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MOKSLINIS POŽIŪRIS Į JŪRŲ LYDERYSTĘ
Recenzija knygai. Lileikis, S. (2018). Jūrų lyderystė: vertybės, psichologija, saviugda. Monografija. Klaipėda: LAJM
Kurland im Horizont der Reformation: Resonanz – Korrelation – Interaktion
There was no ideal or typical way of establishing the Reformation in Europe, while Church reformin East Central Europe cannot be attributed solely to the influence of the ideas from Wittenberg.Much more important than looking for a causal relationship is to analyse the responses,correlations and interactions. This is done in the article by looking for an answer to the questionwhy Protestantism established itself relatively late in the geographical area called Courland (Kurland,present-day Kurzeme), and more precisely how the creation of the Duchy of Courland andSemigallia (1561–1562) was connected with the establishment of the Evangelical Church in thisregion. In looking for an answer, the article outlines the challenges faced by the Teutonic Order’sdomains in Livonia during the Reformation in the first half of the 16th century. It explores theactivities of Gotthard Kettler, the last Master of the Teutonic Order in Livonia (1559–1561), in theconversion to Protestantism, and the creation of the Duchy. Finally, the article discusses how‘the princely Reformation’ that created new confessional and cultural realities in the northeast ofCentral Europe during the second half of the 16th century manifested itself in a specific region.KEY WORDS: Teutonic Order, Livonian Confederation, Gotthard Kettler, Duchy of Courland andSemigallia, Reformation
(Review) Knyga apie Antrojo pasaulinio karo atmintis ir atminčių karus Lietuvoje
Book review MAKHOTINA, Ekaterina. Erinnerungen an den Krieg – Krieg der Erinnerungen: Litauen und der Zweite Weltkrieg (Schnittstellen – Studien zum östlichen und südöstlichen Europa, Bd. 4). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co, 2017. 478 S. – ISBN 978-3-525-30090-
Some Comments on the Formation of Medieval Warriors in Baltic and Finnish societies (in the 12th and Early 13th Centuries)
The first part of the article presents historiographical problems relating to the warrior classes in Baltic and Finnish societies. In the second and third parts, it analyses Balt and Finnish societies relating to the formation of the warrior classes, with regard to the relationship between the chief/nobleman and the warriors, the meaning of the management of property and inheritance, and the vertical formation of relationships between noblemen and warriors. The written sources presented in the article show that at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, there was a stable institution of management and inheritance of property, which enabled noblemen and the warriors subordinate to them to increase their power with regard to other members of the community. This provided conditions for the formation of a ‘military democracy’, where the most important decisions concerning the community are approved not by all free members of the community, but by the noblemen and warriors subordinate to them. The basic idea of the article is that the ‘inheritance’ of the power/status of the noblemen is related to the right to inherit property (the castle and the surrounding territory, the homeland). It should be noted that by relating the management and inheritance of property to ‘inherited’ and acquired power, a vertical relationship appears between the nobleman and the warrior, which is based on subordination, not on consensus.Key words: Baltic and Finnish societies, warriors, vertical power/subordination relationships, real estate, hill-fort/castle
AN EVALUATION OF HEALTH CARE SERVICE PROVIDER WEBSITES IN LATVIA – A MEDICAL TOURISM PERSPECTIVE
The prospective health care consumers are increasingly using the Internet websites for communication with potential health care service providers and decision-making regarding choice of the travel destination for receiving particular health care services. Therefore, it is important for health care providers to present themselves and their services efficiently online in order to attract foreign patients and thus facilitate medical tourism. The objective of this study is to evaluate the website content of Latvian health care providers who offer services to medical tourists in order to evaluate their status-quo and identify opportunities to improve website design. Authors used the framework by Huerta et al. (2016) as a basis to develop a modified framework suited for medical tourism-related website evaluation. 21 active websites associated with a medical tourism and provision of health care services to foreign patients were identified and selected for analysis. Each website was evaluated using a 10-factor assessment on 4 dimensions that include website accessibility, content, marketing, technology on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Results: Scores of 21 website evaluation ranged from 54 to 91 point across all 4 dimensions with 80 and above points being considered as excellent result. Conclusions: Study findings indicated that the main improvements should be related to accessibility dimension and enabling text resizing function for improving experience for patients with poor sight, information dimension in terms of developing a separate main level section with information exclusively for foreign patients, and marketing dimension to improve effectiveness of search engine optimization (SEO) for medical tourism related keywords.KEYWORDS: health care, marketing, internet, medical tourism.JEL CODES: I11, L83, M31DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v29i3.199
Pratarmė
Žurnalo Res Humanitariae 25-ajame numeryje publikuojami naujausi lietuvių ir užsienio šalių humanitarinių mokslų atstovų tyrimai, skirti šiuolaikinio folkloro, muzikologijos ir kalbotyros problemoms nagrinėti
HUMANISTINIO DVASINGUMO RYŠYS SU AUKLĖJIMO ŠEIMOJE PATIRTIMIS
The current study (N = 514) explores the relationship between humanistic spirituality as it is conceptualised in the proposed Humanistic Spirituality Model and parenting experiences defined herein as authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, parental behavioural and psychological control as well as secure and insecure parental and adult attachment styles. The study has found that of the three parenting styles, only the authoritative style is a significant positive predictor of spirituality, though secure attachment in adulthood and the two demographic variables, age and female gender, serve as even more salient predictors. Both parents’ behavioural and psychological control forms do not predict humanistic spirituality, whereas secure attachment to the mother furthers spirituality indirectly as it is a significant predictor of one of the most important determinants of spirituality, secure attachment in adulthood.KEY WORDS: Humanistic spirituality, self-actualisation, transcendence, meaning in life, parenting styles, psychological control, behavioural control, attachment styles.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v82i1.195