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KONGEMOSE FLINT TECHNOLOGY IN THE EAST BALTIC AREA. SOME EXAMPLES FROM LITHUANIAN STONE AGE SITES
Get PDFThis article presents data on Kongemose culture material which has been found in Lithuania but not yet studied. Based on material from west, east and south Lithuania Stone Age settlements, the aim is to acknowledge the existence of this culture’s technology during the Atlantic period in the east Baltic region. The use-wear method was also used for a more detailed analysis. The results of the article contain versions of the emergence and development of rhombus-shaped arrowhead technology in the east Baltic during the Stone Age period.Key words: Kongemose and Nemunas cultures, microlithic technology, Late Mesolithic-Early Neolithic, use-wear, Lithuania.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v25i0.183
THE ELKS OF ŠVENTOJI: TAKING ANOTHER CLOSER LOOK
Get PDFThe elk staff is a characteristic Stone Age artefact from the Baltic region. The most elegant specimens have been found in the Olenij Ostrov burial site and various Stone Age sites in Šventoji. In 2016, the use-wear of artefacts found in the Stone Age sites of Šventoji was studied microscopically under a magnification factor of 690. The research effort also resulted in the successful dating of one of the staves found at the third archaeological site of Šventoji. The article presents the results and findings of the study, supplementing what is already known about the artefacts.Key words: Šventoji, Stone Age, elk staffs, use-wear analysis, radiocarbon dating.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v25i0.183
TĖVŲ ŠVIETIMAS IKIMOKYKLINĖSE UGDYMO ĮSTAIGOSE: LŪKESČIAI IR REALYBĖ
Get PDFEducation of a child begins in the family, and a pre-school institution helps to educate, expands his/ her social experience, provides conditions to learn to live inside a small community of children. In institutions of pre-school education, pedagogues provide qualified pedagogical psychological support to parents. Collaboration of pedagogues and parents helps to strive for the same aim, brings all participants of education closer. Only reciprocal trust between education institution and family as well as their collaboration ensure successful formation of a child’s personality. The aim of the research is to reveal how education of parents proceeds in a pre-school institution, how education of parents could be improved.Aiming to identify the concept of parents, what education of parents means, to identify the forms of its implementation in pre-school education institutions and how it could be improved, the following research methods have been applied:Review of scientific literature (to reveal the theoretical context);Standardised interview (to collect data of the empirical research);Content analysis of empirical data.The article consists of two parts. The first part defines the concept of education of parents and discusses possibilities for involvement of parents in education of children and its significance in development of child’s personality. The second part presents the research methods and organisation and introduces results of the qualitative research. On the ground of the empirical research, the article identifies the concept of parents, what education of parents is, what forms are used to implement it in pre-school education institutions attended by their children, possibilities to improve education of parents. The article is finalised with conclusions.Key words: education of parents, involvement of parents, forms of education of parents, child’s personality, education of children, institution of pre-school education.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/andragogy.v8i0.172
OFICIALAUS IR PASLĖPTO CURRICULUM RAIŠKA AUKŠTOJO MOKSLO STUDIJŲ EDUKACINĖSE APLINKOSE TAIKANT MOKYMOSI BENDRADARBIAUJANT PRINCIPUS
Get PDFHigher education curriculum has been a subject of various disputes in the scholar literature. Official curriculum (such as study programme description, syllabus, study material) and unplanned hidden curriculum that occurs in during the learning process. Official curriculum defines learning goals, tasks, methods and learning outcomes. Meanwhile actual learning process contains not only the official parts of the curriculum, but also knowledge that is created and shared during learning process, especially in collaborative learning environments. That leads to assumption, that collaboration between learners and knowledge sharing is a condition for hidden curriculum to appear. In this article, a problem question is analysed: what elements of collaborative learning enables hidden curriculum in study educational environments? Main goal, using scholar literature analysis, to define the balance between official and hidden curriculum in collaborative learning environments. The article looks into the definitions of official and hidden curriculum and applications in study environments. Certain variations of collaborative learning allow to reach different levels of interaction (and hidden curriculum). The application of collaborative learning in study process has to be well guided and balanced, encouraging students to work in homogenous groups seeking for one well defined purpose.KEY WORDS: official and hidden curriculum, collaborative learning, higher education, educational environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v78i1.175
The Shift in the Lithuanian Approach towards the Russian Army, 1914–1915
Get PDFDuring the Great War, the period 1914 to 1915 was one of the most intense stages of interactionby Lithuanian society with daily life of the war, and at the same time the most active stage inmilitary action in the future Lithuania. While many men were called up into the ranks of theImperial Russian army, most of the remaining population ended up under the military authorities,experienced the requisition of their personal property, and observed (at first in the rear)intense military movements to and fro. This article looks at how the change in the front line,and the successes and failures of the armies of the Romanov Empire, contributed to the changein the image of the Russian army in the Lithuanian discourse. Features of the change arerevealed in the article by analysing both the line taken by the official press during the initialperiod of the Great War, and the assessments of the Russian army that appeared in individualreflections (diaries and memoirs). It asks how the image of the Russian army changed duringthis period, and why.KEY WORDS: First World War, Imperial Russian army, army image, discourse, war propaganda,war representation, war reception
On the Battlefield of Hygiene: The Lithuanian Medical Intelligentsia, 1914–1920
Get PDFThe article shows the First World War as a ground-breaking time for the consolidation of thenational identity of Lithuanian physicians, and their coordination as a professional group witha precise commitment to the nation and the nation-building process. While physicians’ commitmentto hygiene dates from the period prior to the outbreak of the First World War, the warcreated material conditions which enabled the widespread comprehension of the importanceof hygiene in the life of the nation, and the growth of physicians’ sense of professional-intellectualagency within the ethnic community. The need to provide medical aid in a context characterisedby epidemics and deteriorating hygiene was a precondition for much stronger coordinationamong physicians, with the aim of optimising relief efforts. Furthermore, the spreadof epidemics was used as a reason for strengthening trust between medical personnel andthe population. The difficulties which characterised health care in the early phase of the Lithuaniannation-state (lack of money, shortages, irrational features of the health-care system, etc)made the implementation of the ‘national hygiene’ programme impossible in the short term.Key words: First World War, hygiene, intelligentsia, national consolidation, national hygiene
Lietuvos Evangelikų Reformatų Bažnyčios sinodo pradinio švietimo politika 1832–1863 m. Parapinių pradžios mokyklų raidos bruožai
Get PDFDie Entstehung und Formierung der litauischen Intelligenz und ihrer Gruppierungen während des 19, Jh. ist eine der aktuellsten Forschungsthemen der gegenwärtigen Geschichtsschreibung in Litauen. Die Ausbildungspolitik der Synode und ihre Auswirkung auf das Netz der Grundschulen der litauischer reformierten Kirche zwischen den Jahren 1832 bis 1863 wird in diesem Artikel als Teil dieser Problematik untersucht.STICHWORTE: Die Evangelisch-Reformierten, Litauen, Synode, Ausbildungspolitik, Gemeinde Grundschulen
NERIMO, KAIP PIRMAPRADĖS NUODĖMĖS, RAIŠKA ŽMOGAUS SAVIVOKOJE
Get PDFThe article analyses expression of anxiety in human self-perception in the context of the original sin. This phenomenon is examined from the perspective of psychological and theological sciences considering how these two scientific branches could serve in the interpretation of the causes of human anxiety. In the context of scientific analysis a person experiences anxiety as a subconscious state which causes feelings of insecurity, helplessness and spiritual distress as a lack of the meaning of life. This anxiety has its own cause – the original sin. The conclusions of the research highlight four operational spheres of anxiety: failure to understand reality, loss of identity, guilt and shame. These issues threaten the person with non-existence, self-loss, deserved and undeserved punishment as well as fear to be estranged and isolated. Restoration of the authentic humanity is possible only by the power of the divine Incarnation.KEY WORDS: anxiety, human self-perception, sin, evil
MUNICIPAL INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT FACILITATION IN lATVIA: PILOTING PUBLIC MULTI-THEMATICAL MONITORING
Get PDFThis paper contains a pilot study on coastal values and potential means of determining and characterising them in the terms of coastal planning and management. The research case study took place in the coastal region of North East Latvia – in the municipality of Salacgriva. The municipality coast is very diverse: coastal access, landscape and the whole biogeography is changing very much along the whole 54 km, being also rich in various natural and cultural heritage assets. Such great coastal variety in the limits of one administrative territory does require very selective governance approaches and dynamic management to be realized by local administration, which has very limited necessary capacities of all type, alike other rural coastal municipalities in Latvia. Also, there is very limited coastal information as well as assessment/interpretation capacities. All this requires mandatory development of municipal coastal monitoring and information/science-policy interface, to be based on general System Analysis Framework (SAF) application, first, on social-ecological system approach, and, second, including necessary developments of stakeholder participation and bottom-up governance approaches and, at the first, developing of the public monitoring (citizen science approach, e.g., Eco schools alike public representatives, etc.) capacities and methodologies. There has been developed an initial proposal for a new and multi-thematic coastal core area monitoring and governance tool. Coastal resources were assessed using a coastal value-based prioritisation tool, which generates knowledge of the mutual connection among various social-ecological resources/assets along the shore. During the study, data was collected along the municipal coastline taking into account the elements characterising the beach and shoreline landscape, as well as the distribution of invasive plant species, algae and plants washed up by the sea, as well as waste created by people along the coast. This data was subsequently collated, described, and combined with separate conclusions made based on beach visitors’ interviews that were conducted along the entire Latvian coast as well as interviews of the Salacgriva municipality’s main stakeholder groups. Information was also obtained from the analysis of documents seeking to facilitate development of a multi-thematic coastal value prioritisation tool and to distinguish coastal management priorities that can be set as proposals to coastal governments for developing a sustainable and more integrated coastal management background.Keywords: coastal resources, coastal values, public monitoring, integrated coastal management.JEL CODES: Q, Q5, Q56, Q58.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v23i1.168
VISUOMENĖS EKOLOGINIS ŠVIETIMAS DARNIOS PLĖTROS KONTEKSTE
Get PDFDarnia plėtra siekiama išsaugoti ne tik dabarties žmonijos, bet ir ateities kartų galimybes tenkinti savo poreikius, pagrįstus žmogaus vertybėmis. Siekdamas darnios plėtros, žmogus negali ignoruoti socialinių ir ekonominių aspektų, nes tai tampa jo gerovės pagrindu, kartu saugant gamtą su visais jos ištekliais. Ekologinis švietimas padeda suvokti esamos ekologinės problematikos, pasiekusios kritinį lygį, mastą ir pavojus. Dėl klaidingo požiūrio į ekologinį švietimą daugelis žmonių turi menkai išvystytą poreikį praktiškai spręsti ekologines problemas, nes požiūris į gamtą dažnai yra vartotojiškas. Siekiant formuoti ekologinį sąmoningumą, reikia žmonių, kurie išmanytų ekologiją, būtų racionaliai mąstantys, gebėtų priimti teisingus, pagrįstus sprendimus. Tai kelia naujus uždavinius švietimo sistemai, kurių sprendimas padės teigiamai keisti socialines ir ekologines sąlygas, politinį ir ideologinį gyvenimą. Švietimas, išryškinantis žmogaus dorybes, prisidedantis prie visuomenės raidos, suteikiantis žinių apie žmogaus savigarbą, charakterį ir socialinę elgseną, tampa akstinu gelbėti pasaulį. Ekologinio švietimo ir ekologinės kultūros potencialo derinys gali ir turi būti pagrindas, ugdant šiuolaikinio žmogaus sąmoningumą ir jo kūrybinę mąstyseną.PAGRINDINIAI ŽODŽIAI: švietimas, ekologinis švietimas, darni plėtra, visuomenė.JEL KLASIFIKACIJA: I21, I29, I31; Q01, Q1, Q15DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v25i2.174