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Novel ivermectin drug binding sites in the C-terminal domain of influenza A virus nuclear export protein
Get PDFThe nuclear export protein of Influenza A Virus is a multifunctional protein. The nuclear export protein of Influenza A Virus play imperative roles in the virus life cycle. The objective of the present study was to identify the ivermectin drug binding sites in the C-terminal domain of nuclear export protein of Influenza A Virus. The study was based on the experimental protein structure of C-terminal domain (residues 63-116) of nuclear export protein. On the whole, this study exposed four novel ivermectin binding sites in the functional regions of the C-terminal region of the protein. In conjunction with the conservational analysis of nuclear export protein which was previously determined, binding site 1 was found to be completely conserved, whereas the rest of the binding sites showed varied level of conservation. Therefore ivermectin targeting these drug binding sites is less likely to become ineffective due to drug resistance in the future. This makes IVM an effective and efficient anti-NEP drug
Amplification of Tumor Transcripts from Limited Quantity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue Samples
Get PDFTo examine the template-switching technology accompanied by in vitro transcription (the Switch Mechanism At the 5ʹ end of Reverse Transcript) to amplify enough amount of mRNA as input for gene expression experiments. We amplified limited quantity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) transcripts samples using generated ds cDNA as template and in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction. In addition, the quality and quantity of amplified mRNA were assessed by comparative real-time PCR of genes such as stem cell markers CD44, OCT4 and SNAIL as well as MAGE-A4 as a cancer-testis antigens, and XRCC5 as an underexpressed gene in ESCC.The results obtained from this study demonstrated that optimal amounts of mRNA are generated by template-switching and IVT reaction. Integrity and purity of all RNA samples were assessed. By using this approach, over 10 micrograms of amplified mRNA were generated from 100 ng of starting total RNA. The results of comparative real-time PCR of five genes with different levels of expression illustrated that the expression level of amplified sense RNA was almost similar when compared with non-amplified RNA. Our results clearly showed the usefulness of the T7-based IVT technique for amplification of limited quantity of input total RNA
The Role of the Bracken Fern in Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Get PDFBackground: The multifactorial origin of upper alimentary tract cancers encompasses environmental factors mainly associated with diet. Pteridium aquilinum—bracken fern—is the only higher plant known to cause cancer in animals. Its carcinogenic toxin, ptaquiloside, has been identified in milk of cows and groundwater. Humans can be directly exposed by consumption of the plant, contaminated water or milk, and spore inhalation.Methods: In order to determine the association between bracken and upper alimentary tract cancers a systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Current Contents Connect, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science.Results: Original data was abstracted from each study, the pooled odd ratio and confidence intervals were not calculated as there was no comparable data. However, each study showed a substantial increased risk associated with bracken fern.Conclusion: The current medical literature suggests a serious risk to human health from bracken, and increasing media coverage of the subject is likely to lead to greater education and prevention strategies. Further epidemiological studies are required
Leukemic Infiltration of the Esophagus, a Rare Etiology for a Common Disease
Get PDFIntroduction: The etiology of esophagitis in patients with acute leukemia is usually related to infections, reflux, or chemotherapy toxicity. Infiltration of esophagus by leukemic cells is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis.Presentation of Case: Here we present a case of 87-year-old male patient with a recent diagnosis of acute myelocytic leukemia who was found to have severe diffuse esophagitis secondary to leukemic infiltration.Conclusion: Leukemic infiltration of the esophagus is a rare potential etiology of severe esophagitis in patients with disseminated leukemia. Esophageal biopsy is needed to identify the exact cause of esophageal lesions in leukemia patient
Complete Pathologic Response Following Multimodality Therapy for a Recurrent, High-Grade Phyllodes Tumor
Get PDFIntroduction: Phyllodes tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the breast for which surgical resection is the primary therapy. Despite adequate surgical resection, local recurrence rates of up to 40% are observed in patients with high-grade tumors. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy for phyllodes tumor to improve local and systemic control is not well established. However, several small studies have shown improvements in local control rates with adjuvant radiation therapy. The management of aggressive local phyllodes tumor recurrences can be a clinical challenge and multimodality therapy should be considered in these cases for optimal results.Case presentation: We present the case of a high-grade phyllodes tumor that recurred in the radiation field after adjuvant radiation therapy. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia and chemotherapy followed by radical surgical resection. A completed pathologic response was observed.Conclusion: This multimodality approach may be a successful treatment algorithm for high-grade tumors that reoccur in a prior radiation field
Breast Metastasis from Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Primary: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Get PDFIntroduction: Metastasis to the breast from non-mammary malignancy is rare, with a reported incidence of less than 1%[2-4]. Aside from hematologic malignancies and contralateral breast cancer, the most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the breast are lung, ovarian, gastrointestinal cancers, and melanoma.Presentation of Case: We present an 82-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer arising from a primary papillary thyroid carcinoma. She presented with a palpable right breast mass 4 years after resection and treatment of a primary thyroid cancer.Conclusion: Ultrasound guided core biopsy and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent lymphoscintigraphy and subsequent resection of the breast mass along with two axillary lymph nodes
Effective Sidewall Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Dichlorocarbene Addition using New Soluble Multi-site Phase Transfer Catalysts
Get PDFThe novel soluble multi-site phase transfer catalysts (MPTCs), viz., 2,6-bis (triethylammoniummethylene chloride)-4-methoxytoluene (BTEACM) and 3,3’,5,5’-tetrakis (dimethylaminopyridinium chloride) biphenyl (TDMAPCB) containing two, and four active sites was synthesized, and characterized through Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, carbon nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The obtained MPTCs were used as a catalysts for sidewall functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in dichlorocarbene (CCl2) addition, and compared their functionalization yield with commercially available single site PTC and tri-site PTC viz., benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) and 2,4,6-tris (triethylammoniummethylene chloride) mesitylene (TTEAMCM). The functionalization of CCl2 on MWCNTs was established by the appearance of increased peak intensity of C-Cl(str) at 700 cm-1 and decreased peak intensity of C-C(str) at 1260 cm-1 in FTIR analysis. The increased ID/IG ratio from pristine MWCNTs (0.3) to MWCNT-CCl2 hybrid (1.58) obtained from Raman studies strongly proved the covalent functionalization of CCl2 on MWCNTs. Furthermore, the change of surface morphology, and increased diameter of MWCNT-CCl2 hybrids obtained from irrespective of MPTCs were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Hence, TDMAPCB showed higher reactivity for sidewall functionalization of MWCNTs in CCl2 addition
Polyaniline Composites with Nanodiamond, Carbon nanotube and Silver Nanoparticle: Preparation and Properties
Get PDFNanodiamond (ND), functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and silver nanoparticle were reinforced in polyaniline (PANI) matrix using simple emulsion polymerization method. In this way, different nanocomposites were obtained including polyaniline/nanodiamond/non-functional nanotube (PANI/ND/MWCNT), polyaniline/ nanodiamond/functional nanotube (PANI/ND/MWCNT-COOH), and polyaniline/nanodiamond/functional nanotube/silver nanoparticle (PANI/ND/MWCNT-COOH/Ag 1 2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopey (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the composite structure and presence of silver nanoparticle. Morphology study (scanning electron microscopy) of the PANI/ND/MWCNT-COOH/Ag exhibited uniform polymerization of aniline monomer over the surface of well-dispersed MWCNT-COOH/ND and silver nanoparticles. The recompenses of Ag nanoparticle comprise the improvement in electrical and thermal properties without deteriorating polyaniline structure. The electrical conductivity of PANI/ND/MWCNT-COOH/Ag 2 nanocomposite with greater Ag nanoparticle content was 39 % higher than the same weight percent nanocomposite without Ag. The PANI/ND/MWCNT-COOH/Ag 1 nanocomposite also showed continuous increase in electrical conductivity over a range of temperature. Thermal stability was also noticeably increased in PANI/ND/MWCNT-COOH/Ag 2 nanocomposite through the incorporation of the Ag nanoparticles
Bioactive Phytochemical Constituents of Some Edible Fruits of Myrtaceae Family
Get PDFMany species of Myrtaceae famity are cultivated throughout the tropics for their edible fruit, food products and also used as traditional medicines in various ailments such as inflammation, intestinal disorders, high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, antimicrobials, antiscorbutics, carminatives, diuretics, and astringents. Common phenolic compounds are cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, ellagic acid, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, quercitrin, and rutin in edible Myrtaceae fruits. The ethnomedical and phytochemical properties are study of these bioactive constituents of these fruits