International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
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Isolation, characterization and identification of bioactive compounds from Herbal Medicines and Medicinal Plant Extracts by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A brief review
Get PDFHerbal medicines are mostly used from thousands of years in primary health care of society and community of both developed and developing countries. It mainly includes whole plant, herbs, extracts, isolated compounds, polyherbal preparations, phytoformulations etc. Identification of bioactive compounds from phytomedicines plays a very important role in drug development and drug design process. The characterization of phytomedicines is very much essential in the identification of compounds. For the purpose of identification two methods, Spectroscopy and Chromatography play important role. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is the widely used technique which is mainly used to identify functional groups in herbal medicines. Various scientific research articles published on extraction, isolation, characterization and identification of phytoconstituents from medicinal plants and other forms of herbal medicines is being reviewed in this article. We have mainly focused on the FTIR characterization and identification of phytochemicals from herbal medicines and are briefly presented in this review work. Our present review article concludes that the FTIR spectroscopy plays very much essential role in the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from herbal medicines
A Confirmatory Study of Relationships in Ayurveda: Deha Prakritis, Agnis, Koshtas, and their Association to Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Ayurvedic theory proposes a person’s mind-body type (Deha Prakriti) is related to the condition of their digestive system (Agni) and to the responsiveness of their alimentary canal (Koshta). However, these relationships have never been statistically verified. Evidence also suggests the condition of a person’s digestive system and gut responsiveness are related to cardiovascular risk factors, but the relationships between them, too, have also not been statistically tested. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients underwent pulse diagnosis for general health assessment, including measurements of weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, and diet. Results: Results suggest each Deha Prakriti was related to its respective Agni and Kostha. For example, a Vata-dominant Deha Prakriti was correlated to Vishamagni and to Krura Koshta. Results also indicate Deha Prakriti, Agni, and Koshta were generally associated to weight, BMI, and diet, but not to hypertension, a finding also advanced by Ayurvedic theory. Discussion: These data suggest for the first time that Ayurvedic assessment of mind-body type and gastrointestinal conditions are related to each other and somewhat to cardiovascular risk factors, and provide confirmatory insights into fundamental Ayurvedic principles, a topic yet to be empirically examined despite its importance for health.
Experimental study of Karaviradya taila for its Loma Shatana action
Get PDFIntroduction: Beauty enhances the self-confidence of an individual. Un-wanted hair which are present on the body causes cosmetic problems, especially in women. Objectives: is to carryout experimental study of karaviradya taila on wistar albino rats and evaluation of histopathological changes. Materials and Methods: Experimental study was carried out on Wistar albino rats and prepared karaviradya taila was applied on the dorsum of individual rats of test drug group. Observations and Results: The observation showed there is reduction in the growth of hair on albino rats, histopathology section of experimental study showed loss of hair shaft in majority of the hair follicle, decrease in hair follicle noted in test drug group when compared to control group. Discussion and Conclusion: Reduction in the density of hair seen it may be due to the drug karavira having the properties like laghu ruksha and tikshna guna, ushna veerya, pitta vardhaka. Danti also possess ushna veerya and pitta vardhaka property. Drugs having pitta vardhaka property, when used may affect the loma kupa to cause lomashatana
A Study of Effect of Shirobhyanga (applying oil on hair and scalp) with Kaidarya siddha Narikela taila (Coconut oil medicated with Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel) in the Management of Khalitya (hair fall): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFBackground: In India about 40% of male and 25% female suffer from hair fall. Oil which is used for Shirobhyanga is medicated with specific herb, beneficial for hair, then it becomes more effective. Aim: To assess the effect of Shirobhyanga with Kaidarya (Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel) siddha Narikela taila in the management of Khalitya. Material and Methods: Clinical study was carried out on 100 patients, 50 patients in each trial group and control group who had symptoms of Khalitya and of age group between 15 to 45 years were taken in this study. Trial group was treated with Kaidarya Siddha Narikel taila Shirobhyanga and Control group was treated with Narikel Taila Shirobhyanga for 40 days. Result was analyzed on the basis of parameters of Khalitya like Hair texture, Hair fall, Dandruff and Itching of scalp. Result: Data of before treatment and after treatment of both the groups were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed-rank test. Significant difference was observed between mean of before treatment and after treatment score. Comparison of the data of trial group and control group was done by Mann Whitney Test, significant difference was observed between the mean of difference of Group A and Group B in Hair fall, dandruff, itching of scalp and hair texture. Mean difference score of Group B (Trial) is more than that of Group A (Control). Conclusion: Shirobhyanga done with Kaidarya siddha Narikela taila is more effective than Shirobhyanga done with Narikela taila in the management of Khalitya (Hair fall)
Simultaneous quantification of Curcumin, Piperine and Capsaicin by HPTLC in Rasam, a polyherbal soup
Get PDFTraditionally rasam is consumed for the treatment of cold and cough. The major chemical constituents present in the spices required to prepare the rasam are known but, the chemical composition of the prepared rasam are unknown. The preparation involves, boiling the spices in water and oil, this may create an opportunity for an altered chemical profile of the prepared rasam. As a part of our chemical investigation in rasam, curcumin, piperine and capsaicin were chosen as marker compounds based on their literature for exhibiting potent activity against upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI & LRTI). The current work was planned to identify and quantify curcumin, piperine and capsaicin simultaneously by HPTLC in rasam. Silica gel 60F254 TLC plates were used for the study. The optimized mobile phase used was toluene and ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v) and the densiometric scanning was done at 254 nm. The Rf values of curcumin, piperine and capsaicin were found to be 0.26, 0.40 and 0.47 respectively. The calibration graph of peak area versus concentration graph of curcumin, piperine and capsaicin was found to be linear in the range of 2 to 7 μg spot-1. The amount of curcumin, piperine and capsaicin in 100 mL of rasam was found to be 0.49, 0.66 and 0.41% w/v respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guideline parameters. The current study shows that the developed TLC method is simple, precise, specific, robust and accurate. This method will also be useful to identify or quantity any polyherbal formulation containing curcumin, piperine and capsaicin as chemical constituents
Pharmacognostic and In-vitro Antioxidant Antimicrobial potentials of Jayanti Veda (Tridax procumbens L.)
Get PDFAyurveda is one of the oldest holistic traditional systems of medicine. Tridax procumbens known as “Jayanti Veda” which is weed found throughout India. It shows number of pharmacological activities like Hepatoprotective, Anti-inflammatory, Wound healing, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic. The present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of Tridax procumbens in order to find possible sources for future novel pharmaceutical formulations. The plant material was subjected for extraction and the extract was further fractionated. Hydroalcoholic extract and fractions were analyzed for different phytocomponents. Fraction 2 was analyzed for phenolic content, Fraction 3 was analyzed for its antimicrobial activity. Fraction 4 was analyzed for its flavonoid content, and antioxidant potentials. The crude extract showed the presence of various phytocompounds whereas F1 contains lipids & waxes. F2 contains phenolics, terpenes & sterols. F3 contains alkaloids. F4 contains flavonoids. The total flavonoid contents of F4 was compared with crude extract (51.19±0.412 and 45±0.073 respectively), antioxidant activity of F4 was compared with crude extract (IC50 - 22.7795±0.8208 and 23.247±0.7344 respectively), total phenolic contents of F2 was compared with crude extract (82.24±0.871 and 47.43±0.37 respectively) and antimicrobial activity of F3 [IZD- 1.0cm- (S. aureus), 0.9cm (E.coli) and crude-0.6cm- (S, aureus), 0.5cm (E.coli)] Results were found significantly higher for all the fractions as compared to crude extract. The present results revealed that the Tridax procumbens acts as a powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
Clinical Study on Dosha-Based Combinations in Essential Hypertension
Get PDFHypertension (HT) is one of the most vital modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Data from HT trials indicate that most subjects need combination therapy to achieve sufficient BP control and in only 50% of trials, this goal was achieved. Addressing the contributory factors is the need of the hour rather than controlling blood pressure (BP) level only. Here the Ayurvedic drugs are having a definite scope in the management. HT may be considered as tridoshaja vyadhi with Vatha dominance with affection of the rasa and raktha dhatus. Ayurgenomics is having a crucial role in explaining how drugs can be used more effectively by targeting them on individuals of particular Prakriti.. The unique method of administering the drug based on the prakriti and dosha in any clinical condition so as to enhance the effect is termed personalized medicine and based on the judgment that the doshahara drugs when added to vyadhihara drug enhances its efficacy potential. Sarpagandha was added with brihat panchamoola, trina panchamoola and triphala in Vatha, Pitta and Kapha groups respectively. Methodology: In the multicentric study, 50 subjects each of Vatha, Pitta and Kapha prakrithi, satisfying the diagnostic criteria were administered with the drug, 6 gm twice daily after food, as per the dosha status for 45 days with BP assessments on 0th day, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day. Repeated Measures ANOVA was done for analysis. Result: The mean score reduced throughout the assessments and was significant at 0.01% level indicating the influence on prakriti in the outcome
A critical study of the Ayurveda Medical manuscript ‘Chikitsasara’
Get PDFAyurveda being a practical science is codified through centuries in written documents called Manuscripts. A manuscript is any document written by hand or typewritten as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some automated way. A very few of these manuscripts have been published during the past decades. As such, several treatment methods contained in these texts are being lost by decaying. As part of a humble step towards this, Chikitsasara authored by Gopaladasa, a paper manuscript in the Sanskrit language documented in Devanagari script preserved at Unmesha Research Institute of Indology, Mysore was taken. The objectives of the study are critical edition of the manuscript and its English translation which is not available. It is a unique book belonging to the kayachikitsa parampara. The time period of the text by considering the internal and external evidence, influence of the text on other medieval texts can be placed as the late seventeenth century.The text was translated to Telugu and Marathi languages in 1877 and 1881 respectively, which are not widely available today. Chikitsasara is a treatise arranged in three sections. Some rare diseases like sparsavata, seethavata, takraprameha, and ghrtaprameha have found a place in this text. Prognosis of disease based on astrology is a unique feature of this text. After the critical edition, a maximum number of accepted readings was obtained from the manuscript from Oriental research institute & manuscript library, Kariavattom. The content of the text is also very much similar to the seventeenth century work Yogaratnakara
A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Alkaloids: Evidence from Preclinical Studies
Get PDFPlant alkaloids are a broad range of chemical entities that make up one of the biggest classes of natural goods. Even though man has used alkaloids-containing plants for at least 3000 years as medicines, teas, and potions, the chemicals implicated for their action were not determined till the 19th century. Alkaloids\u27 essential nature causes them to form salts when mixed with alkaline solutions or organic acids. Except in extraordinary circumstances, alkaloids salts are generally soluble in water and dilute alcohols, but not in organic solvents. They are classified using a variety of markers, such as natural origins or chemical composition. The distribution of alkaloids according to their primary structure, the major C-N skeleton, is the most correct and frequent categorization. Alkaloids, which are compounds isolated from natural sources, exhibit promising pharmacological activity, including pharmacological activity for the curing of neurogenerative illnesses like vascular dementia, which currently treated with a variety of medications. As a result, the article focuses on the technological prospecting of alkaloids with important properties for curing the illness, such as antioxidant, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiemetic, antifungal, antihyperlipedemic, antihypoglycemic, muscle relaxant, antiulcer, antitussive, expectorant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, immunosuppressant, antidepressant
Revealing Anti-diabetic potential of Siddha formulation Gandhaka Sarkkarai using alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder which involves multiple pathology manifested with increased blood glucose, neural degeneration, chronic inflammation, organ dysfunction etc. Hyperactive metabolic enzymes like alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase that are involved in digestion of starch and sucrose further upswings the postprandial hyperglycaemia by rushing excess glucose moieties into the bloodstream. Drugs that effectively inhibit the action of these digestive enzymes may be expected to better regulate the post prandial blood glucose in the diabetic patients. Conventional anti-diabetic agents offer potential side effects upon long-term usage which includes vomiting, diarrhoea, pigmentation, GI disturbance, dark urination etc.The Siddha system of medicine has excelled in the art of treating human ailments for several centuries. Aim: Present investigation designed to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of siddha formulation Gandhaka sarkkarai (GS) using in-vitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay model. Results: It was evidenced from the outcome of the in-vitro data’s that the siddha formulation GS shown significant inhibition against alpha glucosidase enzyme with the maximum inhibition of about 50.44 % and the corresponding IC50 is 471.1 μg/ml, similar pattern of activity were observed against alpha amylase enzyme with the inhibition of 60.84 % (IC50 400.9 μg/ml). Conclusion: Our data concludes that siddha formulation GS possess significant anti-diabetic activity via inhibiting two major carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, further studies needs to extrapolated at pre-clinical level in order to ascertain the efficacy of the formulation.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Alpha amylase, Alpha glucosidase, Siddha, Gandhaka sarkkarai, Enzyme inhibition assay, In-vitro, Anti-diabetic activity