International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
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Validity and reliability of adapted Bengali version of self-assessment questionnaire to assess Prakriti
Get PDFBackground: The constitutional type of a human being, the Prakriti, depends on the relativity of three Doshas – Kapha, Pitta, and Vata. Assessment of Prakriti requires expertise in inspection, palpation, and interview. There are self-administered questionnaires in English that can assess the Prakriti.
Aim: We aimed to adapt an English questionnaire - “self-assessment questionnaire to assess Prakriti” in Bangla and test its validity and reliability in the assessment of Prakriti.
Methods: We adapted the questionnaire in Bangla by forward and backward translation. We conducted a pre-test and interview with 36 research participants. An Ayurveda physician assessed the Prakriti by the traditional method. The validity was tested by comparing the expert-assessed and questionnaire-assed Prakriti. The internal consistency was tested by Chronbach’s alpha and reliability by Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results: A total of 36 (men 21, women 15) research participants of mean age 36.01± 3.44 participated in the pre-test, interview, and retest. Adapted Bangla “self-assessment questionnaire to assess Prakriti” is found to be valid for the assessment of Prakriti. It is reliable in terms of internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha 0.64, 0.76, and 0.81 for Kapha, Pitta, and Vata, respectively) and repeatability (test-retest ICC 0.88, 0.91, and 0.79 for Kapha, Pitta, and Vata, respectively).
Conclusion: A Bangla questionnaire for self-assessment of Prakriti has been adapted. The questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable. This questionnaire may be used for the assessment of Prakriti of Bangla-speaking people in any mass survey, research, or healthcare settings of Ayurveda for a quick assessment of Prakriti
A Randomized clinical trial of efficacy of Murvadhya churna in Kaphaja kasa with special reference to chronic Bornchitis
Get PDFAbstract
Kaphaj kasa is one of the condition in which the vitiated cough causes obstruction to the marga of pranavata producing Ghana (thick sputum), Snigdha (slimy), Bahala (profuse sputum) and Sandra kapham (viscid sputum).
Chronic bronchitis is characterized by cough associated with sputum on most days for at least 3 consecutive months for more than 2 successive years. Coughing is stimulated by irritation or inflammation of the respiratory tract which is caused most frequently by infection or sinus drainage secondary to rhinitis. Oral administration of the medicines is one among the important Shamana line of treatment which is easily administered, well accepted and also effective shodhana in adults. Many more herbal combinations are described in Ayurveda and their therapeutic effect on kasa is not yet explored. Hence it is need of us to bring out permanent remedy which will be safe, cheap and effective. Aim: To study the efficacy of Murvadhya Churna in the management of Kaphaj kasa with special reference to chronic bronchitis. Material and methods: A total 90 patients of the age group 16-60 years presenting with signs and symptoms of Kaphaj kasa w.s.r. to Chronic Bronchitis were selected randomly from OPD of the department of Kayachikitsa. The 45 patients of trial group were treated with Murvadhya Churna and 45 patients of control group were subjected to Haritakyadi Gutika. Results:
Keywords: kaphaj kasa, Chronic Bronchitis, Murvadhya Churna, Haritakyadi Gutika
Pharmacopoeial Standards for Venpucani Ilakam - A classical Siddha medicine
Get PDFBelief on the therapeutic values of herbal medicine is in increasing trend and the consumption of traditional medicine is also in upward trend. The quality control and assurance of these traditional medicines is a prime criterion for any herbal drug manufacturer. Venpucani ilakam (VPI) is a classical poly herbal Siddha medicine under the category Ilakam (Legiyam in Ayurveda). This poly herbal medicine is a combination of 18 ingredients of plants and animal origins. An attempt was made to prepare the drug with authenticated ingredients and subjected to physicochemical analysis, thin layer chromatographic photo documentation and high performance thin layer chromatographic finger printing. The TLC photo documentation of defatted chloroform extract showed nine spots under UV 254, ten spots under UV 366 nm and eleven spots after derivatization with vanillin sulphuric acid; defatted success ethanol extract showed five spots under short wavelength, six spots under long wavelength and seven spots after derivatization. HPTLC finger printing recorded eleven peaks under 254 nm, seventeen under 366 nm and fifteen peaks after derivatization in defatted chloroform extract; nine peaks under 254 nm, eleven peaks under 366 nm and eight peaks after derivatization in defatted ethanol extract. About twenty three percent loss in weight was observed on heating at 105oC and drug was acidic nature. Not less than fourty percentage of the drug was soluble in alcohol and also in water. This drug has wide therapeutic use and the derived results may serve as reference standards.
Some quality standards for Dronapushpi Panchanga (Leucas aspera Spreng) Powder
Get PDFBackground: Dronapushpi (Leucas aspera Spreng) of Lamiaceae is found as a weed throughout the country. It is described in various Nighantus. To maintain the effectiveness of crude drugs, the standardisation and proper identification of the plant is very important. Fresh juice of Dronapushpi is efficacious in malarial fever, collyrium prepared from the juice is used in jaundice, the decoction of the herb is used to ulcer as wash liquid, also applied externally to poisonous insect bites and also useful in worm infestation, inflammation, bronchitis, asthma and cough. In this study Dronapushpi panchanga (whole plant) was studied systematically to evaluate its quality standards. Methods: Macro-microscopic features, physico-chemical and phytochemical investigation were performed as per Pharmacopoeial procedures. Results: The pharmacognostic study revealed the macroscopic characters, physicochemical constants and phytochemical nature of Donapushpi. The extracts which were screened for its phytochemicals showed the presence of constituents like coumarin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenols and tannin in both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. HPTLC profile was developed as fingerprint of extracts. Conclusion: Results of the present investigation L. aspera plant will help in validation of this crude drug
Efficacy of Palashgudavarti and Diclofenac Sodium Suppository in the management of Acute fissure in ano
Get PDFIntroduction: Parikartika is most common ano-rectal disorder. The text of parikartika is mentioned in Samhitas. In this disease there are symptoms such as bleeding per rectum, hard stools, burning sensation around anal region. In this trial, group A (n=30) included Palashadigudavarti, whereas group B included Diclofenac sodium suppository for administration over Parikartika (acute anal fissures). Gandharva haritaki choorna acts as laxative and helps to relieve constipation and sitz bath was given to both group as conservative management.. Materials and method: Literary aspect of the study was collected from classical Ayurvedic and contemporary text and updated with recent medical journals, previous research work done on same topic. Observation and results: Assessment was done by the parameters such as pain, bleeding and itching as Subjective and healing as Objective Parameter. Results were obtained by statistical analysis. Discussion: In this research work Palash, Goghrita and Beewax as suppository base was used in the form of varti application (advanced anal Suppository) for managing Anal fissure. There is need of ayurvedic suppository easily available in market which will relieves anorectal symptoms instantly, because repeated use of diclofenac sodium have side effect to the body. In the present case series, it proved to be significant in managing Fissure in ano, it reduced pain, itching, bleeding and promoted healing. Conclusion: In the treatment of Parikartika, Palashadigudavarti was more effective than Diclofenac sodium suppository
Keywords: Parikartika, fissure in ano, Palashadigudavarti, Diclofenac Sodium Suppository
Molecular docking analysis of selected bioactive components of Glycyrrhiza glabra against bronchial asthma
Get PDFBronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung by the combined action of various cytokines. As a result of the strong inflammatory response increased infiltration of cytokines result, damages respiratory epithelium, Hyperplasia of the trachealis muscle, and increased mucous production. Athimathura choornam is a promising drug used in all inflammatory conditions. Objective: To explore the efficacy of the Siddha formulation Athimathura choornam, an anti asthmatic drug using computational molecular docking analysis. Method: Based on the phytochemical study the active principles present in the plant Athimathuram were retrieved. 3D structure of the targets were retrieved from the repository and purified before the initiation of docking using the software. The potency of the drug was screened based on the binding of the ligands Asparagine, Liquiritin, and Glabridin with targets mentioned. These results were compared with the standard drugs such as Cetirizine, Salicylic acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Celecoxib. Results and Conclusion: Liquiritin has 9 interactions (90%) similar to that of Ibuprofen, 14 interactions (90%) similar to that of Citrazinehence , 5 interactions (100%) similar to that of salicylic acid hence it has promising COX 1 inhibition ,Histamine 1 blocking activity and Prostaglandin Synthase inhibition activity. Asparagine has 3 interactions (60%) similar to Celecoxib, has promising COX 2 inhibition activity. Glabridin has 2 interactions (50%) similar to that of Diclofenac hence it has promising IL6 inhibition activity.
Comparison of the two extraction methods of fruit pulp of Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) by HPTLC
Get PDFBackground: The existence of significant bioactive compounds in herbs makes them pharmacologically treasured. Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.), generally known as \u27golden shower tree\u27 is popular for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. The fruit pulp of it owns medicinal values. Each plant has certain bioactive important compounds. For the extraction of different vital compounds, there is a need of specific method of extraction, which are known as ‘panchavidha kashaya kalpana’ (five varieties of extraction) in Ayurveda. These are - Svarasa (expressed juice), Kalka (paste), Kvatha (decoction), Hima (cold infusion) and Phanta (hot infusion). From centuries, Ayurvedic physicians are using extraction method, called as \u27phanta\u27 (hot infusion) for the fruit pulp of Aragvadha as a conventional technique; Ayurvedic scriptures also recommend the \u27kvatha\u27 (decoction) extraction process. To assess the superiority of these two extraction procedures, the present work used high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) fruit pulp methanolic extract for phytochemical profiling. Results: The HPTLC analysis of Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) fruit pulp methanolic extract was carried out using winCATS Planar Chromatography Manager system, and the outcomes, which were obtained as chromatograms (scanned at the wavelength of 254 nm and 366 nm) representing multiple peaks. The plant\u27s phytochemical profile of both samples were established, and tables indicating the total count of peaks with the height, area, percent area of peaks, and Rf values. Conclusion: The study revealed that the \u27kadha\u27 (decoction) of Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) fruit pulp methanolic extract contains a rich variety of phytochemicals as compare to \u27phanta\u27 (hot infusion) which might be accountable for its therapeutic value and thus justifies superiority of the \u27kadha\u27 (decoction) extraction method
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Profiling of Arjunarishta
Get PDFGas chromatography with mass spectrometric detectors are used to separate different analytes present in a mixture and identify the same. It can also be used for quantification of the analytes. Sample preparation is essential for GC-MS analysis to obtain desired analytes. Aim of the study: The present study is pursued to profile the phytochemicals present in Arjunarishta, a medicated alcoholic preparation through Dichloromethane (DCM) and Ethyl acetate (EA). Materials and Methods: A sample obtained from a GMP-certified pharmacy was subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using DCM and EA, which was examined with GC-MS. Results: The analysis yielded 19 and 20 phytochemicals in DCM and EA respectively. Presumably, due to a small difference in the polarity of the solvents used, nine phytochemicals such as Ethyl gallate, Catechols etc., were found in both extracts. Conclusion: 30 unique phytochemicals were established in two different solvent extracts of the same sample.
A Comparative Clinical Study on the effect of Vachadi Avaleha versus Mustakadi Avaleha in the management of Pratishyaya (~Recurrent Rhinitis) in school going children: A Single-blind Randomized Control Trial
Get PDFBackground: In Ayurveda, Pratishyaya (~Recurrent Rhinitis) is described in Shiro-roga (Head disease).Pratishyaya (~Recurrent Rhinitis) is a common disease of childhood and it is well known for its recurrence. Immature Dhatu (tissues) state in children makes them more susceptible to recurrent infections. Clinical features of Pratishyaya (~Recurrent Rhinitis) can be correlated with rhinitis. Aim & Objective: To study the effect of vachadi avaleha and mustakadi avaleha in management of pratishyaya (~recurrent rhinitis). To study comparative efficacy of vachadi avaleha and mustakadi avaleha in management of pratishyaya(~recurrent rhinitis). Material & Method: Study comprises total 60 patients of Pratishyaya (~recurrent rhinitis) randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A (Experimental group) was treated with Vachadi avaleha two times a day after meal with honey and Group B (Control group) was treated with Mustakadi Avaleha administered two times a day after meal for 90 days. Patients were assessed for subjective parameters like rhinorrhoea, sneezing, nasal congestion, recurrence of rhinitis, duration of rhinitis per episode. Patients were assessed on every 30th day till completion of study period. Result- The effect of Mustakadi Avaleha (Group B) is significant at p<0.05 for subjective criteria such as nasastrava (rhinorrhoea), kshavathu (sneezing), and nasavarodha (nasal congestion) of pratishyaya (~Recurrent Rhinitis). Conclusion: Vachadi Avaleha is not as significant as Mustakadi avaleha in Pratishyaya (~Recurrent Rhinitis)
Evaluation of acute toxicity of Rasaparpati - An Ayurvedic mercurial compound in Albino rats
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This study aimed to investigate the preparation process of Rasaparpati, an Ayurvedic medicine containing Mercury that is commonly used to treat various ailments. The dangers of using Mercury as a therapeutic agent are acknowledged, and Ayurveda emphasizes purifying heavy metals before human use. The present study assessed the acute toxicity of Rasaparpati in albino rats to ensure its safe consumption.
Methodology
Following ethical guidelines and O.E.C.D. (423) protocol, Rasaparpati was prepared traditionally, and an acute toxicity study was conducted. Two groups of female Wistar rats were administered 300mg/kg and 2000mg/kg of Rasaparpati, and their behavioral changes, signs of toxicity, and mortality were closely monitored. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were also examined for any changes. The data obtained were analyzed and evaluated using an unpaired t-test, with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results
No deaths were observed following the administration of Rasaparpati in an acute toxicity study. There were no hematological or biochemical toxicity indications, even at ten time the therapeutic dose. However, the histopathological analysis revealed mild changes likely to heal and repair. These non-specific and reversible changes in rat cells suggest similar outcomes in human cells.
Conclusions
The acute toxicity study of Rasaparpati suggests its safety for animal use, indicating potential safety for human consumption. No adverse effects or mortality were observed, even at a dosage ten times higher than the therapeutic dose. However, more extensive research with larger sample sizes and control groups is recommended.