Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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Quantum Atmospheric Biophysics: A Comparison of Four Weather Stations in India on Average Monthly Temperatures Since 1892 and Forecasts to 2150
No full textThe identification method revealed asymmetric wavelets of dynamics, as fractal quanta of the behavior of the surface air layer at a height of 2 m, according to the average monthly temperature at four weather stations in India (Srinagar, Jolhpur, New Delhi and Guvahati). For Srinagar station, the maximum for all years is observed in July, for Jolhpur and New Delhi stations it shifts to June, and for Guvahati it shifts to August. With a high correlation coefficient of 0.9659, 0.8640 and 0.8687, a three-factor model of the form was obtained. The altitude, longitude and latitude of the station are given sequentially. The hottest month for Srinagar over a period of 130 years is in July. At the same time, the temperature increased from 23.4 °C to 24.2 °C (by 3.31%). A noticeable decrease in the intensity of heat flows in June occurred at Jolhpur (over 125 years, a decrease from 36.2 °C to 33.3 °C, or by 8.71%) and New Delhi (over 90 years, a decrease from 35.1 °C to 32.4 °C, or by 7.69%). For almost 120 years, Guvahati has experienced complex climate changes: In 1902, the hottest month was July, but in 2021 it has shifted to August. The increase in temperature at various stations is considered. At Srinagar station in 2021, compared to 1892, temperatures increased in June, September and October. Guvahati has a 120-year increase in December, January, March and April. Temperatures have risen in February, March and April at Jolhpur in 125 years, but have risen in February and March at New Delhi Station in 90 years. Despite the presence of tropical evergreen forests, the area around Guvahati Station is expected to experience strong warming
Estimation and Analysis of Structural Responses of Asphalt Pavement Using Interlayer Contact Bonding Model
No full textInterlayer contact condition of asphalt pavement has a significant impact on stress transfer and energy dissipation with adjacent layers, so a model considering with the bonding condition of adjacent layers is introduced for evaluating structural response of asphalt pavement. The pavement structure, the material characterization with temperature, the interlayer contact bonding model, the types of bond failure and prediction method of pavement life are described in detail. Results show that the transversely tensile strains at the top of asphalt pavement under the condition of high temperature were easy to cause the top-down cracking outside the dual tires edge. The bonding failure has a significant influence on strains at the bottom of the surface course with the condition of high temperature, especially, the longitudinally tensile strains would increase obviously as the disengaging area between surface course of asphalt pavement and the base layer increase. Finally, it is proved that the surface course is vulnerable to form deformations and cause damage under the combined action of low speed and high temperature.
Application of 2-D and 3-D Geo-electrical Resistivity Tomography and Geotechnical soil Evaluation for Engineering site Investigation: A Case Study of Okerenkoko Primary School, Warri-Southwest, Delta State, Nigeria
No full textIn the design of building structures, joint efforts must be decided to resolve the depth to competent layers across the intended site, and periodic subsidence monitoring and deformation assessment of all buildings, specifically high-rise buildings, should be a regular practice, to safeguard the durability of civil engineering structures, to avert the disastrous consequences of structural failure and collapse prevalent of late. It was this extremity that necessitated the adoption of an integrated methodology which employed DC resistivity tomography involving 2-D and 3-D techniques and geotechnical-soil analysis to evaluate subsoil properties for engineering site investigation at Okerenkoko primary school, in Warri-southwest area of Delta State, to adduce the phenomena responsible for the visible cracks/structural failure observed in the school buildings. Rectilinear set of 2-D resistivity data consisting of five (5) parallel and five (5) perpendicular lines were obtained in a 100 x 80 m2 rectangular grid using the Wenner array. Thirteen (13) Schlumberger soundings were also obtained on the site with half-current electrode separation of 200 m. The results brought to light the geological structure beneath the subsurface, which consists of four geoelectric layers identified as top soil, dry/lithified upper sandy layer, wet sand (water-saturated) and peat/clay/sandy clayey soil (highly water-saturated). The deeply-seated peat/clay materials (ρ ≤ 20 Ωm) were delineated in the study area to depths of 17.1 m and 19.8 m from 2-D and 3-D imaging respectively. The dominance of mechanically unstable peat/clay/sandy clay layers beneath the subsurface, which are highly mobile in response to volumetric changes, is responsible for the noticeable cracks/failure/subsidence detected on structures within the study site. The DC resistivity result was validated using geotechnical test of soil samples collected from boreholes covering the first 8.0 m on three of the profiles. Atterberg’s limits of the soil samples revealed plasticity indices of zero for all samples. Thus, the soil samples within the depth analyzed were representatives of sandy soil which does not possess any plasticity and their plasticity index is taken as zero. These findings apparently justify the subsoil conditions defined in the interpretation of 2-D and 3-D resistivity imaging data. 3-D images presented as horizontal depth slices revealed the dominance of very low resistivity materials i.e. peat/clay/sandy clay within the third, fourth and fifth layers at depths ranging from 5.38-8.68 m, 8.68-12.5 m and 12.5-16.9 m respectively. Hence, 3-D tomography amplified the degree of accuracy of the geoelectrical resistivity imaging. Resistivity contour maps of second, third and fourth layers for VES 1 to 13, displayed low resistivity direction predominantly towards the northeastern part of the site, and signifies that rocks within the northeastern part have low resistivity values, which connotes high porosity and establishes the groundwater flow trend in the study area. The methods employed in this study justifiably gave relevant information on the subsurface geology beneath the study site and its suitability for engineering practice. Thus, it is suggested that these methods should be appropriated as major tools for engineering site assessment projects and groundwater future studies
Evaluation of Women’s Contribution in Agroforestry Demonstration through Moringa Species Introduction in Western Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textAgroforestry technologies are very keen practices in most small-scale farming systems where gender issues are not well considered in most developing countries. Moringa is a tropical plant that consists of 13 species, while five of them are found in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate the potential and contribution of women in agroforestry demonstrations where Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala are introduced in farmers’ fields. Selection of the best performing moringa species and preferred by farmers for further scaling up was also another objective. The activity was conducted in five districts of west and east Wallagga zones. A total of 10 FREG comprising 150 farmers were established. The two moringa species were planted on 100 farmers’ fields where 50 women and 50 men were purposively selected and given responsibilities of moringa demonstration. Leaflets and practical training on moringa production, importance and utilization were prepared and given to all concerned bodies. 84% of women and only 32% of men effectively demonstrated the moringa species. A total of 200 farmers were interviewed to evaluate and select the best from the two species depending on their growth performance, fresh leaf taste and odor, and survival rate. Based on the above criteria, 143 (71.5%) farmers preferred Moringa oleifera. In general, the two moringa species were performed well in most places, and its utilization started at household level. Finally, the authors recommend that women are the potential for demonstrating agroforestry technologies, and Moringa oleifera is a more preferred species in western Oromia
Investigation of Erosion Corrosion Caused by Drinking Water in the Faucet with Computational Fluid Dynamics
No full textIn this study, the reason for erosion-corrosion of drinking or mains water in the faucet was investigated by computational fluid dynamics. Pipes used in homes, the service sector, and industry are responsible for transporting different types of fluids from one place to another. Considering the faucet design, the SolidWorks program was used for 3D studies. In-faucet flow analyses were performed using Ansys Fluent, a computational fluid dynamics program based on the finite volume method. In the analyses, lime particles were chosen. At the end of the analysis, the amount of erosion in the faucet was obtained
Comparison of Websites Employing Search Engine Optimization and Live Data
No full textThis study compares websites that take live data into account using search engine optimization (SEO). A series of steps called search engine optimization can help a website rank highly in search engine results. Static websites and dynamic websites are two different types of websites. Static websites must have the necessary expertise in programming compatible with SEO. Whereas in dynamic websites, one can utilize readily available plugins/modules. The fundamental issue of all website holders is the lower level of page rank, congestion, utilization, and exposure of the website on the search engine. Here, the authors have studied the live data of four websites as the real-time data would indicate how the SEO strategy may be applied to website page rank, page difficulty removal, and brand query, etc. It is also necessary to choose relevant keywords on any website. The right keyword might assist to increase the brand query while also lowering the page difficulty both on and off the page. In order to calculate Off-page SEO, On-page SEO, and SEO Difficulty, the authors examined live data in this study and chose four well-known Indian university and institute websites for this study: www.caluniv.ac.in, www.jnu.ac.in, www.iima.ac.in, and www.iitb.ac.in. Using live data and SEO, the authors estimated the Off-page SEO, On-page SEO, and SEO Difficulty. It has been shown that the Off-page SEO of www.caluniv.ac.in is lower than that of www.jnu.ac.in, www.iima.ac.in, and www.iitb.ac.in by 9%, 7%, and 7%, respectively. On-page SEO is, in comparison, 4%, 1%, and 1% more. Every university has continued to keep up its own brand query. Additionally, www.caluniv.ac.in has slightly less SEO Difficulty compared to other websites. The final computed results have been displayed and compared
Ecology and Determinants of a Tropical Rainforest Landscape
No full textTropical ecosystems are bio-diverse ecosystems that differ according to varied environmental features. This work assessed the tree diversity and environmental variables that define a rainforest ecosystem in southeast Nigeria. 30 forest plots were used to identify trees ≥ 10 cm (DBH measured at 130 cm). Soil samples were collected up to 30 cm deep at four edges and middle of each plot, and bulked for analysis. The survey recorded a total of 2414 trees that belonged to 102 species and 32 families. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H’) of 3.67, Inverse Simpson’s index (C) of 1.06, species evenness of 0.79 and Margalef’s index of species richness (M) of 12.97 were recorded. Fabaceae family recorded the highest number (1037) of individual tree (being 43% of total) observations, while Burseraceae had the least number (1). Species abundance status showed 2.9% of species as “Abundant”, 73.5% as “Endangered”, 2.9% as “Frequent” and 20.6% of species as “Rare”. Soil variables namely phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, particle sizes (sand, silt and clay), CEC, calcium, pH, and aluminium, influenced the distribution of the vegetation in decreasing order. Edaphic factors (soil) determined the distribution of tree stems, growth and abundance of the species within the region. Efforts on conserving the ecosystem along environmental gradients and according to species status and indices are advocated
The Theory on Thing’s Limits. Part 2: A Brief Analysis of the New Knowledge of Newton’s First Law
No full textAccording to the norm of identifying truth in this theory, and Newton’s first law as a basis that can look at the overall situation, and by virtue of the electron storage ring as an experimental fact, it is pointed out: Only in reality can there be inertia. Inertia represents the continuity of the development of things. As the speed gradually approaches the c, the particle’s mass also approaches zero along with its static mass due to the impact of electromagnetic radiation, which is exactly the root where the energy shrinkage effect of high-speed particles comes from, and also the primary factor causing the spectrum redshift. Therefore, the Big Bang theory is wrong. All photons are produced from high-density particles through electromagnetic radiation. Wherever there is fluctuation, there must be mass, and vice versa. This is the correct understanding of “wave-particle duality”. No matter whether the high-speed electrons or the photons produced by them all have different static masses, their charge-mass ratio is always the same physical constant, and not affected by relativistic effects and electromagnetic radiations. This is the true internal mechanism to constitute the uncertainty principle, and conforms to the experimental facts related to it. It can be proved that in a constant magnetic field, the high-speed electron or photon having a relatively large curvature radius has a high moving speed and less mass, energy and wave frequency. Since Einstein used the absolute space-time established by Newton as the criterion and came to the conclusion that the relative space-time was curved, then he should no longer make circular arguments, that was, used the relative space-time as the criterion, to change the unit length and time established by the absolute space-time
Underwater Image Enhancement Using MIRNet
No full textIn recent years, enhancement of underwater images is a challenging task, which is gaining priority since the human eye cannot perceive images under water. The significant details underwater are not clearly captured using the conventional image acquisition techniques, and also they are expensive. Hence, the quality of the image processing algorithms can be enhanced in the absence of costly and reliable acquisition techniques. Traditional algorithms have certain limitations in the case of these images with varying degrees of fuzziness and color deviation. In the proposed model, the authors used a deep learning model for underwater image enhancement. First, the original image is pre-processed by the white balance algorithm for colour correction and the contrast of the image is improved using the contrast enhancement technique. Next, the pre-processed image is given to the MIRNet for enhancement. MIRNet is a deep learning framework that can be used to enhance the low-light level images. The enhanced image quality is measured using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), root mean square error (RMSE), and structural similarity index (SSIM) parameters