E-Journal Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
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DINAMIKA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MEMBINA BUDAYA ORGANISASI DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the principal's efforts in fostering organizational culture at MTs Darunnajah Jakarta, particularly in creating an educational climate that supports character development, discipline, and quality of learning. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the principal, teachers, administrative staff, and students, participant observation of madrasah activities, and documentation analysis. The data obtained were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that organizational culture at MTs Darunnajah Jakarta is characterized by the existence of behavioral rules, norms, and dominant values that emphasize respect, politeness, discipline, and kinship. The principal plays a central role in fostering this culture through structural strategies, such as religious programs and routine activities, as well as non-structural strategies such as role models, moral development, and democratic communication. Supporting factors for fostering organizational culture include parental involvement, teacher loyalty, and the existence of character-building programs, while inhibiting factors include limited resources and the inactivity of some teachers and students. These findings emphasize the importance of visionary, transformational, and participatory leadership in building a productive and competitive organizational culture in madrasas
STUDI EMPHIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION (EOF) VARIABILITAS KELEMBABAN RELATIF DI LAPISAN BAWAH SELAMA FENOMENA ENSO DI INDONESIA
No full textVariabilitas kelembaban relatif memainkan peran krusial dalam dinamika atmosfer, khususnya di wilayah tropis seperti Indonesia yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh fenomena global seperti El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola dominan variabilitas kelembaban relatif di lapisan bawah atmosfer selama periode ENSO di Indonesia menggunakan metode Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) dan Power Spectral Density (PSD). Data kelembaban relatif 925 mb dari ERA5 dengan resolusi 0,25° x 0,25° digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk periode Januari 1990 hingga Oktober 2024. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mode kedua (PC2) memiliki hubungan negatif dengan indeks NINO 3.4, menandakan pengaruh kuat ENSO terhadap variabilitas kelembaban relatif. Mode pertama (PC1) dan ketiga (PC3) menunjukkan pola yang lebih kompleks, dengan kontribusi yang lebih besar dari faktor lokal dan regional. Analisis PSD memperlihatkan bahwa PC2 mengalami osilasi signifikan dalam rentang waktu 15-70 bulan, yang sesuai dengan siklus ENSO. Selama El Niño, kelembaban relatif di Indonesia cenderung menurun, terutama di wilayah barat dan tengah, sedangkan selama La Niña kelembaban meningkat secara signifikan di wilayah yang sama.
Potensi Bioremediasi Bakteri Indigenous dari Tempat Pembuangan Akhir dalam Mereduksi Metilmerkuri (HgCl₂)
No full textHeavy metal contamination, particularly mercury and its derivatives, represents a serious environmental issue with profound impacts on ecosystems and human health. Methylmercury (HgCl₂) is known to be highly toxic, persistent, and capable of bioaccumulating within the food chain. Bioremediation using indigenous bacteria offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative approach. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity and adaptability of soil bacteria in response to mercury (HgCl₂) exposure at different concentrations. Soil samples were incubated with and without HgCl₂, and the number of bacterial strains as well as their growth tolerance were analyzed. The results showed that at day 0, 14 strains were identified in soil without HgCl₂ and 15 strains in soil with HgCl₂. After seven days of incubation, the number of strains slightly increased to 14 and 16 in soil without and with HgCl₂, respectively. Several new strains were detected on day 7, while some were no longer observed in either the control or treated samples. Tolerance assays revealed that certain isolates, such as K7, P1, and P10, were able to grow at mercury concentrations up to 30 ppm, whereas others could only survive at lower concentrations. These variations in growth patterns suggest different adaptive mechanisms, including the potential role of mercury reductase enzymes in detoxification. The findings highlight the ability of soil bacterial communities to survive and adapt to mercury contamination, underscoring their potential role in the bioremediation of heavy metal-polluted environments
Legal Protection for Group III State House Buyers in Flawed Ownership Transfer Agreements
Get PDFThis research addresses the urgent issue of legal uncertainty faced by buyers of Class III state-owned houses who enter into ownership transfer agreements that are procedurally flawed. Despite fulfilling their financial obligations, many buyers encounter administrative and legal challenges due to unclear regulations and improper transfer procedures. Using a normative legal research approach, this study applies statutory and conceptual methods to evaluate the legal status of such agreements and the extent of state responsibility in protecting buyers’ rights. The findings indicate systemic weaknesses, including the absence of authentic deeds, lack of oversight by authorized officials, and inconsistencies in house classification and approval processes. These issues severely undermine the legal position of buyers and expose them to risks of dispute and asset loss. The study highlights the need for comprehensive legal reform to ensure both preventive protection—through clearer regulatory guidelines—and repressive protection—through access to judicial remedies. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on Class III state housing, a topic rarely examined in-depth in Indonesian legal scholarship. To strengthen legal certainty and uphold citizens’ constitutional right to adequate housing, the study recommends revising existing regulations, institutionalizing oversight mechanisms, and improving public legal awareness
Reconceptualizing Fiduciary Guarantee Execution After Indonesia’s Constitutional Court Ruling
Get PDFThe Constitutional Court Decisions No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 and No. 71/PUU-XIX/2021 have reshaped the legal framework of fiduciary guarantee execution in Indonesia by mandating court involvement and debtor consent in cases of default. This study examines the legal reasoning behind these decisions and their implications for the executorial nature of fiduciary certificates. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the research finds that these rulings redefine fiduciary certificates from self-executing instruments to legal documents requiring judicial validation. While this shift enhances procedural justice and debtor protection, it also undermines the efficiency of extrajudicial enforcement, which has been a core feature of fiduciary law. The transformation introduces legal uncertainty for creditors relying on the swift enforcement previously granted by fiduciary titles. The findings suggest the need for a normative reconstruction of the fiduciary execution mechanism to harmonize constitutional values, procedural fairness, and the principle of legal certainty
FISCAL POLICY TRANSFORMATION THROUGH BUDGET EFFICIENCY: A PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThis study aims to understand the meaning and role of budget efficiency in promoting the development of governance, especially in the context of public financial governance reform. The background of this study rests on the need for transparency and accountability in local financial management in the era of autonomy, given the complexity of the relationship between central and local governments and the challenges in the effective use of the Regional Budget (APBD). The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature approach and theoretical analysis of the concept of budget efficiency, as well as reflection on budget efficiency policies implemented by President Prabowo's administration in 2025. The results show that budget efficiency is not simply an austerity measure, but rather a systemic strategy to restructure the bureaucracy, reduce waste, and shift state spending to productive sectors through a performance-based approach. The novelty of this research lies in presenting an analysis of budget efficiency within the framework of contemporary constitutional law and public administration, and linking it to the dynamics of institutional reform, digitized procurement systems, and strengthening performance-based fiscal autonomy. This study recommends that budget efficiency should be implemented as part of a smart governance strategy that emphasizes fairness, transparency, and public participation in the national development process.Keywords: Budget Efficiency, Governance, APBD, Bureaucratic Reform, Good Governanc
MATEMATIKA DALAM PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN TEKNOLOGI
Get PDFMatematika adalah studi yang mempelajari tentang besaran, struktur, ruang, relasi, perubahan dengan beraneka topik, pola, bentuk dan entitas. Matematika digunakan dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan didunia, sebagai alat penting dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan seperti ilmu pengetahuan alam, rekayasa, medis, sosial, ekonomi dan psikologi. Cabang ilmu matematika seperti algoritma dapat menciptakan efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam pemograman komputer dan ukuran file. Penggunaan logika, aritmatika, sistem bilangan real berguna untuk kecerdasan buatan, sistem digital, basis data, teori komputasi, pembuatan jaringan saraf tiruan dan lain sebagainya. Sehingga tidak diragukan lagi matematika mempunyai peran besar dalam mengembangkan teknologi yang ada saat ini
Korelasi Fenomena Gempa Bumi Dengan Perbuatan Manusia Dalam QS. Asy-Syura/42:30
Get PDFAbstrakDalam kajian teologis, Islam memberikan pemahaman bahwa bencana alam merupakan musibah yang sering kali dikaitkan dengan dosa yang diakibatkan oleh perbuatan manusia. Penelitian ini membahas tentang korelasi fenomena gempa bumi dengan perbuatan manusia dalam QS. asy-syura/42: 30, dengan tujuan agar mengetahui bagaimana ajaran Islam memandang musibah sebagai konsekuensi dari perbuatan manusia yang melanggar etika lingkungan, serta menghubungkan fenomena gempa bumi dengan perbuatan destruktif manusia terhadap alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan mengumpulkan data melalui artikel, penafsiran Alquran oleh para ulama, serta karya intelektual para ilmuwan atau cendekiawan yang telah diuji dan dianggap relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bencana alam, termasuk gempa bumi merupakan salah satu akibat dari perbuatan manusia yang merusak keseimbangan alam sesuai dengan ajaran Islam. Perbuatan manusia berupa eksploitasi sumber daya alam, serta praktik destruktif lainnya seperti fracking, pertambangan dan peledakan besar-besaran dapat mempengaruhi kestabilan tanah dan struktur geologis gunung yang pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gempa bumi. Kata Kunci: Gempa bumi, Bencana Alam, Alquran
Kajian Komparatif Tentang Pencatatan Nikah Dalam Madzhab Syafi'i Dan Hanafi
Get PDFThis study explores the similarities and differences in the perspectives of two major Islamic legal schools Syafi’i and Hanafi on marriage registration. While classical Islamic jurisprudence does not consider formal registration as a prerequisite for a valid marriage, modern legal systems view registration as essential for ensuring legal protection. The aim of this research is to analyze how both schools interpret the concept of marriage registration and relate their views to contemporary legal frameworks in Muslim-majority countries such as Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative, normative-comparative method using literature analysis from classical fiqh texts and modern academic sources. The findings reveal that the Syafi’i school maintains that marriage is valid without formal registration as long as the religious pillars are met. In contrast, the Hanafi school demonstrates greater flexibility, considering administrative registration as legally necessary when public interest (maslahah) is involved. The discussion highlights the importance of contextualizing classical jurisprudence within modern realities, advocating for a reinterpretation of Islamic law through the lens of maqashid al-shariah. This approach supports state-mandated registration as a means to protect women's and children's rights and ensure legal certainty. Therefore, marriage registration should not merely be seen as an administrative act but as a critical component of social and legal protection in contemporary Muslim societies.Keywords: marriage registration, Syafi’i school, Hanafi school, Islamic law, maqashid al-shariah.Abstrak:Penelitian ini membahas perbedaan dan persamaan pandangan dua madzhab utama dalam fiqh Islam, yaitu Syafi’i dan Hanafi, terhadap pencatatan nikah. Dalam konteks hukum Islam klasik, pencatatan nikah bukan merupakan syarat sah, namun dalam praktik hukum modern, pencatatan menjadi instrumen penting untuk menjamin kepastian hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah pendapat fiqhiyah kedua madzhab mengenai urgensi pencatatan nikah serta mengaitkannya dengan konteks hukum positif kontemporer, khususnya di negara-negara Muslim seperti Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-komparatif, melalui kajian pustaka terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Madzhab Syafi’i tidak menjadikan pencatatan sebagai bagian dari keabsahan nikah secara syar’i, sementara Madzhab Hanafi lebih terbuka terhadap pencatatan sebagai bagian dari kemaslahatan hukum. Dalam pembahasan, disimpulkan bahwa pencatatan nikah dapat diberlakukan sebagai kewajiban legal oleh negara demi perlindungan terhadap hak-hak perempuan dan anak. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam memahami relevansi fiqh klasik dalam konteks modern serta urgensi reinterpretasi hukum Islam melalui pendekatan maqashid al-shariah. Dengan demikian, pencatatan nikah tidak hanya berfungsi administratif, tetapi juga sebagai bagian integral dari perlindungan sosial dan hukum dalam masyarakat Muslim.Kata Kunci: pencatatan nikah, madzhab Syafi’i, madzhab Hanafi, hukum Islam, maqashid al-sharia
KESENJANGAN HUKUM DALAM PENANGGULANGAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS TERHADAP ANCAMAN SIBER DAN RADIKALISASI ONLINE)
Get PDFAbstract: Terrorism is an extraordinary crime that not only threatens national security but also disrupts social, political, and economic stability. In recent decades, terrorism has significantly transformed through digital platforms, including online radicalization and cyber terrorism. Indonesia, with its large number of internet users, has become a strategic target for extremist groups. Although Law No. 5 of 2018 on the Eradication of Terrorism and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) provide a legal basis, significant legal and technical gaps remain in addressing the transnational, anonymous, and untraceable nature of digital terrorism. This study examines how effective Indonesia’s legal framework is in combating cyber terrorism and to what extent law enforcement institutions can respond to these challenges. The objectives are to identify substantive and procedural legal gaps, assess institutional technical capacity, and provide policy recommendations to strengthen legal responses. The research adopts a normative juridical method with a statute approach and qualitative analysis of legal documents, legislation, and policy papers. The findings reveal that despite the expanded definition of terrorism in the 2018 Law, it does not explicitly include online radicalization, digital propaganda, or cyber-based funding. Furthermore, limited digital forensic capacity, weak interagency coordination, and the absence of specific regulations on digital surveillance hinder effective enforcement. In conclusion, countering digital terrorism in Indonesia requires adaptive legal reforms, strengthened technical capabilities, and more comprehensive interagency and international cooperation.Keywords: Cyber Terrorism, Online Radicalization, Legal Gaps, Law Enforcement, IndonesiaAbstrak: Terorisme merupakan kejahatan luar biasa yang tidak hanya mengancam keamanan nasional, tetapi juga merusak tatanan sosial, politik, dan ekonomi. Dalam dekade terakhir, ancaman terorisme mengalami transformasi signifikan melalui ruang digital, meliputi radikalisasi online dan terorisme siber. Indonesia, dengan jumlah pengguna internet yang sangat besar, menjadi target strategis kelompok ekstremis. Namun, meskipun telah lahir UU No. 5 Tahun 2018 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme serta UU ITE, terdapat kesenjangan hukum dan teknis dalam menghadapi ancaman digital yang bersifat transnasional, anonim, dan sulit dilacak. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana efektivitas kerangka hukum nasional dalam menanggulangi terorisme siber dan sejauh mana kapasitas institusi penegak hukum mampu merespons tantangan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi celah hukum substantif maupun prosedural, menilai kapasitas teknis institusional, serta memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk memperkuat respons hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan statute approach serta analisis kualitatif berbasis studi literatur, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan dokumen kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun UU Terorisme 2018 telah memperluas definisi terorisme, ketentuan ini belum mengakomodasi secara eksplisit aktivitas radikalisasi online, propaganda digital, dan pendanaan siber. Di sisi lain, keterbatasan digital forensics, lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, serta ketiadaan regulasi spesifik mengenai penyadapan digital menambah hambatan. Kesimpulannya, penanggulangan terorisme digital di Indonesia membutuhkan reformasi hukum yang adaptif, penguatan kapasitas teknis, serta mekanisme koordinasi lintas lembaga dan internasional yang lebih komprehensif.Kata kunci: Terorisme Siber, Radikalisasi Online, Kesenjangan Hukum, Penegakan Hukum, Indonesi