Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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A Doppler Location Method Based on Virtual Path Difference
No full textThis paper presents a Doppler passive location method for moving targets with fixed single station using the Doppler frequency shift and time difference information. First, based on the relationship between frequency shift and path difference, the virtual path difference is calculated from the measured value of Doppler frequency shift by means of mean value correction. Then, under the assumption that the target is moving at an average speed along a straight line, two coaxial virtual double base arrays are constructed by using the moving track of the moving target based on the method of fixed period time difference. On this basis, the moving distance of the moving target can be calculated by using the ratio relationship between the frequency difference and the radial distance between the two adjacent detection points in the middle of the array, and the linear solution of the two double base path difference positioning equations. At this point, the relative coordinate position of the moving target can be obtained by directly using the linear solution of the double base path difference positioning equation again
An Improved Power Efficient Clock Pulsed D Flip-flop Using Transmission Gate
No full textRecent digital applications will require highly efficient and high-speed gadgets and it is related to the minimum delay and power consumption. The proposed work deals with a low-power clock pulsed data flip-flop (D flip-flop) using a transmission gate. To accomplish a power-efficient pulsed D flip-flop, clock gating is proposed. The gated clock reduces the unnecessary switching of the transistors in the circuit and thus reduces the dynamic power consumption. The clock gating approach is employed by using an AND gate to disrupt the clock input to the circuit as per the control signal called Enable. Due to this process, the clock gets turned off to reduce power consumption when there is no change in the output. The proposed transmission gate-based pulsed D flip-flop’s performance with clock gating and without clock gating circuit is analyzed. The proposed pulsed D flip-flop power consumption is 1.586 µw less than the without clock gated flip-flop. Also, the authors have designed a 3-bit serial-in and parallel-out shift register using the proposed D flip-flop and analyzed the performance. Tanner Electronic Design Automation tool is used to simulate all the circuits with 45 nm technology
Deep Learning Methods Used in Remote Sensing Images: A Review
No full textUndeniably, Deep Learning (DL) has rapidly eroded traditional machine learning in Remote Sensing (RS) and geoscience domains with applications such as scene understanding, material identification, extreme weather detection, oil spill identification, among many others. Traditional machine learning algorithms are given less and less attention in the era of big data. Recently, a substantial amount of work aimed at developing image classification approaches based on the DL model's success in computer vision. The number of relevant articles has nearly doubled every year since 2015. Advances in remote sensing technology, as well as the rapidly expanding volume of publicly available satellite imagery on a worldwide scale, have opened up the possibilities for a wide range of modern applications. However, there are some challenges related to the availability of annotated data, the complex nature of data, and model parameterization, which strongly impact performance. In this article, a comprehensive review of the literature encompassing a broad spectrum of pioneer work in remote sensing image classification is presented including network architectures (vintage Convolutional Neural Network, CNN; Fully Convolutional Networks, FCN; encoder-decoder, recurrent networks; attention models, and generative adversarial models). The characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of current DL models were examined, and potential research directions were discussed
A Study of Prospective Barriers, Benefits and Measures for Building Information Modeling (BIM) Adoption in Nepalese AEC Industry
No full textThe construction industry needs modern construction methodology and technology to improve sustainability and production performance. Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology supports improving the quality of products by reducing design and construction defects, risks to the health and safety of workers, and reduce overall project cost and delivery time. The BIM has capabilities, but it is still undiscovered and unable to exploit the full scale of its benefits in the Architectural Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. There is a trend to adopt the BIM level 1, which is limited to 2D and only in a few cases 3D models uses in the design and construction of residential and commercial buildings, particularly in Nepal. Hence, this paper focuses on providing insight into the BIM benefits and identifies the potential barriers while adopting BIM Level 3 in Nepal. This was accomplished by developing a 4DBIM model of a multi-story residential building in Nepal and conducting the industry survey via focus group with the AEC professionals based on the developed 4DBIM model. A comprehensive literature review was conducted and presented the findings of the BIM benefits and barriers while adopting BIM. The study found that commercial and governmental projects can immediately be adopted BIM technology. It is concluded that the unavailability of skilled BIM users and the lack of proper policies for BIM adoption are key barriers in Nepal. Hence, the new policy is required to achieve and exploit the full scale of the BIM benefits and improve the project delivery in terms of quality, cost and time including the health and safety of workers and the sustainability of the AEC industry
Impact of Polymer Coating on the Flexural Strength and Deflection Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams
No full textLiquid polymers (LP) have become an important structural material used in the construction industry in the last decade. This paper investigates the viability of using commercially available LPs as a coating material to improve the flexural strength of fiber-modified concrete beams. The scope included preparing rectangular prism concrete beams with a concrete mixture including fly ash and fiber and coating them with four different liquid polymers at a uniform thickness following the curing process while one set of samples was maintained under the same conditions as a control group without coating. In addition, cylindrical samples were prepared to determine the compressive strength of the concrete mixture. Following the curing process in an unconfined open-air laboratory environment for another 28 days, concrete samples were tested to determine the flexural strength and deflection characteristics under center point loading equipment. The results revealed that all four coating types enhanced both the flexural strength and the average maximum deflection of the beams compared to the control group. While the enhancement in the flexural strength changed approximately between 5% and 36% depending on the coating type, the improvements in average maximum deflections varied between 3.7% and 28.4%.
Perceptions and Experiences of Adult Learners of Online Learning in the Era of COVID-19 in Ghana
No full textThe COVID-19 Pandemic has undoubtedly affected learners, and as such, adjustments need to be made for successful teaching and learning through online learning. However, in Ghana, the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic did not spare adult learners who are compelled by educational reforms to upgrade themselves academically using online learning platforms. Using a descriptive design, the study explored the perceptions and experiences of 166 (online data collection) adult learners as they pursue their academic programs through online learning. An adapted questionnaire on perceptions and online learning experiences developed by Khan, Nabi, Khojah, and Tahir (2021) was used for the data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that respondents felt confident while using online learning content but refuted that those technologies permit them to take tests and submit assignments electronically. Furthermore, the study revealed that online learning service was making the learning process very simplified. The revelation means that adult learners possess positive experiences and perceptions about online learning. Therefore, online teaching and learning in higher education institutions should be made a routine activity in Ghana even after the COVID-19 Pandemic because the world is approaching a technological world
Wavelet Analysis of Average Monthly Temperature New Delhi 1931- 2021 and Forecast until 2110
No full textThe identification method in the CurveExpert-1.40 software environment revealed asymmetric wavelets of changes in the average monthly temperature of New Delhi from 1931 to 2021. The maximum increment for 80 years of the average monthly temperature of 5.1°C was in March 2010. An analysis of the wave patterns of the dynamics of the average monthly temperature up to 2110 was carried out. For forecasting, formulas were adopted containing four components, among which the second component is the critical heat wave of India. The first component is the Mandelbrot law (in physics). It shows the natural trend of decreasing temperature. The second component increases according to the critical law. The third component with a correlation coefficient of 0.9522 has an annual fluctuation cycle. The fourth component with a semi-annual cycle shows the influence of vegetation cover. The warming level of 2010 will repeat again in 2035-2040. From 2040 the temperature will rise steadily. June is the hottest month. At the same time, the maximum temperature of 35.1°C in 2010 in June will again reach by 2076. But according to the second component of the heat wave, the temperature will rise from 0.54°C to 16.29°C. The annual and semi-annual cycles had an insignificant effect on the June temperature dynamics. Thus, the identification method on the example of meteorological observations in New Delhi made it possible to obtain summary models containing a different number of components. The temperature at a height of 2 m is insufficient. On the surface, according to space measurements, the temperature reaches 55°C. As a result, in order to identify more accurate asymmetric wavelets for forecasting, the results of satellite measurements of the surface temperature of India at various geographical locations of meteorological stations are additionally required
Petrogenesis and Rb-Sr Isotopic Characteristics of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Mirgarani Granite Sonbhadra Uttar Pradesh India: Geodynamics Implication for Supercontinent Cycle
No full textThe Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron, age 1636 ± 66 Ma of Mirgarani granite, is the one of the oldest granite dated in the northwestern part of the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC). The initial Sr ratio is 0.715 ± 0.012 (MSWD = 0.11), showing an S-type affinity. The Mirgarani granite has intruded the migmatite complex of the Dudhi Group and forms the Mirgarani formation comparable to the granites of the Bihar Mica Belt around Hazaribagh (1590 ± 30 Ma). The present studies have established the chronostratigraphy of the Dudhi Group and adjoining areas in CGGC. Petro graphic and geochemical studies revealed that the granite is enriched in Rb (271 ppm), Pb (77 ppm), Th (25 ppm), and U (33 ppm) and depleted in Sr (95 ppm), Nb (16 ppm), Ba (399 ppm) and Zr (143 ppm) contents as compared to the normal granite. The Mirgarani granite is a peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.23), high potassic (K2O 6.42%), Calc-Alkalic to Alkali-Calcic {(Na2O + K2O) - CaO = 6.29} S-Type granite, a feature supported by the presence of modal garnet and normative corundum (2.68%). The Mirgarani granite is considered to have been formed by the anatexis of a crustal sedimentary protolith at a depth of approximately 30 km with temperatures ranging from 685-700 °C during the Columbian - Nuna Supercontinent
High Energy X-Ray Dosimetry Using (ZnO)0.2(TeO2)0.8 Thin Filmbased Real-time X-Ray Sensor
No full textThis study reports the dosimetric response of a (ZnO)0.2(TeO2)0.8 thin film sensor irradiated with high-energy X-ray radiation at various doses. The spray pyrolysis method was used for the film deposition on soda-lime glass substrate using zinc acetate dehydrate and tellurium dioxide powder as the starting precursors. The structural and morphological properties of the film were determined. The I-V characteristics measurements were performed during irradiation with a 6 MV X-ray beam from a Linac. The results revealed that the XRD pattern of the AS-deposited thin film is non-crystalline (amorphous) in nature. The FESEM image shows the non-uniform shape of nanoparticles agglomerated separately, and the EDX spectrum shows the presence of Te, Zn, and O in the film. The I-V characteristics measurements indicate that the current density increases linearly with X-ray doses (0-250 cGy) for all applied voltages (1-6 V). The sensitivity of the thin film sensor has been found to be in the range of 0.37-0.94 mA/cm2 /Gy. The current-voltage measurement test for fading normalised in percentage to day 0 was found in the order of day 0 > day 15 > day 30 > day 1 > day 2. These results are expected to be beneficial for fabricating cheap and practical X-ray sensors
Importance and Risk Prediction of ABO Blood Group and Rh Factor in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
No full textObjective: There are limited data in the literature regarding the potentialrelationship between thyroid cancer and ABO blood types and Rh factor.The aim of our study was to investigate whether papillary thyroid cancer(PTC) is associated with blood type.Materials and Methods: The present study included patients who presented to Dicle University Faculty of Medicine between June 2009 andDecember 2020 and were diagnosed with PTC as a result of postoperative(thyroidectomy) histopathological analysis. The control group consisted ofindividuals whose blood type was analyzed at a random blood center.Results: Of the 223 patients diagnosed with PTC, 163 (73.1%) were females and 60 (26.9%) were males. In the comparison of patients based onABO blood types and Rh factor, A Rh positive blood type was found 31%less frequently in the PTC group compared with the control group, and thusit was associated with a lower risk of PTC (OR:0.69; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.50–0.96, p=0.029).Conclusions: In our study, we found A Rh positive blood type to be significantly less frequent among patients with PTC. A Rh positive blood type canbe considered as a protective factor indicating a reduced risk of PTC