Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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A Review on Ranking of Z-numbers
No full textThere are numerous studies about Z-numbers since its inception in 2011. Because Z-number concept reflects human ability to make rational decisions, Z-number based multi-criteria decision making problems are one of these studies. When the problem is translated from linguistic information into Z-number domain, the important question occurs that which Z-number should be selected. To answer this question, several ranking methods have been proposed. To compare the performances of these methods, benchmark set of fuzzy Z-numbers has been created in time. There are relatively new methods that their performances are not examined yet on this benchmark problem. In this paper, we worked on these studies which are relative entropy based Z-number ranking method and a method for ranking discrete Z-numbers. The authors tried to examine their performances on the benchmark problem and compared the results with the other ranking algorithms. The results are consistent with the literature, mostly. The advantages and the drawbacks of the methods are presented which can be useful for the researchers who are interested in this area
A Mathematical Theory of Big Data
No full textThis article presents a cardinality approach to big data, a fuzzy logicbased approach to big data, a similarity-based approach to big data, and a logical approach to the marketing strategy of social networking services. All these together constitute a mathematical theory of big data. This article also examines databases with infinite attributes. The research results reveal that relativity and infinity are two characteristics of big data. The relativity of big data is based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The relativity of big data leads to the continuum from small data to big data, big data-driven small data analytics to become statistical significance. The infinity of big data is based on the calculus and cardinality theory. The infinity of big data leads to the infinite similarity of big data. The proposed theory in this article might facilitate the mathematical research and development of big data, big data analytics, big data computing, and data science with applications in intelligent business analytics and business intelligence
Сomputational Experience Optimization of Colors in Complex Fractal Images in Carpet Design Using the Simplex Method
No full textThis article proposes a new approach based on linear programming optimization to solve the problem of determining the color of a complex fractal carpet pattern. The principle is aimed at finding suitable dyes for mixing and their exact concentrations, which, when applied correctly, gives the desired color. The objective function and all constraints of the model are expressed linearly according to the solution variables. Carpet design has become an emerging technological field known for its creativity, science and technology. Many carpet design concepts have been analyzed in terms of color, contrast, brightness, as well as other mathematical concepts such as geometric changes and formulas. These concepts represent a common process in the carpet industry. This article discusses the use of complex fractal images in carpet design and simplex optimization in color selection
Companies and Sustainable Development: The Adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Management of Environmental Risks
No full textThe choice of the environmental risk management instrument to be used within the scope of corporate governance in companies is of paramount importance to avoid or mitigate the triple environmental responsibility to which they are exposed. In this sense, the following research problem arises: The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), an instrument of the National Environment Policy and a model of environmental risk management adopted by some companies, proves to be efficient, effective and effective for the fulfillment of the duty to protect the environmental balance and, therefore, for sustainable development? The present study aims to elucidate this research problem. To this end, analyzes were carried out on risk and environmental damage, from a perspective of the socioenvironmental function of companies today; the need for a new posture by companies in view of the reflexes of environmental risks in business activity; and the question of the adequacy or inadequacy of the EIA as an instrument of the National Environment Policy and as a model for managing environmental risks and damages, in the pursuit of sustainable development. The method of approach used was the deductive one, and the research was carried out using the method of bibliographic procedure, through which research was carried out on books, scientific articles and legislation. The result points out the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the EIA for the management of environmental risks and, thus, for the fulfillment of the duty to protect the environmental balance by companies
Comparative Analysis on Road Users’ Cost Using HDM-4 Software and Manual Technique: A Case of Addis Ababa-Adama Expressway
No full textContinuous changes in vehicle technology, road condition, traffic compositions initiate the change or updating of road users’ cost models. So that it needs to practice a continuous revision or update periodically for realistic estimation of costs and benefits. This paper presented the relationship and comparison between road users’ cost along Addis Ababa-Adama newly constructed expressway using the Highway Development and Management (HDM-4) Software and manually using formulations developed in the Portuguese model. The method started with data collection. All input data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary data utilized an interview, and secondary data were sourced out from pertinent documents, both published and unpublished. More data were gathered that related to vehicles. The vehicles using the road are classified based on the manual from the Ethiopian Road Authority as cars, utilities, small bus, large bus, small truck, medium truck, heavy truck, and truck trailer. The collected data have been input into the HDM-4 interface; the output of the analysis was vehicle operating costs, travel time, and road users’ cost as a summation. Using manual technique and HDM-4 Software, Birr 128.62/km/vehicle and Birr 139.23/km/vehicle, respectively, were found from road users’ costs analysis. The result shows the difference of Birr 10.61. Also, the correlation coefficient of 0.75 is determined, which shows that the two results of road users’ costs are highly related. As a result, the study reveals that the application of HDM-4 Software and the manual technique formulations from the Portuguese model can be adopted interchangeably to calculate Road Users’ Cost of road sections in Ethiopia. Hence, the study results are expected to be an eye-opener for a future similar project by the concerned agencies
RETRACTED: Physico-chemical Characteristics of the Soils in Three Church Forest of Central Ethiopia
No full textThe description of the Retraction: Original article is retracted due to the detected the findings are unreliable, and the result of major error. This decision has been approved by the editor-in-chief and the author. Retraction note DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v2i4.2368Retraction Date: January 18, 2022
Relationship between Physico-Chemical Parameters and the Population Distribution of Fresh Water Snails in Amassoma Community and Niger Delta University Campuses, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
No full textEvaluating the presence of fresh water snails in a location is germane in establishing a snail-borne disease control program. The purpose of the study was to see how physicochemical parameters influenced the population distribution of four fresh water snails (Lymnaea natalensis, Bulinus globosus, Biomphalaria pfeiffer, and Melanoides spp.) in the Amassoma community and Niger Delta University between March, 2021 and May 2021. Snails were gathered by plucking and scooping them by hand. Snail was identified using standard pictorial keys. Physicochemical of the water of the snail habitat were measured using standard in-situ apparatus across eight sites. Physico chemical measured were temperature, pH, conductivity, BOD, turbidity, salinity, and alkalinity. A total of 258 snails were gathered from the eight (8) different sites. In all sites, Lymnaea natalensis was more abundant. Bulinus globosus, Biomphalaria pfeiffer, and Melanoides spp. were among the other snails discovered. Lymnaea had negative correlation with pH, conductivity, BOD, and alkalinity and a positive correlation with salinity and temperature. Bulinus had a positive relationship with pH, salinity, and conductivity and a negative correlation with temperature, turbidity, BOD, and alkalinity. Biomphalaria had a positive correlation with temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, and alkalinity Melanoides had positive correlations with Temperature, pH, salinity, BOD, and alkalinity and a negative correlation with turbidity and concentration. The was correlation between snails and snails. The presence of these snails suggests that the Amassoma village and Niger Delta University campuses are potential hotspots for a variety of snail-borne diseases
Effects of Mountain Rivers Cascade Hydropower Stations on Water Ecosystems
No full textChina is rich in hydropower resources, and mountain rivers have abundant water resources and huge development potential, which have a profound impact on the pattern of water resources allocation in China. As the main way of water resources and hydropower development, the construction of cascade hydropower stations, while meeting the requirements of water resources utilization for social development, has also brought adverse effects on river ecosystems. Therefore, the impact of the construction of cascade hydropower stations on mountainous river ecosystems, where the minimum ecological flow of rivers must be ensured and reviewed. In addition, this paper proposed the deficiencies and outlooks for cascade hydropower stations based on previous research results
Seagrass Meadows under the Changing Climate: A Review of the Impacts of Climate Stressors
No full textSeagrass meadows provide important ecological functions, particularly by serving as carbon sinks and breeding grounds for marine species. Climate change has threatened seagrass communities, causing their replacement, loss and increased vulnerability. This review examined scholarly articles published between 2010-2021 to comprehensively present the impacts of climate change on seagrass meadows. It shows that ocean warming negatively affects seagrass communities by favouring communities of lower structuring capacities, thus reducing the effectiveness of their ecological functions. Ocean warming also promotes the propagation and spread of invasive species, and changes the trophic structures leading to further loss of seagrasses of value. Higher seawater temperature is associated with shoot mortality and retarded growth of certain seagrasses. Sea level rise causes more wave energy to be received by coastal seagrass communities, thus, creating more damage to the communities. Deepening sea limits light penetration and alters distribution of seagrass meadows. Carbon dioxide enrichment of seawater increases photosynthetic rate of seagrasses but ocean warming and acidification counteract this beneficial effect. Carbon dioxide enrichment affects different seagrass species and different parts of a seagrass species differently, and, where beneficial to seagrass communities, could enhance their ecological services. Temperature extremes could kill seagrasses while marine heatwaves and flooding could act synergistically to increase carbon demand of certain seagrasses and unfavourably change their biomass. These impacts are often aggravated by anthropogenic activities. This review calls for more studies and conservation efforts to understand the impacts of climate change on seagrass communities and future-proof them against the changing climate
Activated Carbon Precursors Derived from Jute Fiber: Social, Economic and Environmental Development
No full textActivated carbon fiber (ACF) is undoubtedly one of the most significant carbon nanocomposite materials to consider from the perspective of application in adsorption. Compared to other commercial porous storage materials, it offers many benefits. With a fiber-like shape and a clearly defined porosity structure, activated carbon fiber (ACF) is a potential microporous material. In general, synthetic carbon fiber (CF) can be used to commercially make ACF with the inclusion of an activation procedure. High packing density, outstanding volumetric capacity, rapid adsorption/ desorption, and ease of handling are some of the unique properties of ACF. The production expenses of ACF are made up of fiber processing costs and activation costs, both of which are comparatively more expensive than those of other activated carbons. Recently, researchers have indicated that the manufacturing of ACF from less expensive precursors might be accomplished by preparing activated carbon (AC) from agricultural wastes. In comparison to synthetic ACF, there were fewer details and publicly accessible sources of information about these natural fiber derived ACF. The cost of processing fiber is higher and shaping fiber into the correct shape is challenging. In this study, social and environmental compliance, economic development, advantages of carbon fiber,and applications of carbon fiber are discussed