Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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Climate Change Impacts on Water Resource and Air Pollution in Kabul Sub-basins, Afghanistan
No full textThis Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Air Pollution,research is carried out to analysis Hydro-meteorological and groundwater data in Kabul Sub-basins, Afghanistan. The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of climate change effects on surface and to,groundwater resources and air pollutions, these data are collected from diferent Hydrometeoroiogical stations and observations in Kabul Subbasins for different years (1957 to 2017). For completion this research they used two categories of data analysis; one is hydro meteorological analysis,and the other is groundwater level analysis. In hydro meteorological analysis air temperature, rainfall and discharge have been recovered by this research in Kabul Sub-basins, a number of air temperature, rainfall,discharge of surface water and groundwater are changes due to climate changes from 1957 to 2017. For climate changes effects this article used air pollution data of national, international development bank of Asia,WHO standards and parameters; PM2.5, PM10, TSP, NO2, SO2, O3, CO and Pb. From comparing PM10 are very higher in the air of Afghanistan. The discharge of Panjsher river due to glacier melting and climate changes increasing. The challenges during this research are lack of equipment.
Source Area Weathering and Tectonic History Inferred from the Geochemistry of the Maastrichtian Sandstone from Patti Formation, Southern Bida Basin, North Central Nigeria
No full textSandstones sampled from Patti Formation, Southern Bida Basin, were studied geochemically using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-AES) and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique to evaluate their weathering and tectonic setting as well as to deduce the paleo-climatic conditions that existed during their deposition. Geochemically, SiO2 range from 73.9% to 86.2%, Al2O3 (6.7%~17.1%), Fe2O3 (1.1%~1.9%), K2O (0.1%~0.7%) while MgO, CaO, Na2O, P2O5, MnO and TiO2 were <1%. Enriched in Ba (Av. 622.94), Sr (Av. 153.63), Rb (Av. 55.08) and Zr (Av. 51.86) relatively similar in composition to UCC. High SiO2 but low other major oxides signify high mobility during processes of weathering. This was confirmed by high value (>80%) for indices like chemical index of alteration, chemical index of weathering, plagioclase index of alteration, mineralogical index of alteration and relatively lower values for weathering index of parker, recently used alpha indices (αAl E) of sodium (326.17αΑl Na<344.40), magnesium (100.54αΑl mg<398.55), calcium (12.07αΑl Ca<198.99), potassium (4.43αΑl K<64.33), strontium (0.84αΑl E<21.40), barium (0.45 αΑl Ba<10.52) and rubidium (0.0008αΑl Rb<0.06), supported by AI2O3-(CaO*+Na2O)-K2O and CIA vs. SiO2 plots that imply intense weathering in the source area. The obtained high CIA values (>80) indicates a steady-state of weathering under a warm/humid climate as confirmed by the SiO2 vs. Al2O3+ K2O + Na2O plot. High average SiO2 (75.41wt%) with K2O/Na2O ratio >1 (15.63), low Fe2O3 (1.27wt %), Al2O3 (15.82wt%) and TiO2 (0.46) suggest passive margin tectonic setting. This is supported by enriched ΣREE (209.64 ppm), ΣLREE (195.78), LREE/HREE (27.78) and negative Eu/Eu* (0.68), plots of log (K2O/Na2O) vs. SiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 vs. K2O/Na2O. Major elements discriminant-function multi-dimensional diagram, DF1 (arcrift-col) vs. DF2 (arc-rift-col), for high-silica sediments revealed a continental rift tectonic setting. Thus, the Patti Formation sandstone underwent a high degree of weathering under a humid climatic condition within a continental rift tectonic setting
Characterization of Subsurface Lithology and Aquifer Parameters Using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) for Groundwater Development in Igbo-Imabana, Southern Nigeria
No full textVertical Electrical Soundings (VES) using Schlumberger array was carried out at fifteen (15) different points to evaluate aquifer characteristics within Igbo-Imabana, Abi L.G.A of Cross River State. Resistivity meter and its accessories were used for data acquisition. The maximum current and potential electrode distance were 400 m and 20 m respectively. The field data were interpreted using Interpex software and three to five geo-electric layers encountered within the study area. The dominant curve type was H followed by K. From the result, geo-electric layers delineated were sandstone, clay, saturated sandstone, sandy shale, clayey shale, and shale with average apparent resistivity values of 2249.94 Ωm, 2.86 Ωm, 365.28 Ωm, 222.69 Ωm, 14.60 Ωm and 59.02 Ωm respectively. The top geoelectric layer was dominantly lateritic topsoil, with variation in degrees of compaction and having an average resistivity of 876.33 Ωm with depth and thickness generally less than 5 m. The calculated aquifer parameters hydraulic conductivity (Kc), transmissivity, longitudinal conductance, and transverse resistance from the VES results show ranges values; 3.86×10–4 to 4.69×10–2 m/day, 2.95×10–3 to 2.82 m2 /day, 2.95×10–3 to 2.81 Ωm and 484.33 to 19444.83 Ω2 m respectively. The aquifer thickness and depth values range from 3.60 m to 68.05 m and 5.20 m to 76 m respectively. The study reviewed that the area is made of heterolithic/heterogenou lithofacies, confined aquifer(s), shallow and deep aquifer. Also, from the models and aquifer parameters, the area is characterized by semipervious materials. This integrally explains why the area have have low transmissivity and majority of boreholes drilled in the area failed
Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumers’ Reaction: An Experiment
No full textCompanies differ in their motivation to corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, with some companies taking a genuine, altruistic approach and others preferring an opportunistic approach (and attempting to mimic the former). If consumers can distinguish them, they will eventually reward the altruistic (being willing to pay more) and penalize the opportunistic ones. This paper performs an experimental study to assess whether differences in consumers’ willingness to pay are statistically significant for different classifications of CSR activities: i) proactive or reactive, ii) environment, employees, or social, iii) involving more or less expensive products, iv) being performed by firms facing competition or not. Results show that consumers are willing to reward CSR initiatives that follow a reactive approach; consumers’ decisions are more moderate when rewarding initiatives associated with more expensive products; the rewards provided depend on the CSR dimension; a relationship between market structure and consumers’ reaction to CSR was not found
Commercial Banks Responses toward Small and Medium Enterprises Survival in the Context of the COVID-19 in Africa
No full textThe African government has implemented measures to sustain an investable economic downturn as it navigates the fiscal effect of the viral spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consequently, commercial banks in Africa have come hand in hand toward support of SMEs activities by increasing their borrowing power and reducing interest rates. Despite all these measures the general performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) across Africa as pertains to revenues and profits has gone down. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the measures undertaken by commercial banks to ensure proper running and continuity of activities in the SMEs sector in Africa. The research is founded on the theories of innovation diffusion and resource-based theory. This study will use a mixed research design, which will include descriptive and explanatory research. The proposed target population will be Africa’s thriving commercial banks. The primary and secondary data will be used from commercial bank reports and the central bureau of statistics reports across Africa. The data will be analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The finding indicated that commercial banks in Africa have brought in solutions and measures to adapt to the crisis being implicated on the SMEs by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings of the desktop reviews, the study concludes that commercial banks have a significant influence on SMEs during this period of COVID-19, and with the assistance of the government, they have implemented more policies to support the activities of SMEs
Critical Factors in Promoting Sustainable Innovation in Bahrain
No full textDespite many initiatives to help foster innovation over the last decade, Bahrain has yet to realise its full potential, indicated by low levels of published research, patent registrations, and entrepreneurial activities. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of sustainable innovation for economic recovery. This study aimed to identify the critical factors needed to stimulate innovation, as well as any barriers. Using a case study approach, emerging findings from an online survey of participants from a range of private and government organizations were explored through in-depth interviews with selected "innovation influencers". It was found that the economic and cultural environments in Bahrain favor a conservative approach to innovation, with the opening of new market opportunities with existing products the most reported form applied. The need for a sustainable economic recovery post-pandemic has raised awareness of the importance of innovation in all its forms. The environmental factors influencing innovation are charted in an ecosystem model, with effective leadership and a national strategy identified as key components. The Innovation Ecosystem derived from this case study of Bahrain has wider applicability as a benchmarking framework. By mapping the local context against framework elements, identified gaps can usefully inform a sustainable innovation strategy at both a national and organizational level
A Study of the Guidelines for the Planning and Design of Circular Buildings
No full textCircular building is one of the key turning points in the movement of the construction industry towards sustainable development. It is a “circulation” and “human” idea aimed at balancing the construction and design of the residential environment with the responsibility and values of environmental resources and ecology. This study was focused on the formulation of planning and design guidelines that comply with the current circular building centred economy. Input from industry operatives was collected using semi-structural interviews and a pyramidal approach was employed using logical reasoning to set up planning and design objectives as well as specifications in 4 dimensions covering 12 items. The results provide substantial references for the promotion of current environmental codes compliant with circular building. They can also be used to shape up resource circulation in the construction industry, and help to meet the many needs of sustainable development in the planning and design of circular buildings
Certificateless Algorithm for Body Sensor Network and Remote Medical Server Units Authentication over Public Wireless Channels
No full textWireless sensor networks process and exchange mission-critical data relating to patients' health status. Obviously, any leakages of the sensed data can have serious consequences which can endanger the lives of patients. As such, there is need for strong security and privacy protection of the data in storage as well as the data in transit. Over the recent past, researchers have developed numerous security protocols based on digital signatures, advanced encryption standard, digital certificates and elliptic curve cryptography among other approaches. However, previous studies have shown the existence of many security and privacy gaps that can be exploited by attackers to cause some harm in these networks. In addition, some techniques such as digital certificates have high storage and computation complexities occasioned by certificate and public key management issues. In this paper, a certificateless algorithm is developed for authenticating the body sensors and remote medical server units. Security analysis has shown that it offers data privacy, secure session key agreement, untraceability and anonymity. It can also withstand typical wireless sensor networks attacks such as impersonation, packet replay and man-in-the-middle. On the other hand, it is demonstrated to have the least execution time and bandwidth requirements
Air Pollution Monitoring System Using Micro Controller Atmega 32A and MQ135 Gas Sensor at Chandragiri Municipality of Kathmandu City
No full textAir is one of the essential elements of human’s surroundings. The earth’s atmosphere is full of air which contains gases such as Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide and traces of some rare elements. But quality of the air has been degrading for some decades due to various activities conducted by the human beings that directly or indirectly affect the atmosphere leading to the air pollution. There are different techniques to measure air quality.However, with the evolution of time the expensive and less efficient analog devices have been replaced by more efficient and less expensive electronics device. In this research, MQ135 sensor is used to measure air quality of a particular location. I2C display is used to monitor the data. Indeed, with the increasing in number of vehicles, unplanned urbanization and rapid population growth, air pollution has considerably increased in the last decades in various areas of Kathmandu. Thus, this project ‘Air Pollution Monitoring System’ was focused on collection of the data specific location of Chandragiri municipality of Kathmandu city. In conclusion,analysis of the data is done with the help of origin software which shows that the Arduino device in this device works perfectly for measuring the air pollution. Air quality of the selected area is found to be less than 500 PPM which concludes that the air quality of this area is normal
Fractality of Aging of Living Systems
No full textOn the basis of the basic model of the kinetic theory of aging of living systems, mathematical modeling of various characteristics of aging of mankind, state, generation, human body, organs and cells has been carried out. These results are compared with experimental and calculated data of other authors. The analysis of the works presented here and those carried out earlier gave reason to believe that the basic mathematical model of the evolution of aging of living dynamic systems of various hierarchical levels and nature is the invariant differential equation of the kinetic theory of aging, as a manifestation of the fractality property of living systems