Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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The Causes of Hiking Ethiopian Consumer Prices
No full textA growing consumer price is creating instability in the macroeconomic environment and hinders the consumption level of especially the poor society. This paper then explored the major causes of such increasing consumer prices using Ethiopian cases. Using data from the National Bank of Ethiopia from 1982/1983 to 2019/2020, it condensed the information of monetary sector, external sector and fiscal sector variables to a small set to estimate the causes of Ethiopian consumer price hiking using the ARDL model. The factors determining consumer price differ from food to non-food. The most important factors determining food price are price expectation and fiscal factors. On the other hand, the main determinant of non-food consumer prices is the fiscal factor. The author also found evidence of fiscal factors and price expectation effects on general consumer prices. Therefore, to contain the rise in consumer prices, it needs to exercise conservative fiscal stances, which require minimizing deficit financing, reducing the import tax rate and reducing domestic indirect tax rates such as excise tax and value added tax on basic consumer goods and services. Moreover, sound government policies are essential to address inflation anticipations (providing information for society about the future of inflation) to change public opinion
Stamp Duty Tax and Growth of Economy: Evidence from Nigeria
No full textThis study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy. Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020. For various years, related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, the Bureau of National Statistics, and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports. E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square. The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities
Automated Clearing System on Deposit Money Banks’ Performance: Experience from the Nigerian Banks
No full textThis study majorly examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on banks. Specifically, this study examined the effect of automated cheque clearing system on total deposits of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Data were extracted from the CBN Statistical Bulletin (2020). Using the ordinary least square method of analysis via E-views 10, the findings of the study revealed that deposit money banks’ total deposits increased significantly owing to the decline in the value of cheques cleared, since the adoption of the automated cheque clearing system in Nigeria. Guided by the findings of this study, the researcher recommended that the regulatory authorities and banks should continue to liaise with each other on how to improve the efficiency of automated services so as to improve customer satisfaction and patronage
Modeling the Impact of Testing Mode on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Asphalt Concrete
No full textThe variations in the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete due to testing mode is assessed and modeled in the present investigation. Asphalt concrete mixture was prepared at its optimum binder requirement and compacted in slab mold with the aid of roller compaction. Beam specimens of 62 mm width, 400 mm length, and 56 mm depth were extracted from the slab samples and tested using controlled stress and strain techniques under dynamic flexural stresses. The viscoelastic properties such as the cumulative dissipated energy, phase angle, flexural stiffness, micro strain, and permanent deformation were monitored and modeled among the two testing techniques. It was observed that higher permanent deformation and micro strain are detected when the test was conducted under constant strain mode. However, higher phase angle, flexural stiffness, and energy dissipation could be observed under constant stress mode of test. 
Spatial Agglomeration and Diffusion of Population Based on a Regional Density Function Approach: A Case Study of Shandong Province in China
No full textPopulation density functions have long been used to describe the spatial structure of regional population distributions. Several studies have been conducted to examine the population distribution in Shandong Province, China, but few have applied regional density functions to the analysis. Therefore, based on the 2000, 2010, and 2020 population censuses, this study used monocentric and polycentric regional density functions to study the characteristics of population agglomeration and diffusion in Shandong. This is followed by an in-depth discussion based on population growth rate data and hot- and cold-spot analyses. The results showed that the Shandong Province population was spatially unevenly distributed. Population growth rates were higher in urban centers and counties, with more significant changes in population size in the eastern coastal areas than in the inland areas. As verified in this study, the logarithmic form of the single-center regional density function R2 was greater than 0.8, which was in line with the population spatial structure of Shandong Province. During the study period, the estimated population density of the regional center and the absolute value of the regional population density gradient both increased, indicating a clear and increasing trend of centripetal agglomeration of regional centers over the study period. Overall, the R2 value of the multicenter region density function was higher than that of the single-center region density function. The polycentric regional density function showed that the population density gradient of some centers had a downward trend, which reflected the spatial development trend of outward diffusion in these centers. Meanwhile, the variation in the estimated population density and the population density gradient exhibited differences in the central population distribution patterns at different levels
Research Status, Problems and Direction of Soil Organic Carbon in Zoige Peat Wetland
No full textPeatlands, as a special type of wetland, occupy only 3% of the Earth’s surface, but bear about one-third of the world’s soil carbon storage and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. The Zoige Wetland is located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and its peat reserves are up to 1.9 billion tons, accounting for more than 40% of the country’s peat resources, which is an important support for China to achieve the “double carbon” goal. This paper reviews the research status and storage estimation of soil organic carbon in Zoige Wetland. The statistical results show that there is a large difference in the estimation of carbon storage in the peatland of Zoige (0.43-1.42 Pg). The reasons are mainly related to marked differences in values reported for soil densities, organic carbon levels, and accumulation rates. There are still great uncertainties in the estimation of wetland carbon stocks, and future studies should focus on reducing soil carbon sink uncertainties, climate change, the impact of permafrost melting on carbon sink functions, the impact of degraded ecosystem restoration and sink enhancement pathways, and other greenhouse gas functions. In order to accurately reveal the current situation and future trend of carbon sink in peat wetlands, a model-multi-source observation data fusion system was constructed to complement the observation shortcomings in key areas, and provide reference and support for the construction of carbon neutral ecological civilization
Studies on Dispersion of Insoluble Sulfur in Passenger Car Radial Belt Skim Compound
No full textGood dispersion of compounding ingredients in a rubber formulation is crucial for mechanical performance. After mixing, certain materials like sulfur, recycled materials, and zinc oxide can remain undispersed within the rubber matrix, which can lead to critical flaws and influence performance. Improper dispersion is one of the reasons for poor physico mechanical properties. The influence of temperature, mixing time and storage time of different grades of insoluble sulfur collected from one source are studied along with the standard sample of different sources. To better understand the reason for poor sulfur dispersion and high blooming, all the chemical and physical properties are analysed. The topological structures are evaluated using the thermomechanical techniques. The reason for poor dispersion and premature failure of the rubber specimen has been studied by SEM-EDS. The degradation of insoluble sulfur to soluble sulfur can be negligible during the melt mixing if the mixing is done in a controlled way. The final mixing temperature shall be maintained at 90 °C to 95 °C to restrict the insoluble to soluble sulfur conversion. This paper highlights the methodology of the development of oil-coated sulfur in rubber composites and provides insight into the dispersion of polymeric sulfur in natural rubber-based tyre carcass compounds
Study on Mechanical Behaviour of Al-15Si-10Zn/x ZrO2 Composites Synthesized by Stir Cast Method
No full textIn this research, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-15Si-10Zn-xZrO2 (x = 5, 7 and 10 wt.%) composites synthesized by the stir-casting process have been investigated. The matrix and composite samples were characterized using an X-ray diffraction test (XRD) and their microstructures were studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructure of different phases was analyzed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure of the Al-15Si-10Zn/ZrO2 composites consisted of coarse primary Si, needlelike eutectic Si, and Zn-rich phases, with ZrO2 reinforcement particles distributed homogeneously in the composites. The micro-hardness and tensile properties of the matrix and composites were determined at room temperature. The results show significant improvements in the micro-hardness and tensile strength of the composites compared to the matrix alloy. The micro-hardness of the stir-cast composites increased by 24%, 44%, and 58% in the 5, 7, and 10 wt% ZrO2 reinforcement composites, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the 5, 7, and 10 wt% ZrO2 composites increased by 17%, 30%, and 44%, respectively, compared to the matrix alloy. The increased content of ZrO2 resulted in an increase in hardness, ultimate tensile and yield strengths and a decrease in ductility
Analysis of the Effect of Radiation Defects by Low-energy Protons on Electrophysical Properties of Silicon N+ -P-P+Structure
No full textNowadays, radiation engineering is a promising direction in the creation of semiconductor devices. The proton irradiation is used to controllably change the optical, electrical, recombination, mechanical and structural properties of the semiconductors. Low-energy protons make it possible to purposefully change material properties near the surface where the n+ -p junction is located. In this paper, the impact of low-energy protons on the electro physical parameters of n+ -p-p+ silicon photoelectric converters (SPC) is analyzed. The current-voltage characteristics and switching time of these SPCs are measured. The switching time is determined using rectangular bipolar voltage pulses with an amplitude of 10 mV, a frequency of 200 kHz, or a frequency of 1 MHz. A theoretical and experimental analysis of the obtained results is performed. The comparison of experimental data with the results of calculations shows that protons with an energy of 180 keV and a dose of 1015 cm–2 create two regions in the space charge region of the n+ -p junction with different switching times of 4.2 × 10–7 s and 5.5 × 10–8 s. SPC frequency characteristics have been improved by reducing the effective lifetime by 5-10 times. This effect can be used to create high-speed photodiodes with an operating modulation frequency of 18 MHz
Hyperspectral Inversion and Analysis of Zinc Concentration in Urban Soil in the Urumqi City of China
No full textExcessive accumulation of zinc (Zn) in urban soil can lead to environmental pollution and pose a potential threat to human health and the ecosystem. How to quickly and accurately monitor the urban soil zinc content on a large scale in real time and dynamically is crucial. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology provides a new method for rapid and nondestructive soil property detection. The main goal of this study is to find an optimal combination of spectral transformation and a hyperspectral estimation model to predict the Zn content in urban soil. A total of 88 soil samples were collected to obtain the Zn contents and related hyperspectral data, and perform 18 transformations on the original spectral data. Then, select important wavelengths by Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis (PCC) and CARS. Finally, establish a partial least squares regression model (PLSR) and random forest regression model (RFR) with soil Zn content and important wavelengths. The results indicated that the average Zn content of the collected soil samples is 60.88 mg/kg. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis (PCC) and CARS for the original and transformed wavelengths can effectively improve the correlations between the spectral data and soil Zn content. The number of important wavelengths selected by CARS is less than the important wavelengths selected by PCC. Partial least squares regression model based on first-order differentiation of the reciprocal by CARS (CARS-RTFD-PLSR) is more stable and has the highest prediction ability (R2 = 0.937, RMSE = 8.914, MAE = 2.735, RPD = 3.985). The CARS-RTFD-PLSR method can be used as a means of prediction of Zn content in soil in oasis cities. The results of the study can provide technical support for the hyperspectral estimation of the soil Zn content