with the crude oil. These include bacteria genera Aeromonas and Staphylococcus and the fungi genera Cladosporium, Mucor, Geotrichium and Trichophyton. Some factors were seen that can affect the growth of these microorganisms, which include, temperature, nutrients and oxygen. The importance of these isolates for the bioremediation of oil polluted soil including the aerobic degradation of hydrocarbon and anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbon which is of great importance for control of hydrocarbon pollution in Nigeria was ascertained
Relationship between PI3K Mutation and Sodium-Iodide Symporter in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Get PDFThe sodium-iodide symporter is a transmembrane protein that has important role in radio-iodide therapy in various cancers such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare undifferentiated thyroid tumor, but highly aggressive and lethal malignancy. Usually it is resistant to radio-iodide therapy and a cause of this appearance knows through dysfunction of the sodium-iodide symporter. Some genomic mutations, like PI3K gene mutations, can affect on sodium-iodide symporter functions. This review article explains briefly about PI3K signaling pathway and survey its gene mutations in carcinomas especially in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and its influence on sodium-iodide symporter and iodide uptake
Providers’ Perspectives on Addressing Health Risk Behaviors and Mental Health among Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cance
Get PDFObjectives: We examined healthcare providers’ perspectives on how childhood cancer impacts young adult health behaviors and psychosocial functioning, how healthy lifestyle and psychosocial issues are addressed in this population, challenges related to addressing these issues, and potential resources for addressing them.Methods: In 2012, we recruited 21 healthcare providers (e.g., oncologists, nurses, social workers) who treat young adult survivors of childhood cancer from a children’s hospital and a cancer center in the Southeastern U.S. to complete telephone-based semi-structured interviews.Results: Our sample was an average of 45.95 (SD=7.57) years old, 52.4% female, and 81.0% MDs. Most mentioned that the impact of cancer on health risk behaviors and psychosocial functioning depended on several things including social support and other environmental factors. Participants indicated several general activities and approaches aimed at addressing healthy lifestyles among this population. Participants reported a range of health education, from minimal education to continuous education throughout treatment and survivorship. Providers indicated a team-oriented approach to addressing psychosocial issues and that the survivorship program addressed the complications of obtaining insurance, education and employment, and reproductive health within this population. A major factor was the involvement of the family in addressing these issues. Providers’ challenges in intervening included limited time, resources, financial support, and referral options. Participants suggested resources to address these challenges.Conclusions: Several resources are needed to address the challenges faced by practitioners in addressing young adult survivors’ issues, including physical resources, social support resources, education for patients and healthcare providers, and programs to provide financial support
Breast Cancer in a Young Female with Antipsychotic-induced Hyperprolactinemia: A Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: The relationship between prolactin (PRL) and breast cancer in humans has been a controversial issue for a long time. Although some animal and human in vitro studies illustrated an undeniable effect of PRL in inducing and promoting mammary cancer, epidemiological studies have been lees conclusive. There have been few reported cases of breast cancer in patients with hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinoma.Case Presentation: We present a case of bilateral, multifocal, metastatic, triple negative breast cancer in a 33-year-old female with long-standing, antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.Conclusion: [There is a growing body of evidence on the carcinogenic effect of prolactin on mammary tissue]. Studying tumor biology in patients with long standing hyperprolactinemia might prove useful in delineating the relationship between PRL and breast cancer in humans
Primary Mucinous Carcinoma of Cowper' gland: A Case Report of a Rare Variant
Get PDFIntroduction: Primary carcinomas of the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) are extremely rare.Presentation of case: Herein, a 57-year-old man was presented by perineal mass for seven years. Physical examination revealed a nontender stony hard perineal mass without signs of inflammation. A urethrogram showed compression of the anterior part of the bulbous urethra. MRI of the mass revealed large perineal multilocular and marginal enhancement. The patient was managed by excision of the mass with safety margin. Histopathological examination of the mass showed remnants of malignant acini floating in pools of mucin which formed about 80% of tumor tissue Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive reactions of the tumour cells with cytokeratin 20 but negative reactions for PSA, β-catenin and cytokeratin 7.Conclusion: We reported the first case of primary mucinous carcinoma arising in the Cowper’s glands and the 22nd in the literature of Cowper’s gland carcinoma
Effect of Sol-gel Coating on Microscopic, Thermal and Water Absorption Behavior of Aramid/Nylon 6/6/Nanodiamond-based Fibers
Get PDFIn this article, an aramid of 4,4′-(1,3-phenylenedioxy)dianiline and terephthaloyl chloride was prepared. Afterwards, Nylon 6/6 and aramid were used to prepare sol-gel coated and non-coated blend fibers reinforced with nanodiamond (ND). In this way, four types of fibers were fabricated i.e. aramid/Nylon 6/6 fibers (Ar/N66) and aramid/Nylon 6/6/nanodiamond fibers (Ar/N66//ND) and sol-gel coated s-Ar/N66 and s-Ar/N66//ND fibers. The fibers were fabricated via Brabender single screw extruder at 200 °C. The Ar/N66 and Ar/N66//ND fibers were coated by means of simple dip-coating technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for structural characterization. Scanning electron microscopic images of non-coated and sol-gel coated fibers were scanned for morphological comparison. Glass transition temperature of the sol gel s-Ar/N66 fibers increased up to 232 °C, while that of s-Ar/N66//ND was enhanced to 240 °C relative to neat fibers. Moreover, the sol-gel coated s-Ar/N66//ND (8.08%) fibers had higher water absorbing tendency than non-coated Ar/N66//ND (7.66 %)
Development, Characterization of Hydroxyl Terminated Dendritic Macromolecules as Prospective Drug Carriers
Get PDFThe principal aspiration is to develop triazine dendrimers as potential drug carriers for sustained release. Triazine based dendrimer was synthesized by divergent method evading protection/ deprotection or functional group interconversion. Synthesized dendrimers were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESI-Mass spectrometry. Synthesized full generation dendrimers G1, G2 and G3 were applied as solubility enhancers of hydrophobic drug ketoprofen. Ketoprofen was loaded by G3 dendrimer by inclusion complex method. Sustained release of ketoprofen from ketoprofen loaded dendrimer was studied and compared to of free ketoprofen. Cytotoxicity and hemolytic assay of dendrimer was studied to evaluate toxicity of dendrimer as drug vehicle
Novel Nanofiltration Membranes of Poly(4-Chlorostyrene)-grafted-1-(4-thiocarbamoylaminophenyl-sulfonylphenyl)thiourea and Gold/Polystyrene Composite Nanoparticle
Get PDFIn the current research poly(4-chlorostyrene) grafted with thiourea-based diamine (1-(4-thiocarbamoylaminophenylsulfonylphenyl) thiourea) (PCS-g-DA) was prepared. The nanofiltration membrane of PCS-g-DA was prepared using tetrahydrofuran as solvents via phase inversion method. For the reinforcement purpose gold nanoparticles and its composite nanoparticles with polystyrene microspheres (AuNPs-PSNPs) have been designed and studied using transmission electron microscopy. Cross-section and internal fractured PCS-g-DA/AuNPs-PSNPs membrane surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Nanoporous membrane morphology was observed at increased nanofiller loading. The membrane property study revealed higher pure water permeation flux, recovery and solute rejection for membranes with higher AuNPs-PSNPs content. The PCS-g-DA/AuNPs-PSNPs membrane with 1 wt. % loading showed flux of 17.4 mLcm−2 min−1 and salt rejection ratio of 72.2 %. In addition glass transition temperature, porosity, and water uptake of membranes were increased with filler loading. The tensile strength was increased from 29.5-37.6 MPa in PCS-g-DA/AuNPs-PSNPs 0.1-1 membranes. Efficiency of the gold/polystyrene nanoparticles reinforced membranes was found to be 99 % for the removal of Hg2+ and Pb2+. According to the results, the composite membranes have fine nanofiltration characteristics to be utilized in advance water treatment industrial units