International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
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Antibacterial activities of Melissa officinalis (Lamiaceae) aerial parts extracts against bacteria isolated from the oral microflora, and their antioxidant properties
Get PDFDental caries and periodontal diseases are common oral conditions associated with the formation of dental plaque. Dental plaque is composed of the oral microbiota and accumulates on the tooth surface. Despite the development of numerous antiseptic agents to control bacterial growth, the issue of bacterial resistance has prompted scientists to explore new avenues. As the problem of bacterial resistance continues to grow, studies in this field become increasingly crucial. Medicinal plants offer the best resources for this purpose, and Melissa officinalis L. is one such plant. This study aims to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis against bacteria isolated from the oral microbiota. In the study, 8 bacteria were used as the organism source, and Melissa officinalis was utilized as the plant source. The extraction of the plant was carried out using ethanol, methanol, and water. All extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activities using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activity studies were conducted using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. At the end of the study, the highest antibacterial activity was obtained from the ethanol extract of Melissa officinalis, with a 26 mm inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus epidermidis MBKK7. The highest antioxidant activity was determined to be 87.34% DPPH radical scavenging activity from the methanol extract of Melissa officinalis. As a result, it has been determined that Melissa officinalis exhibits both high antibacterial and antioxidant activities. It can be suggested that M. officinalis may serve as an effective natural protector against oral pathogens
Qualitative and GC-MS analysis of medicinally potent aquatic herb Pistia stratiotes L. Assam, India
Get PDFPistia stratiotes L. belongs to Araceae family, is a free-floating aquatic plant found in rivers, lakes, and ponds It is commonly known as water cabbage or water lettuce. P. stratiotes stands out as a prominent Ayurvedic remedy, extensively utilized over time for treating a multitude of ailments, The present study was aimed to carry out the detailed preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of the leaves and root of P. stratiotes. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of P. stratiotes indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrades, reducing sugars, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic, tannins, triterpinoids, saponins, proteins and amino acids. GC-MS analysis was also carried out to detect the phytoconstituents present in the methanolic, hexane and ethylacetate extract of leaves and root of P. stratiotes
Investigating the antioxidant properties and GC-MS profile of Indian native medicinal flower Pandanus odorifer and assessing its cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cells
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of Pandanus odorifer flower. The phytochemical investigation includes both qualitative and quantitative experiments. In vitro antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl methods. The bioactive compounds present in the ethanol extract were identified using GC-MS analysis. The MTT assay was carried out on HT-29 colon cancer cells to investigate the cytotoxic ability of the ethanolic extract. The qualitative phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, steroids, carboxylic acids and cardiac glycosides. The determination of flavonoid showed 400 ± 0.110 mg/g and 250±0.090 mg/g of quercetin equivalent in ethanol and water extracts. Similarly, the determination of phenol exhibited 108±0.210 mg/g and 87±0.173 mg/g gallic acid equivalent in ethanol and water extracts. The total antioxidant capacity revealed 1.6 ± 0.093 mg/g and 1.3± 0.056 mg/g equivalent of ascorbic acid in ethanol and water extracts. The DPPH assay showed IC50 values of 35.06 µg/mL in ethanol and 44.82 µg/mL in water extract. Likewise, the ABTS assay revealed an IC50 value of 42.20 µg/mL and 47.45 µg/mL in ethanol and water extract. The hydroxyl radical assay showed IC50 value of 23.95 µg/mL in ethanol and 36.56 µg/mL in water extract. 22 bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis based on their similarity index. The ethanolic extract showed greater cytotoxic activity with the IC50 value of 28.08 µg/mL on HT-29 colon cancer cells. This study concludes that the Pandanus odorifer flower extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and cytotoxic property. 
Evaluating the Impact of Little Millets on Glycaemic Control and Metabolic Health in Individuals with Diabetes: An Analytical Study
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that carries serious health hazards. Diabetics can attain sufficient glycemic control with the aid of weight loss, exercise, oral glucose-lowering medications, and a healthy diet. The numerous antioxidant components found in millets, such as phenolic flavonoids, are crucial for regulating the body\u27s glucose levels. Antioxidant elements found in millet include phenolic flavonoids, which are crucial in preventing and treating lifestyle diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and gastrointestinal disorders. Using conventional analytical techniques, the chemical composition of the little millet grain was ascertained through observation and analysis. The analytical study reveals that the little millet is slightly yellow colour with a smooth texture and slightly bitter taste, the moisture content of Little millet is 11.24%, the mean time taken by the sample to dry up to the successive loss of <0.01 is 27.67min, the total ash value of Little Millet is 56.77%, the mean acid insoluble ash of Little millet is 27.89, the mean water-soluble ash of little millet is 41.22, Alcohol soluble extract of little millet is 0.45 %, Water soluble extract of little millet is found to be 9.938% and the pH of little millet is 6. FTIR study confirms the presence of compounds with functional groups such as Carboxylic acid, Alkenes, Aliphatic amine, Aromatics, and Alkyl halides
Seasonal regimen (Ritucharya) with special reference to Agni and Gut Microbiota
Get PDFBackground: Ayurvedic Classics have stated six Ritus (seasons), three each under the broad classifications Aadana kala (Northern Solstice) and Visarga kala (Southern Solstice), with distinct dietary and lifestyle regimens prescribed for each. Human gut microbiome diverges seasonally and diet according to Ritucharya is the most effective method to manipulate and regulate the inherent host microbiota relationship. Aim: The present review work has been done to see the implementation of Ritucharya (Seasonal regimen) for a healthy life with special reference to gut flora. Material methods: Information regarding “Ritucharya” has been analyzed from classical textbooks like Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, etc. Detailed evidence and information have been collected by searching MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, AYUSH Portal, and Namaste Portal. Research and review articles were selected by using the search terms: “Ritucharya”, “human gut biome”, “host-microbiome interaction”, “gut microbiota”, “seasonal microbiota”, “season-agni”, “ritucharya-agni”, “agni-gut microbiota” and “diet-microbiota”, “environment-gut bacteria. Discussion: The impaired Agni (digestive fire) is the basic cause of all illnesses. The entire Ayurvedic preventive and treatment system is based on the modulation and management of "Agni" (digestive fire). When Agni\u27s activity is disrupted, it affects Mahasrotas (gastrointestinal) and affects the gut microbiota of an individual. Dysbiosis of the gut microbial makeup has been linked to a variety of diseases including gastritis, obesity, colitis, and eczema. Providing the correct gut environment through the right seasonal diet helps nurture the right microbiome, which can result in good metabolic effects and help prevent seasonal and opportunistic infections. Conclusion: This review examines the seasonal regimens based on the current evidence on the interdependency of gut microbial ecology with changing seasons and consequent health effects
Evaluation of anti-microbial effect of Sushrutokta Vayu-Nirvishikarana yoga
Get PDFIntroduction: With the presence of extensive number of various microbes in the living environment, there is need to explore few sustainable and safe practices to control the ill effects of the microbes. In Indian tradition the Dhoopana (fumigation process) is well established since time immemorial and it is practiced regularly for different purposes. Many of the formulations quoted in the classics are already in practice. Acharya Sushruta, in Kalpasthana quotes the use of Vayu Nirvishikarana Yoga for Dhoopana-artha in the chikitsa of Dushita Vayu. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt safer methods like Dhoopana with the herbal formulations for the disease control. Methods: Vayu Nirvishikarana yoga comprising of 11 drugs, predominantly constitutes of volatile oils, alkaloids and tannins from the respective drugs. There are proven studies over the antimicrobial property, anti-oxidant properties of various drugs of this formulation. Results: The study was conducted to showcase the efficacy of the Dhoopana yoga in an indoor environment in terms of limiting the microbial load. The results of this work showed considerable results with sufficient scope for further studies. Conclusion: Krimighna and Vishaghna gunas of these drugs used in this formulation can be justified as explained in the classics. After evaluating the existing data about Dhoopana process and executing the study, its effectiveness becomes self-evident, but scientific approach and evidence are required to mainstream them and to establish the formulations as primary disinfection measures.
Evaluation of comparative Efficacy of Jyotishmati and Yastimadhu granules in Enhancing IQ and Memory in Children having different Prakriti –A double blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFBackground: Children with high IQ and memory have lower rates of poverty and dependency. Jyotishmati and Yastimadhu are both Medhya dravya to enhance IQ and memory describe in numerous Ayurveda classical texts. Aim &objectives: To compare the efficacy of Jyotishmati with Yastimadhu on IQ and Memory in children with various Prakriti types. Material & Methods: Total 60 healthy participants are enrolled and randomly divided into 2 equal main groups and 6 subgroups (VataPitta, VataKapha, PittaVata, PittaKapha, KaphaVata, KaphaPitta). Group-J (Intervention group) given Jyotishmati granules and Group-Y (Control group) given Yastimadhu granules both the interventions were administered for 60 days and follow up for 60 days. Observations & Result: While comparing Group J and Group Y, it showed highly significant at follow up in kapha-pitta groups with p<0.001 in IQ and statistically significant with p<0.05 in memory. Discussion: Kapha Pitta Prakriti dominant groups showed significant results in follow-up, because Kapha Prakriti persons are bestowed with Gunas (qualities) like Chirgrahi(slow grasping), Dhritiman (good retaining power) and Smritiman (good memory). Pitta Prakriti persons are Medhavi(sharp grasping) and Nipunmati(good retention power), together with the action of Jyotishmati granules, showed significant dominance over other Prakriti Doshas. Conclusion: The prevalence of low IQ at pre-treatment in Group J was 3.32 % and Group Y was 6.7%. In memory, Group J was 16.7% and Group Y was 10% are on Average memory. Both the groups were 100% improve to Average IQ, and 100% improve to Good memory in Group J but 96.7% in Group Y at post-treatment and follow-up. Jyotishmati and Yastimadhu granules were significant in enhancing IQ and memory
Evaluation of efficacy of Avipattikar churna versus Chitrakadi kwath in the management of Amlapitta (Hyperacidity) - A pilot study
Get PDFAmlapitta is a condition characterised by the predominance of Pitta and is associated with the Annavaha and Purishvaha srotas. It manifests as a result of imbalances in Mandagni (weakened digestive fire) and the presence of Ama (undigested or improperly metabolized substances). The prevalence rate of Amlapitta in India is 38.1%. Considering the similarities in etiopathogenesis, it can be correlated with Hyperacidity in Modern Science. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Avipattikar churna versus Chitrakadi kwath in the management of Amlapitta (Hyperacidity). Methodology: An Interventional Study was conducted among 30 patients between the ages of 20 and 60 of either sex who had symptoms of Tikta Amlodgar (sour and bitter irructation), Hrit-kanthadaha (burning in heart and throat), Udarashool (epigastric pain) and Utklesha (nausea), and Aruchi (anorexia). Group A was given Aipattikar Churna; Group B was given Chitrakadi Kwath. Subjective Parameters were assessed in both groups on the 0th, 7th, and 15th days, and comparison was done by statistical analysis. Observation and Discussion: Both interventions proved effective, showcasing strengths in addressing distinct subjective parameters. Conclusion: Both drugs demonstrated high effectiveness in the study. Group A exhibited significant improvements across all subjective parameters, except Udarshoola (Abdominal pain). On the other hand, Group B displayed notable results in all subjective parameters, except for Utklesha and Aruchi. In conclusion, both groups were significant
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Lepidagathis Pungens Nees: A Therapeutic Application
Get PDFANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF LEPIDAGATHIS PUNGENS NEES: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS FOR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, heavy metal content, inorganic elements, extract parameters, and antioxidant activities of Lepidagathis pungens Nees, a plant with potential health-promoting properties. The physicochemical analysis revealed the presence of ash values, moisture content, total fiber content, swelling index, and foaming index. Heavy metal content analysis showed that cadmium, nickel, mercury, lead, chromium, and arsenic levels were within the safe limits set by the World Health Organization, indicating the plant\u27s safety for consumption. The presence of various essential inorganic elements such as calcium, chloride, copper, iron, magnesium, nitrate, phosphate, and potassium was also confirmed. Five different solvent extracts, including Oil ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and absolute ethanol extracts of the plant were obtained. from the whole plant, and their extractive values, colors, odors, and consistencies A determination was made. The methanol and aqueous extracts had the highest extractive values. The fluorescent analysis of the whole plant powder revealed various colors under daylight, long UV, and short UV light, depending on the solvent used. The antioxidant properties of the Lepidagathis pungens Nees extracts were assessed through their product scavenges superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidations. An aqueous and methanol extract demonstrated the highest scavenging activities across all concentrations for both Lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radicals. The scavenging activity increased in an inverse relationship between dose and response. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of Lepidagathis pungens Nees as a source of antioxidant compounds, particularly in methanol and aqueous extracts. The safety profile and presence of essential inorganic elements in the plant suggest its potential for use in traditional medicine or as a dietary supplement. Further research into the Inhibitors of antioxidant activity: specific compounds could lead to the development of health-promoting products or therapeutic interventions utilizing the extracts\u27 antioxidant properties.
 
Insilico analysis of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) for its Balya activity with special reference to Cachexia
Get PDFCachexia is a serious but under recognised consequence of many chronic diseases. The positive role of Ashwagandha in debility has been evaluated in several studies. But the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In the present study, network pharmacology is used to understand the molecular basis of its action. Methods: The phytoconstituents of Ashwagandha were screened from IMPPAT database and literature. The effective compounds were screened by drug likeness score and pharmacokinetic characteristics (ADMET). The target genes of effective compounds were predicted from BindingDB. The cachexia genes were found in gene-cards database, and cachexia related target genes were screened by comparison. Then the related pathways and correlation analysis were explored by the Genomes (KEGG) database. Finally, the networks of compound-target, target-pathway, and pathway-disease of Ashwagandha were constructed by Cytoscape software v3.7.2. Docking studies were carried out with PyRx software and analyzed in Biovia discovery studio visualizer. Results: The effective ingredients of Ashwagandha in cachexia were Withanolide S, Withanolide E, Withanolide D, Withasomniferol A and Beta sitosterol. The network analysis showed the highly modulating proteins were PTGS2, AR, PRKCB, JUN, TERT, NFE2L2, MDM2 and TNF which are related to cachexia and act on the pathways like MAPK signalling, MicroRNAs in cancer, cAMP signalling etc. The ligands and targets were retrieved from the PubChem, Protein Data Bank and docked using PyRx software. Conclusion: The present study is enabling to understand scientific evidence at the molecular level of balya action which has been proved clinically earlier