International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
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Antimicrobial Potentials of Kadamba Extract- Loaded Liposomal Hydrogels
Get PDFBackground: Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadamba) is a traditional medicinal plant recognized for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its poor aqueous solubility and chemical instability limit its therapeutic applicability in conventional formulations. Aim/Objective: To develop and evaluate a Kadamba extract-loaded liposomal hydrogel for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and controlled topical delivery. Methods: Kadamba leaves were extracted using hydroalcoholic maceration. Liposomes were prepared via thin-film hydration and characterized by dynamic light scattering, showing a mean vesicle size of 739.4 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.455, and zeta potential of –12.8 mV. The optimized liposomal suspension was incorporated into a Carbopol 940-based hydrogel. The formulation’s physicochemical properties (pH, viscosity, spreadability, washability) and antimicrobial efficacy were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assays were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Results: The liposomal hydrogel exhibited a stable pH of 6.5, appropriate for dermal application, with good viscosity and spreadability. MIC values indicated significant antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones measuring up to 6 mm against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Liposomal encapsulation enhanced the solubility and retention of bioactives, enabling sustained release and improved microbial suppression compared to the free extract. Conclusion: The Kadamba extract-loaded liposomal hydrogel demonstrated promising antimicrobial potential, offering enhanced stability, bioavailability, and topical delivery. This nanocarrier-based system represents a viable alternative for natural, plant-derived dermatological therapies
Exploring the Role of Ardhamatrika Basti in Anovulatory Female Infertility: A Clinical Evaluation
Get PDFIntroduction: The difficulty to conceive or subfertility represents major social and psychological burden amongst couples. Anovulation, fallopian tube disease, pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility are the major causes of female infertility. Initial treatment for women with anovulatory infertility involves a sequential approach, moving from less to more resource-intensive therapies. Anovulation is dominant factor, which comprises 30-40% of female infertility factor. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Ardhamatrika Basti in the management of female Infertility with special reference to Anovulatory factor. Methods & Materials: The study was conducted on 18 female subjects of anovulation with primary or secondary infertility, fulfilling the inclusion criteria and diagnosed by Transvaginal sonography for 2 consecutive cycles. Patients received Ardhamatrika Basti (through rectal root, after cessation of menstruation) for 16 days till ovulation occurred. The observations and results were assessed by follicular study conducted from 8th-9th day of menstrual cycle till 20th day for three consecutive cycles. Statistical Analysis: The results were drawn after analysing nonparametric data statistically by means of Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In the study, ovulation was achieved in 81.25 % of the patients including 25 % conceptions within follow up period. Conclusion: As a result, it has been concluded that Ardhamatrika Basti is effective treatment modality in infertility owing to anovulatory facto
In-vitro antibacterial assessment of o deodorant roll - on formulated from Gatra Dourgandhyanashana Lepa with underarm swab samples
Get PDFIntroduction: Sweda (sweat), a bodily exudation linked to fat tissue, helps maintain skin moisture but excessive sweating causes bad odor and itching. In Ayurveda, various formulations are outlined to reduce deha dourgandhya (bad odor). One such remedy is the gatra dourgandhyanashana lepa, comprising vasa (Adhatoda vasica Nees.) and shankha (conch shell). In this study, deodorant the modified form of gatra dourgandhyanashana lepa was tested for antibacterial activity. Materials and methods: The bacterial load before and after application of deodorant was assessed by measuring the total viable count using in-vitro serial dilution of underarm swabs. The obtained results of before application (BA), after application 2hrs (AA2) and after application 4hrs (AA4) were subjected to statistical analysis. Results and Discussion: Descriptive statistics showed mean bacterial counts of 6188.89 ± 4088.534 (BA), 2557.78 ± 2021.273 (AA2), and 2166.67 ± 1161.895 (AA4). The Friedman test (p = 0.034) indicated a statistically significant reduction in microbial load in the study samples between at least two of the time points. Wilcoxon’s test revealed AA4 showed significant reduction (p = 0.002), but AA2 did not (p = 0.049), suggesting deodorant\u27s effectiveness at 4 hours. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a decrease in bacterial counts, with the effect persisting four hours after the application of the deodorant roll-on
Evaluation of a Polyherbal Gel in a Single-Arm Open-Label Trial for Management of Scalp Pityriasis Capitis (Dandruff)
Get PDFBackground: Pityriasis Capitis (Dandruff) is a leading scalp disorder, which affects over 50% population globally. Current anti-dandruff chemical based products can show side-effects, especially after long-term use. The ten herbs mentioned in Kandughna (anti-itching) class of Charak Samhita are known to have anti-itching effect along with proven anti-microbial and anti- inflammatory properties, which could potentially have strong anti-dandruff activity through the synergistic action of the contents. The traditional dosage form of paste or concoctions was converted into gel form i.e. Dashemani Kandughna Gel (DKG) for better patient acceptability. The developed gel, proven to be a stable and non-irritant formulation with significant in-vitro anti- microbial activity against dandruff causing organisms. Objectives: This single arm open label trial was designed to assess the clinical efficacy of Dashemani Kandughna Gel in the patients of dandruff. Methods: The gel was prepared by following the SOP and was assessed for its clinical efficacy through a single-arm non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 120 patients suffering from varying grades of dandruff. Gradation scale for major signs and symptoms i.e. itching, scalp dryness, scalp scaling and falling of hair, as well as trichoscopic examination were used as assessment criteria. The 21-day trial consisted of night-time topical drug application with 7 day follow-ups. Results: The statistical analysis showed that polyherbal gel has produced significant results (p- value < 0.05) with reduction of itching (90%), dryness (70%), scaling (79.35%). falling of hair (52%) The study corroborates the anti-dandruff activity of Polyherbal gel
Improvement of visual acuity in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with Nimi Nirdishta Yoga- A case report
Get PDFAyurveda can serve in many disease conditions, whereas conventional systems face several limitations. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is among such conditions, where effective management is becoming a challenge. Diabetic Retinopathy leads to visual disability and is one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Currently available conventional treatments for DR have certain limitations; considering this fact, options from alternative resources are being searched. In Ayurveda, retinal diseases can be included in Drishtigata roga (~eye sight disorder) and DR can be correlated with Timir (~a class of morbid affections of the coats of the eye), as pathology of Timir is secondary to systemic Dosha Dushti (~vitiation of body humor) and DR can be considered as Pramehajanya Timir. A male patient of 61 years visited the Netra (ophthalmic) OPD complaining of defective distant and near vision for two months. Based upon the history of diabetes and clinical signs and symptoms, he was diagnosed with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) in both eyes. The indirect ophthalmoscopy investigation was used to confirm the diagnosis. Nimi Nirdishta yoga which contains Triphala, Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), and Ghrita was administered for one month daily at night with honey. At the end of one month, there was improvement noted in distant vision without glasses from 6/18 to 6/12 in the right eye and 6/9 to 6/6p in the left eye while near vision from N/8 to N/6 in both eyes with glasses. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed a reduction in exudates and hemorrhages. The observations reveal that Ayurvedic approaches are helpful in managing Diabetic Retinopathy
Abutilon theophrasti (Velvet leaf) a medicinal weed: A Novel Ethnomedical Approach in Exploring Anti-Solar, Anti-Microbial, Anti-oxidant Efficacy
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to assess the antisolar, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Abutilon theophrasti. For the evaluation of antisolar activity, a Shimadzu UV-1900 double beam UV spectrophotometer was used, along with standard SPF values. The antioxidant activity was analyzed through various methods, including DPPH, nitric oxide scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, ABTS, FRAP, NBT, and LPO assays. The determination of minimum inhibitory zone (MIC) and antimicrobial activity was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the plant extract exhibited significant antisolar activity, with SPF values exceeding 10, specifically 11.5 for the aqueous extract and 15.60 for the methanolic extract, providing substantial protection against UV radiation. Additionally, the methanolic extract displayed a zone of inhibition ranging from 10 to 20 mm, while the aqueous extract showed a zone of inhibition ranging from 11 to 21 mm against various bacterial and fungal strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The MIC values ranged from 8.76 to 46.59 mg/mL for the tested bacterial species and fungal species. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the extracts was assessed using various methods, and their IC50 values were found to be higher than those of standard antioxidants. These findings suggest that Abutilon theophrasti (Velvet leaf), a medicinal weed, possesses substantial potential as an antisolar, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agent
In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effect of Vallarai Kirutham with Rasa Parpam in HeLa Cell Lines
Get PDFCancer is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can affect nearby tissues as well as distant organs. Cervical cancer is predicted to be among the four most prevalent cancers in women overall in 2020, with 342,000 mortality and 604,000 new cases. Around 6-29% of all cancers in women in India are caused by cervical cancer. Women who have had several sexual partners, recurrent abortions, or vaginal deliveries—all of which cause repetitive stress to the cervix are more likely to develop cervical cancer. Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery are being used to treat cancer. All of these treatments come with side effects, which can range in severity and have a serious psychological impact on patients. The Siddha system has a number of accessible herbo mineral formulations for treating cervical cancer. According to Siddha literature (Agasthiyar Vaidhya Rathina Churukkam, 360), the treatment of cervical cancer (yoni puttru) is advised for the Siddha medicine Vallarai Kirutham with Rasa parpam. The goal of this research was to find out this formulation\u27s potential anti-cancer properties using MTT assays on HeLa cell lines. These findings of the current study suggest that the MTT technique\u27s lowest reading for cell viability was 1.26±0.009% at a concentration of 100 µl/ml. This was followed by concentrations of 75 µl/ml, 50µl/ml and 25µl/ml which showed 7.91±0.004%, 23.91 ±0.01% and 37.17± 0.01% similarly, 10 µl/ml shows 52.09±0.01%.The matching IC50 value was discovered to be 12.44% and AO/EB dual staining was used to examine apoptotic activity. The outcomes of in-vitro experiments using the HeLa cell line. According to the outcome of in vitro experiments done on the HeLa cell line, the drug had substantial anti-cancer and therapeutic value in the management of cervical tumours .With a variety of time tested medications the Siddha system has shown outcomes that were clinically important for the management of cervical carcinoma. One of those medications has to undergo additional testing in patients with cervical cancer through clinical research
Evaluation of Turmeric extract for human spermatozoa morphology assessment in combination with haematoxylin
Get PDFIntroduction: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of utilising Turmeric extract as a sustainable alternative to synthetic Eosin dye in the commonly employed Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) staining method for analysing human spermatozoa morphology. While H and E staining yields high-quality results, the synthetic nature of Eosin raises concerns about its environmental impact. By exploring the use of Turmeric extract as a substitute, this research aims to provide a more eco-friendly solution without compromising the staining quality. Method: A solution of Turmeric extract, comprising 15 grams per 100 ml, is formulated using 70% alcohol. This alcoholic extract is substituted for Eosin in the process of H and E staining. In the experiments, two sets of semen smears are prepared. One set is subjected to H and E staining, while the other set undergoes staining with Haematoxylin and Turmeric (H and T). The quality of staining on each slide is assessed based on various parameters, including the background of the smear, as well as the distinct sections of the sperm, namely the head, neck, body, and tail. Result and conclusion: Turmeric confers a unique coloration to the stained spermatozoa, yielding a vivid and distinguishable visual effect that contrasts with the conventional pink staining achieved through the use of Eosin. In both staining techniques, the morphology of the spermatozoa is clearly observable and distinguishable, albeit with Eosin providing enhanced contrast and sharpness. The exceptional staining capacity of Turmeric paves the path for the exploration of natural alternatives to supplant synthetic dyes.
Molecular docking study of phytochemical compounds from Kustakudori ennai as a potential anti-alopecia treatment
Get PDFBackground:
In the case of alopecia, the scalp\u27s hair may completely or partially lost. The 5--reductase enzyme has been inhibited as a recent prophylactic treatment. Diahydrotestosterone, a more potent metabolite of testosterone, is produced when the enzyme 5--reductase is inhibited.
Literature:
Kushtakudori ennai, Siddha poly herbal drug is used as a Alopecia medicine mentioned in the literature Prana rakshamirtha sindhu.This research aimed to test activity of 9 known compounds contained within the herbs of Kushtakudori ennai as anti-alopecia.
Methodology:
Utilizing molecular docking and the Auto doc program, functionality was determined on their interaction with the androgen receptor (PDB code 4K7a). The steps in the research process were: creating databases of androgen protein structures; creating and perfecting three-dimensional structures of compounds; utilizing Autodock 1.5.6 to dock molecules to the androgen receptor protein; and using the pkCSM tool to estimate ADME-Tox.
Observation and Inference:
Total of 9 bioactive lead compounds were retrieved from the ingredients present on the polyherbal siddha formulation. From the reported data of the herbs, the phytochemicals such as
Oleic acid, Chebuloside, Friedelin, Maslinic acid, Piperine, Isovitexin, Astragalin, Salsoline and Alangicine. The compound’s like Astragalin, Chebuloside, Friedelin and Piperine reveals maximum of four to five interactions with the bioactive residues present on the target androgen receptor. Other components such as Isovitexin, Salsoline, Maslinic acid and Alangicine revels maximum of three viable interactions with the target in comparison with standard drug Finasteride.
Conclusion:
Based on the results of the computational analysis it was concluded that the bio-active compound’s like Astragalin, Chebuloside, Friedelin, Piperine, Isovitexin, Salsoline, Maslinic acid and Alangicine reveals prominent interaction with active site of the receptor thereby it may hinder the binding of native ligand and also limit the follicle shrinkage and subsequent hair fall process. Hence it was concluded that the aforementioned phytocompounds may exerts promising anti-alopecia activity
Formulation and Analytical Development of Laxative Polyherbal Suspension
Get PDFThe aim of study is to formulate and evaluate polyherbal suspension containing aqueous extracts of Cassia Fistula L, Terminalia Bellerica Gaertn, Terminalia Chebula Retzm, Operculina Turpethum L, and Baliospermum Montanum Muell for laxative use and develop a validated analytical method by HPLC. The excipients employed in the formulation were Sucrose, Xanthan gum, Tween 80, Sodium methylparaben, Sodium propylparaben and water. The suspension was evaluated for organoleptic properties, Sedimentation volume, Redispersibility, Flow rate, Viscosity, and pH. Optimized formulation was further evaluated to check its stability for 90 days in accelerated conditions. The analytical method was developed for the assay of Rhein in formulated polyherbal suspension and validated by HPLC (Waters instrument with Empower software). The results revealed that an increased concentration of suspending agent increased viscosity, thus reducing the sedimentation and improving the stability of suspension. The validation parameters results indicated that the developed method is simple, reproducible, accurate, robust, precise, and specific. Polyherbal suspension was successfully formulated using varying concentrations of suspending agent and wetting agent by employing a 32 factorial design. The validation results obtained for the assay of rhein in polyherbal formulation showed that the developed HPLC method was precise and accurate.