International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
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Nootropic Effect of Celastrus paniculatus on Restraint Stress Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in Wistar Albino Rats
Get PDFBackground: Stress most certainly plays a significant role in everyday life. The natural biological balance is disrupted by stressful events, which has a negative impact on normal physiological and psychological function. In the last 20 years, there hasn\u27t been much advancement in the creation of medications, efficient drug delivery systems, or treatments for Central Nervous System (CNS)-related issues. The ancient Ayurvedic herb Celastrus paniculatus (CP) has been used for millennia as a memory booster, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, and antiepileptic drug. The neuropharmacological effects of the seed extract have been thoroughly studied in a variety of laboratories, and there are numerous findings that support their nootropic function. Aim: To investigate the effects of Celastrus paniculatus against restraint stress, induced behavioral and biochemical changes in male Wistar albino rats. Methods: The animals were divided into five groups. Each group includes six animals. Group I: Control, Group II: Restraint stress (6hrs for 21 days), Group III: Celastrus paniculatus (400mg/kg, orally) and restraint Stress, Group IV: Celastrus paniculatus alone, Group V: Vehicle. The behavioral changes are assessed by Place Preference test, Elevated plus Maze. Animals were euthanized and the discrete regions of the brain were homogenized for biochemical estimation, such as Catalase, SOD, LPO, GPX, GSH, Vitamin C. Animal’s cognitive and anxiety-related behavior and antioxidants were examined the following day after the stress procedure and treatment. Results: Following a period of 21 days of being subjected to restraint stress, the behavioral changes were reduced in stress group when compared to control group, and also the levels of Lipid peroxidase significant (P<0.05) increased in the restraint stress group as compared to the control group. Enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Vitamin C, Glutathione experienced a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the restraint stress group as opposed to the control group. Conclusion: Chronic restraint stress has adverse effects on the animal’s cognition, memory, and learning abilities as well as anxiety-related behavior. However, Celastrus paniculatus treatment shows enhanced performance in anxiety-related Behavior and antioxidant properties
Physicochemical and Phytochemical analysis of Wild and Cultivated Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.)
Get PDFChitrak (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) is a perennial shrub that grows slowly. Its roots become mature enough for medicinal use after a long time. The major source of Chitrak is wild and mainly roots are used in medicine preparation, so it needs to be uprooted and plant sustainability can’t be maintained. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of wild and cultivated root, stem, and leaves of Chitrak. Wild and cultivated Chitrak was collected from Kharangana forest and Herbal garden, MGACH&RC, Dist. Wardha respectively in an appropriate season as per the guidelines mentioned in Charak Samhita. Collected plant material was cleaned properly, shed-dried, ground, stored in an airtight container, and labeled for further study. For the Chromatographic study, a standard Plumbagin marker was procured from Sigma Aldrich Company, Bengaluru. This study concluded that all test samples contain Plumbagin but cultivated Chitrak root contains more Plumbagin than leaves and stem. So, according to ancient Ayurveda texts, the use of Chitrak root for various diseases as compared to leaves and stem is justified and ideal as far as the Plumbagin is concerned. But as leaves and stems also contain some amount of Plumbagin then it may be used for less chronic diseases or in patients who cannot tolerate the Tikshnatva and Ushnatva of Chitrak root. In this study, cultivated Chitrak root showed more Plumbagin than the wild source. So we can say that cultivated sources can be used in therapeutics instead of the wild sources after confirmation by clinical trials thereby minimizing the unauthorized collection practices and motivating the cultivation of this plant to some extent
Physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical analysis of different brands of Hingwashtak churna; a polyherbal medicine in Sri Lanka
Get PDFHingwashtak churna is a polyherbal medicine, used to treat gastrointestinal diseases like gastric ulcers, bloating, acidity, and joint disease. The quality evaluation of hingwashtak churna is needed for its acceptability and safety for stakeholders. Therefore, this study focused on the evaluation of physiochemical and preliminary phytochemicals of different selected marketed brands of polyherbal medicine “hingwashtak churna” in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Three brands of powder form (H1, H2 & H3) of Hingwashtak churna samples were purchased in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Preliminary phytochemical screening and physio-chemical tests were carried out for each brand. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVAs using SPSS 22. The results of physico-chemical parameters obtained from the study showed that there was a significant difference (Ρ > 0.05) among all three marketed brands as well as between each and other brands. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenols and ascorbic acid in all the brands. There was a significant difference in the flow properties of the powders from all three brands. Most of the parameters of the physiochemical tested brands of Hingwashtak Churna had roughly similar values to previous studies. As no published data are available in Sri Lanka, this preliminary profile could be a reference in future studies. However, further analysis has to be done in order to standardize the product according to the WHO guideline on Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials.
Incorporation of standardised extract of Curcuma longa Linn into phytosomes and its evaluation for in vitro Anti-inflammatory potential and Brine shrimp lethality assay
Get PDFAim: To incorporate standardized Curcuma longa Linn extract into phytosomes and evaluate for in vitro anti-inflammatory and BSL bioassay. Method: The quality of the plant material was determined by various pharmacognostic parameters. The plant material was then subjected to maceration for extraction using ethanol: water as solvent followed by Soxhlet extraction. The resulting extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis to determine the presence of plant metabolites. The drug and excipients compatibility was evaluated by FTIR study. Furthermore, using the thin film hydration approach, a new lipid-based phytosome was prepared. In vitro anti-inflammatory and brine shrimp lethality tests were performed on prepared phytosome. Results: Moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash values, aqueous, alcohol, and petroleum ether extractive values are all found to be within limits. The phytochemical analysis validated the existence of alkaloids, tannins, resins, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, and saponins. The compatibility study demonstrates the compatibility of excipients with drugs. Thin film hydration technique was employed successfully to prepare the phytosomes containing Curcuma longa linn extract. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity revealed that prepared phytosome could serve as natural based therapeutic option for anti-inflammatory potential. Brine shrimp lethality assay also confirmed the bioactivity of prepared phytosomes. Conclusion: The method used for standardization can be used to aid with plant identification and quality analysis of Curcuma longa Linn for future research. It can be inferred from the findings that phytosomes loaded with Curcuma longa Linn extract exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects
The Effectiveness of Wound Dressing with Virana Sanjeevi Thailam (VST) in the Management of Madhumegha Viranam – A Case Report
Get PDFDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most prevalent consequences for those with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The annual incidence of DFU worldwide is between 9.1 to 26.1 million, the mortality and morbidity are the common reasons for hospitalisation of diabetes patients. The available treatment modalities are expensive and unsatisfactory in the clinical management of DFU. In Siddha system of medicine Diabetic ulcers are referred to as Madhumegha Viranam (MV). Various thailam (medicated oil) are used in the management of ulcers. Virana Sanjeevi thailam (VST) is one of the classical Siddha topical formulations indicated for the management of chronic ulcers. As this thailam is not been subjected to clinical evaluation yet, this case study is to report the effectiveness of wound dressing with VST along with adjuvant Siddha medications in 60 years old, post-menopausal, house wife who reported with complaints of ulcer in the plantar aspect of right foot for a period of 6 months, along with a past history of diabetes and systemic hypertension undergoing modern treatment for the past 10 years. The patient was diagnosed to have MV and the ulcer had features of Grade 2 in Maggit Wagner system of classification of diabetic ulcers, wound area was 12cm2, with pale granulation tissues and purulent discharges. Following treatment, ulcer healed completely in a span of 86 days and Leg Ulcer Measurement Tool score improved from 41/68 to 3/68. This may encourage the use of Siddha medicines in management of DFUs.
Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological significance and toxicology of Argemone mexicana L. – A review approach
Get PDFArgemone Mexicana L. (AM, Papaveraceae) is found and native to tropical America. Many cultures have traditionally used this annual herb to treat a variety of ailments, including skin disorders, digestive problems, eye issues, and anti-dotes. Argemone Mexicana (AM), a plant with a long history of traditional use, has recently gained renewed attention from researchers due to its potential pharmacological benefits. The possibility that this plant could be used to develop new therapies has inspired further research. Information about AM was collected from scientific databases published between January 2000 and March 2022. These databases include Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science, NOPR, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Wiley, SpringerLink, and ACS publications. Numerous chemical constituents present in AM have been found to have medicinal properties, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponin, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Various parts of the AM plant exhibit antimicrobial, wound healing, antioxidant, antimalarial, larvicidal, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer effects, and have been used to treat sexually transmitted diseases. However, the plant is also known to be toxic, and its use can lead to a number of adverse effects, including dermatitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and neurological damage. This review critically evaluates recent developments in the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of AM in order to provide a scientific basis for reasonable utilization and further research
Comparison of Gomaya Mashi and Rodhradi Gana Udvartana followed by Bhaspa Swedana in Sthoulya (Obesity)
Get PDFThe World Health Organization (WHO) describes Obesity as a condition characterized by excessive deposition of body fat to the point where it adversely affects health. Body mass index (BMI) values within 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 and below 30 kg/m2 are two measures of the positive energy imbalance that leads to obesity. In 2000, World Health Organization identified Obesity as the most clearly evident yet most ignored public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization ranks obesity as the second most dangerous disease in the world. The worldwide impact of Obesity is recorded to be 4 million obesity-related deaths and 40 million disability-adjusted life years among adults globally in 2015. Family history, frequent overeating patterns, and lack of physical activity are all significant risk factors. When treating Sthula (obese patients), Ruksha Udvartana is mentioned, which involves using a dry powder of herbs without oil is used. Therefore, for the current study, it was decided to choose the Rodhradigana Udvartana followed by Bhaspaswedana and Gomaya Mashi Udvartana followed by Bhaspaswedana as a comparative study. The purpose of the current study is to document and examine this process for statistical interpretation. Aim: Evaluation of Comparative efficacy of Rodhradi Gana Udvartana with Bhaspaswedana and Gomaya Mashi Udvartana with Bhaspawedana in the management of Sthoulya (obesity). Material and Methods: Data related to the disease as well as the drug was collected from Samhitas, other classical Ayurvedic literature, and various modern science books. Subjects visited to outdoor and indoor Panchakarma department and from the specialty camps were registered for the present study. Result: Significant improvement was observed in both groups and during comparison, more results were found in the Gomaya Mashi group (Group B). Conclusion: Udvartana with Gomaya Mashi followed by Bhaspasweda is more effective than Udvartana with Rodhradi Gana followed by Bhaspasweda in the management of Sthoulya (Overweight) and is an economical alternative without adverse effects
Cognition enhancing activity of essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig in memory-impaired animal models
Get PDFAlzheimer\u27s disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that causes loss of memory and cognition. Numerous variables, such as age, environment, lifestyle, and genetics, influence the occurrence of such neurodegenerative diseases. Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig is being used traditionally for various skin problems. In, this study, we evaluated the effect of the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig by in vitro as well as in vivo tests in Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced zebrafish and mouse models of memory impairment. Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig significantly retained the spatial and fear memory in zebrafish and mice. Oral administration of the essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig has neuroprotective effects in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u27s disease by regulating lipid peroxidation and reducing oxidative stress in the brains of Aluminum chloride-treated mice and zebrafish, according to biochemical and histopathological studies. These findings suggest that Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig essential oil has anti-amnesic effects via acetylcholine esterase enzyme inhibition and modulation of oxidative stress indicators in neuronal cells. As a result, the current research also suggests that Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig may be used as a natural, complementary therapy for cognitive problems linked to Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD)
Zootherapy and ethnozoological studies of Medicinal animals and their products used by the tribal communities in Goa
Get PDFTraditional medicine is also known by several other terms such as alternative or complementary or folk medicine\u27. It includes the sum of the total knowledge, health practices approaches and beliefs incorporating plants, animals, minerals, medicines, spiritual therapies, yoga and physical exercises used by different cultures for generations to prevent, diagnose and treat physical and mental illness or to maintain health in a holistic sense. Documentation and evaluation of this indigenous remedial knowledge is essential for the development of the pharmaceutical industry. Some researchers have made an attempt to study and document the usage of medicinal animals by traditional healers. However, there is no scientific documentation on the use of medicinal animals in the treatment for various diseases in the primary health care system by the tribal communities in Goa. Present study is aimed to document different zoo therapeutic medicinal animals and their utilization in the traditional health care system among the Gawda and Dhangar communities, the native tribes of Goa
Pharmaceutical and physicochemical analysis of Mandura Bhasma
Get PDFIntroduction: Mandura (Slag of Iron) is a metallic oxide-cum-silicate of iron with the general formula Fe2SiO4 and is also known as Slag. In the classical text, different types of methods are explained in different classical books for the preparation of Mandura bhasma based on its utility. Objective: To prepare and analyse Mandura bhasma by employing various Bhasma pariksha mentioned in Ayurvedic science and Modern parameters along with analysis as per tools available today. Materials and methods: To standardise the standard operating procedure (SOP), Mandura Bhasma according to the method mentioned in classical Alchemy (Rasatarangini and Rasamrita). Mandura, detoxification process was followed by heating it in charcoal and dipping it in cow urine and the incineration process by levigating with juice of Aloe vera and heating system generated by cow dung cakes. Result: Bhasma became brownish, very fine, very soft and smooth and passed all classical characteristics of Ayurvedic parameters like Rekhapurnatva, Varitaratva, Sukshmatva, Shlakshnatva etc.,. All physic-chemical parameters are within the standard and presence of phytochemicals like steroids, alkaloids and tannin. X-ray diffraction analysis results revealed the crystalline size and FTIR revealed the presence of functional groups. Conclusion: The therapeutic efficacy of the Bhasma is believed to manifest only when it has successfully undergone the Bhasma Pariksha, a rigorous traditional assessment ensuring its quality and potency. This would undoubtedly aid in ensuring safety, efficacy, and batch-to-batch consistency.