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Enabling identity: The challenge of presenting the silenced voices of repressed groups in philosophic communities of inquiry
No full textThis article seeks to contribute to the challenge of presenting the silenced voices of excluded groups in society by means of a philosophic community of inquiry composed primarily of children and young adults. It proposes a theoretical model named ‘enabling identity’ that presents the stages whereby, under the guiding role played by the community of philosophic inquiry, the hegemonic meta-narrative of the mainstream society makes room for the identity of members of marginalised groups. The model is based on the recognition of diverse narratives within a web of communal narratives that does not favour the meta-narrative. It reports on the experiences of moderators and students from weak and excluded sectors of society in two countries whose participation in communities of philosophical inquiry gave them not only a “voice” but also a presence and identity
Behavioural Observation as a Means of Assessing Sleepiness Related Driving Impairment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
No full textThis study compared the temporal pattern of collateral behaviours (actions not directly related to task performance) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) drivers under monotonous driving conditions following sleep restriction versus normal sleep. Seventeen patients with untreated severe OSA completed a 90-minute driving simulator task during mid-afternoon under two experimental conditions: prior normal habitual sleep (~8h) and prior sleep restriction (4h time in bed). Steering deviation and crash events were identified using a driving simulator. Collateral behaviours (self-centred gestures, non-verbal facial activities, postural adjustments, ludic activities and eye closures) were identified using video recording and a behavioural ethogram. Participants demonstrated increased steering deviation over the drive (p<0.001) and following sleep restriction (p<0.001). All collateral behaviours, except non-verbal facial activities, increased over the drive (all p<0.01). Compared to normal sleep condition, the incidence rate was 2.1 times higher for eye closures (95%CI 1.75-2.60) and 1.5 times higher for postural adjustments (95%CI 1.29-1.72) following sleep restriction, while ludic behaviours reduced by 50% (IRR 0.53, 95%CI 0.36-0.78), all p<0.01. In the 10 minute period prior to simulator crash events, eye closure frequency increased compared to equivalent periods without a crash event 2.1 (95%CI 1.4-3.8, p<0.01). Kaplain-Meier analyses showed a progressive cessation of non-verbal facial activities leading up to crash events (c²=6.2, p=0.013). Although eye-closure appears to be a more sensitive marker of poor vigilance, behavioural observation could provide a novel further method for assessing vigilance failure in OSA and could assist in the development of novel video-based in-car devices for detection of driver sleepiness/fatigue
Mandatory Notification of Child Abuse and Neglect: Perspectives From Psychology
No full textThis comment responds to the primary article by Vanessa Deverson in this volume by giving some insights into the problem of mandatory reporting from the perspective of psychology. Parts I and II provide a survey of the legal and ethical requirements imposed on psychologists to report suspected child abuse and neglect. The article then moves on in Part III to discuss the way that psychologists balance the need to maintain client confidentiality with their duties to report. The article argues that lawyers should have the option to report child abuse and neglect, but warns that, before any reporting of child abuse and neglect can be successful, a vast improvement in the management of notifications is essential.
Impact of an enclosure rotation on the activity budgets of two zoo-housed giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): An observational case study
No full textThe husbandry technique of environmental enrichment is often used as a way to introduce novel stimuli into the routines of zoo-housed animals, yet objective evaluation of such techniques is rarely undertaken or reported. This study used behavioural observation methodologies to evaluate the impact of an enclosurerotation as enrichment on the activity budgets of two captive giant pandas, Funi and Wang Wang, housed at the Adelaide Zoo in South Australia. Instantaneous time sampling methods were used to record the giant pandas’ behaviour and location in enclosure at 180-second intervals over a total of 180 hours (132 baseline hours, 48 post-intervention hours). Following the enclosure rotation, Funi demonstrated a reduction in performance of stereotypic pacing (from 11% of scans at baseline to 4% of scans post-intervention), as well as a notable decrease in frequency of performance of stereotypic somersaults with this aberrant behaviour ceasing completely on the 8th day of data collection post-enclosure rotation. Whilst Wang Wang’s performance of stereotypic pacingremained comparably stable across the study period (about 6 – 7% of scans), the enclosure rotation led to a marked increase in sexual communication behaviours and moderate increases in overall activity. Findings from this case study indicate that enclosure rotations may be an effective behavioural enrichment techniquefor reducing performance of stereotypic behaviours and increasing behavioural repertoire and activity in zoohoused giant pandas
The Limits of Criminal Law And Justice ‘Revenge Porn’ Criminalisation, Hybrid Responses, And The Ideal Victim
No full textThis comment is a response to Alyse Dickson’s article in this volume entitled ‘Revenge Porn: A Victim Focused Response’. Part I considers the challenges that ‘revenge pornography’ raises and considers the difficulties of controlling aberrant sexualised conduct in circumstances where modern technology provides an almost limitless capacity to capture and distribute private images. Part II looks at the wider socio-cultural context, the gendered and sexualised assumptions of hetero-normativity and warns of the risks of overlooking ‘hidden’ individuals or groups that do not align with normative discourses of the ideal victim
Response to Vanessa Deverson On 'Child Abuse And Neglect: Mandatory Reporting And The Legal Profession'
No full textThis comment responds to Vanessa Deverson’s article titled ‘Child Abuse and Neglect: Mandatory Reporting and the Legal Profession’ and examines whether it is desirable for lawyers to be required to report child abuse and neglect that may be revealed by their clients. The comment begins by articulating the role of the legal profession, and explains how it differs from other professions. Part I explains that an obligation to report child abuse would fundamentally change the role of the legal profession in defending or asserting the rights, liberties and liabilities of their clients. Part II argues that even if mandatory reporting were to be brought in, it would be unlikely achieve its intended purpose because it would create suspicion towards the legal profession and undermine its role. The final Part discusses current South Australian draft legislation aimed at protecting children and argues that this may be a more appropriate route. The comment concludes that current Northern Territory reporting laws do not belong in a legal system that depends on clients having confidence in their lawyers
Editorial
No full textJournal of Educational Enquiry, Vol 15 No 1.
It has been a long time between drinks, with Vol 14 No 3 coming out in late 2015. With this edition the journal is trialling a new approach to online publishing, by presenting those papers that have been submitted, reviewed, revised and edited and are ready to be published, rather than waiting until we have enough for a full edition. This means that this current volume will have articles added as they come online, making it a rolling edition rather than one that is fully complete. We feel that this way the articles and the research and topics that they cover will be more current and provide the authors with the opportunity for more immediate dialogue with our readers
Questioning oral English as a curriculum goal
No full textIn English language classrooms across the globe, the goals and methods of Communicative Language Teaching are firm policy priorities. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) prioritises the language used by native speakers and makes oral language competence a primary goal. This paper reports on a study of English language teaching at three national universities in China where recent policy reforms have taken up CLT and prioritised listening and speaking over reading. This study investigates the attitudes of teachers and students towards the policy and their views on English language teaching. While generally supportive of the goal of improving oral language competence, concerns are raised about the policy in terms of the context in which the learning takes place and the kind of English young professionals need for their future work, concerns that are supported in the literature. The article argues that, in countries like China where English functions as a foreign language, written English needs to remain a priority for English education of future professionals who must participate in a global English context for the exchange of ideas about their work
What then must we do? Rethinking social inclusion policy for educational attainment in South Australia
No full textThis paper enquires into the internal logics and outcomes of a key educational retention policy mandate within South Australia’s (SA) 14 year social inclusion (SI) policy agenda, with subsequent recommendations offered to improve schooling engagement and life opportunities for ‘at-risk’ young people post-school. We argue that the last 14 years of social inclusion policy in SA has been highly successful in re-engaging and retaining more ‘at-risk’ young people in various forms of secondary schooling, but that this increase in retention has not been matched by a similar increase in educational attainment (successful school completion). As a consequence, we contend that the SA SI policy lens should be turned toward the possibilities of conventional secondary schools to learn from various alternative schooling programs and redesign themselves in more socially just ways to keep more young people positively engaged and successful in schooling. Whilst SI policy with its engagement in learning intent has succeeded in keeping a larger percentage of ‘at-risk’ young people engaged in negotiated learning programs beyond the ‘school fence’, we argue that with reduced teacher involvement and constrained curricula offerings in these negotiated learning programs, the policy approach inadvertently minimises their chances of successful school completion. We conclude by offering findings from recent research demonstrating more hopeful ways to improve school completion for ‘at-risk’ young people inside non-conventional secondary schools, articulated by seven SA secondary school principals courageously pursuing ‘doing schooling differently’ agendas
Can pregnant women accurately report snoring? A pilot study
No full textSleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) has been associated with possible negative outcomes, such as preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. SDB screening tools have been developed for use within general populations. These included the use of self-reports and objective measurements. Seventeen pregnant women within their 34th to 37th week of pregnancy were recruited.Participants undertook an overnight study within their home and SDB symptoms were monitored using the Watch-PAT 200 and an infra-red video camera. The women were administered an online questionnaire comprised of the Multivariable Apnea Risk Index (MAP Index) and the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ). More than half of our participants (n = 10) were identified as snorers while much fewer (n = 4) met the current cut off for diagnosis of mild SDB. Investigation of concordance and predictive value of self-report measures compared to standard video-scoring and Watch-PAT 200 determined SDB indicators suggests that self-reports may not provide an accurate assessment of SBD symptoms in late pregnancy. Self-report in this study, resulted in an underestimation of the number of participants who experienced SDB symptoms. This was a pilot study, with a small sample size. However, our study lends weight to others that found poor predictive value of common scales to detect SDB in pregnancy. Future study is therefore needed to validate screening tools, which may need to be a combination of measures