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Status and Need of Research on Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Leguminous Plants in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFMost regions of Saudi Arabia are frequently subjected to high temperature and drought spells which destroy natural vegetation and lead to soil erosion and the advance of sand dunes. The use of legume plants may help to preserve these ecosystems and to slow down desertification processes. Legumes produce extensive, deep root systems with a capacity to develop mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses facilitating the plant’s nutrition via enhanced soil nutrients absorption and atmospheric nitrogen fixation, respectively. These associations play a vital role in preserving and even restoring the fertility of poor and eroded soils. Research on tripartite associations of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), rhizobia and legumes is rare in Saudi Arabia. Little is known about the diversity of these beneficial symbioses in Saudi ecosystems and their beneficial role for the sustainable management of range land. We attempted to explore the present status of research on rhizobia and AMF associated with various legumes in Saudi Arabia. The use of legume plants associated with microbial symbionts may be a useful asset in preserving fragile ecosystems and combating desertification. The identification of adapted and efficient legume-rhizobia-fungi tripartite associations in local ecosystems is of paramount importance for successful ecosystem restoration, rangeland and forest management and agricultural sustainability especially under unfavorable environmental conditions due to soil salinity, drought and heat stress
Effective Mechanical and Chemical Washing Process in Garment Industries
Get PDFGarment washing is a significant part of garment industries and it is mainly applied on denim garments and any other casual garments. In the primary stage garment does not inherit customer’s desired properties but after washing it become most widely used due to its new appearance, softness, comfort, strength and low cost, which create customer’s absolute satisfaction. Garment washing process is provided with a lucrative and glassy outlook by chemical or wet washing process and mechanical or dry washing process. The most widely used dry washing processes for garment are scraping, spraying, whiskering, damages, spots, rubbing and tacking contrariwise wet washing processes for garment to develop new a look and effect are normal wash or rinse wash, pigment wash, caustic wash, silicon wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, stone enzyme wash, bleach wash and acid wash. This study gives an indication different types washing process and the change of physical and chemical properties due to application of wet and dry washing processes as an imparting desired effect on garments
Rare Axillary Sebaceous Cyst Carcinoma: A Case Report with review of literature
Get PDFIntroduction: Sebaceous Cyst carcinoma (SCC) is a rare aggressive skin cancer derived from the epithelium of sebaceous glands. Sebaceous cyst carcinoma accounts to 1% of cutaneous malignancy. Sebaceous cyst carcinomas are generally divided into those occurring in ocular (75%) or extraocular locations. SCC is very rare in axilla and confused with secondaries from breast carcinoma or lymphoma.Presentation of the case: Here we are presenting a case of 38 year old male, who presented with painless, progressive swelling on left axilla from one year. He was evaluated with ultrasound breast and axilla and a fine needle ultrasound from the swelling. The FNA of ulcerated lesion in the left axilla showed positive malignant epithelial cells. The tumour cells display oval hyperchromatic to vesicular nuclei with moderate nuclear pleomorphism, conspicuous nucleoli in places and scant cytoplasm. The tumour cells are strongly immunoreactive for CK7, EMA, and CD10, weakly and focally reactive for CK20, and non-reactive for vimentin.Conclusion: In conclusion, Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy. The fumigating mass in the axilla may rarely be a sebaceous cyst carcinoma, may present with or without breast lump, prognosis is very poor therefore should be treated aggressively and adequately
Synthesis, Crystal Structures of S- and N- Benzyl Derivatives Of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione
Get PDFBenzylation reaction is carried out 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione with benzyl chloride in acetone and HMPA. In the acetone was obtained exclusively S-benzyl derivative and in the case of HMPA - isomeric mixture of S- and N-benzyl derivatives were obtained, individually isolated, characterized, and their structure was proved by spectral methods. By slow evaporation of solvents at room temperature were obtained two polymorphic crystals of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione from acetone 1 and ethanol 2. Crystals of 2-benzylthio-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole 3 and 3-benzyl-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione 4 obtained in similar conditions have structures without the inclusion of solvent molecules
Effect of Hybridization of Glass/kevlar Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Bast Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review
Get PDFNatural fibres are gaining more and more interest as reinforcing materials for polymer composite due to their environmental and economical benefits. Bast fibers is a prominent reinforcement for use in polymeric materials because of its low specific weight and cost, eco-friendly and abundantly available in nature. Several authors manifest the cellulosic fibers based polymeric composites as advantageously used in automobile industries and structural applications, but certain problems have been associated during usage of such fiber such as high water/mosture-uptake and low strength than inorganic fibers. These problems have been reduced to a major extent with enhancements in mechanical properties by the researchers through hybridization of these natural fiber based composites with synthetic fiber (glass/Kevlar). In the present article, we reviewed the effect of hybridization of glass/Kevlar synthetic fibers on mechanical properties of bast fiber (jute, hemp, kenaf, flax) reinforced polymer composites
Performance of Polyaniline Doped Carbon Nanotube Composite
Get PDF Polyaniline (PANI) doped carbon nanotube (CNT) has been utilized to form conductive thermoplastic composites. The polyaniline/carbon nanotube (PANI/CNT) nanocomposites have been formulated using different methods such as electrochemical deposition, in-situ chemical polymerization, and number of other approaches. The structure and properties of these nanocomposites have been explored using range of structural and morphological techniques. In this article, mainly developments in PANI/CNT nanocomposites have been reviewed. The performance assessment of PANI/CNT nanocomposites has revealed various technical uses in electrode, electronic devices, batteries, and corrosion protection
Level and Magnitudes of Shade Deviation and Subsequent Environmental Challenges of Turquoise Colorants
Get PDF Reactive dyes for turquoise hue have definite properties of larger structure results shade deviation between batches in knit fabric dyeing. Dyeing technique of turquoise color as well as comprehensive analysis on deviations on shade and physico-chemical properties concerning batches of dyed knitted fabric with respective utility consumption has been investigated in this research. To obtain the level and magnitudes of deviation, three batches of cotton knitted fabric dyed with turquoise color having same recipe as well as same condition were examined. Ailment of shade on different stage of knit dyeing with turquoise color also reported. Process chemicals, parameters, process flow and visual analysis on light box as well as spectrophotometer analysis of all three samples was supplemented. In addition, physical and chemical test of sample dyed fabric such as color fastness to wash, color fastness to rubbing was tested under the ISO 3, ISO 105 E04, and ISO- 105-AO3 method respectively. Besides color strength as well as utility and time consumption of each batch have an inclusive investigation. After widespread analysis of the samples a considerable shade deviation has been testified which lead to reprocessing. As a result, production rate becomes lower, fabrics damage, production cost, chemicals and water consumption become higher, which upshots ruthless impact on environment through higher pollutants generation
Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Gloriosa Superba Poisoning in Sri Lanka
Get PDFIntroduction: Gloriosa superba is a common plant poisoning in Sri Lanka which has fatal outcomes. Except few case reports, there are no systematic studies regarding its poisoning in the country. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological and clinical manifestations following Gloriosa superba poisoning and its long term effects.Methods: A descriptive observational study involving a series of 33 patients with Gloriosa superba poisoning was conducted for one year duration commencing from July 2015.Results: Twenty-nine (87.87%) cases were deliberate self-poisonings and 4 (12.12%) were accidental poisonings. Females were 21 (63.63%) and males were 12 (36.36%). Their age ranged from 13 years to 72. Thirty (90.9%) ingested Gloriosa tubers. Five patients (15.15%) died due to Gloriosa poisoning. Thirty one patients (93.93%) developed acute gastrointestinal symptoms; 7 (21.21%) had cardiotoxic effects; 3 (9%) developed respiratory failure; 5 (15.15%) had neurological and bleeding manifestations; 2 (6%) had acute kidney injury. Hypokalaemia was observed in 16 (48.48%), leucopenia in 5 (15.15%) and anaemia in 4 (12.12%) patients. Alopecia was observed in 4 (12.12%) patients as the long term effect.Conclusion: There is a multi-organ system involvement in Gloriosa superba poisoning such as gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, liver and haemopoietic system
Improvement of mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced jute/ polyester epoxy composite through meticulous alkali treatment
No full textThis work aims to improve the mechanical properties of jute fabric reinforced composites. Jute fabric were treated with 5% alkali (NaOH) solution for different time durations (3 hrs. 5 hrs. 7 hrs.) at room temperature. Treated jute fabrics were used as reinforcing material to produce jute/unsaturated polyester resin epoxy composites. Recycled (R-UPR) and virgin (V-UPR) polyester resin were used at different combinations (100%V-UPR, 100%R-UPR, 50%V-UPR and 50% R-UPR) as epoxy. The effect of alkali treatment and mixing proportion of recycled and virgin polyester resin on tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were studied and characterized as referred as in corresponding ASTM standards. Results indicates an improvement on tensile strength and flexural strength in alkali treated composites compared to untreated composites may due to better adhesion of polyester resin with alkali treated fiber matrix present in jute fabric. Higher tensile and flexural strength on the composite produced by using recycled polyester resin compared to the composite produced by using virgin polyester resin also been perceived in the consequences
Role of Thermosetting Polymer in Structural Composite
Get PDFThermosetting resins are network forming polymers with highly crosslinked structure. In this review article, thermoset of epoxy, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic, melamine, and polyurethane resin have been conversed. Thermosets usually have outstanding tensile strength, impact strength, and glass transition temperature (Tg). Epoxy is the most widely explored class of thermosetting resins. Owing to high stiffness and strength, chemical resistance, good dielectric behavior, corrosion resistance, low shrinkage during curing, and good thermal features, epoxy form the most important class of thermosetting resins for several engineering applications. Here, essential features of imperative thermosetting resins have been discussed such as mechanical, thermal, and non-flammability. At the end, employment of thermosetting resins in technical applications like sporting goods, adhesives, printed circuit board, and aerospace have been included